Y8 Booklet Roots - Term 1 (Part 2)

Year 8 Booklet (part 2)
Term 1
Name: ...................................................
Class: ...................................................
Unit 4
Ecosystems
Q1.
(a) The drawing below shows a fish.
Look at the drawing of a fish.
Describe two ways in which a fish is suited to swimming.
1 ...................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) The drawing below shows a blue whale.
not to scale
A long time ago people thought that the blue whale was a fish. Now we know
that the blue whale is a mammal.
Give one way mammals are different from fish.
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) A hundred years ago there were 350 000 blue whales.
Now there are only about 10 000 blue whales.
Suggest why the blue whale population has decreased.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
3
(d) The blue whale is now a protected species. Scientists catch and tag the
whales with a transmitter. Satellites can be used to track the tagged whales.
(i) What information about whales can scientists be certain to get from a
satellite tracking system?
Tick the correct box.
what food they eat
how often they give birth
where they travel
the sex of the whale
1 mark
(ii) Give one advantage of using a satellite tracking system to track

whales.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
4
Q2.
The drawing below shows a barn owl.
Barn owls hunt for small animals such as mice.
(a) (i) Look at the drawing of the barn owl.
Give two ways the barn owl is suited for catching small animals.
1 ............................................................
2 ............................................................
(ii) Draw a line from each animal below to the word that describes it.
Draw only two lines.
4 marks
5
(b) Young barn owls are covered with soft, fluffy feathers.
Why do the young barn owls need feathers?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(c) Barn owls build nests in farm buildings. Mice eat wheat seeds.
(i) Many old farm buildings have been knocked down so that houses can
be
built on the farmland.
Give one reason why this has caused the number of barn owls to
decrease.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest one reason why farmers like to have barn owls on their farms.
................................................................................................................
3 marks
maximum 7 marks
Q3.
Every year thousands of trees are cut down in forests.
(a) Mammals and birds are two groups of animals that live in forests.
Give two reasons why fewer mammals and birds can survive after trees
have been cut down.
1 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
2 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
6
(b) Many small plants grow in the clearings left after trees are cut down.
Explain why small plants are able to grow well after the trees have been cut
down.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c) In some forests, small branches are left on the ground.
Fungi and bacteria feed on these branches and release minerals, such as
nitrates, back into the soil.
Why is it important that the minerals are released back into the soil?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) A label was printed on the back of a birthday card.
The paper for this card was

made from wood taken from
sustainable forests.
In sustainable forests, new trees are planted to replace trees that are cut
down.
Give two reasons why it is important to replace forest trees that are cut
down.
1 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
2 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
7
Q4.
Copper and arsenic are present in the soil near copper mines.
When earthworms eat this soil they change from brown to bright yellow.
The copper and arsenic are not poisonous to earthworms.
(a) Earthworms are part of the food chain shown below.
not to scale
(i) Use the food chain to suggest how copper and arsenic get into the
body of a sparrowhawk.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Mary suggested that blackbirds are more likely to catch bright yellow
earthworms than brown earthworms.
Give one reason why this might be true.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Mary wanted to count the bright yellow earthworms and the brown
earthworms in the soil at different distances from the mines.
What important information about the soil could she get from her results?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
8
(c) The drawings below show an earthworm and three other worms.
not to scale
The ragworm belongs to the same group as the earthworm.
How can you tell this from the drawings?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) The roundworm and some flatworms are parasites.
What does this mean?

They feed only on They live in a

insects. burrow.
They feed on other

living things and harm They live in the sea.
them.
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
9
Q5.
The drawing shows a fish tank. It has some waterweed and some fish in it.
During the day waterweed gives off bubbles of oxygen.
(a) Give two ways in which the waterweed helps the fish to stay alive.
1 ................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) Tick the boxes by three things which both fish and waterweed do.
They both use They both make their

energy. own food.
They both
They both eat.
reproduce.
They both move

from They both grow.
place to place.
3 marks
Maximum 5 marks
10
Q6.
The food chain below shows the feeding relationships between some organisms
living in the Arctic.
plants → deer → wolves
(a) Which organism in the food chain is a predator?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
In one area of the Arctic the number of deer has been counted every
five years since 1940. The graph shows the number of deer.
(b) Suggest a reason why the deer population changed between 1975 and
1990.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) The population of wolves in the area also changed.
(i) What is likely to have happened to the number of wolves between

1980 and 1990?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) The number of deer in 1946 was about the same as in 1960.
Suggest why the number of wolves was probably higher in 1960
than in 1946.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
11
Q7.
The photograph shows an area where a tropical forest is being cleared.
(a) Complete the sentences.
People could use timber from the forest for .....................................................

.
The cleared land can be used for ................................................................... .
Clearing forests increases the concentration of ................................................

in the atmosphere.
This increase causes global .................................................................. .

(4)
(b) Clearing forests causes some species to become extinct.
(i) What is meant by extinct?
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) It is important to prevent species from becoming extinct.
Give one reason why.
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
12
Q8.
(a) Tom watched birds feeding in his garden.
He spotted the birds shown below.
not to scale
Tom recorded what the birds in his garden ate.

His results are shown below.
type of food
bird
fruit nuts worms seeds
blackbird
blue tit
bullfinch
dove
sparrow
robin
Use the information in the table to answer the following questions.
(i) Tom put some pieces of fruit in his garden.

Which two birds will eat this food?
…................................................ and ...................................................

1 mark
(ii) How many types of bird eat nuts?
......................................
1 mark
(iii) Which food from the table opposite will attract the most types of bird?
.....................................
1 mark
13
(iv) Which bird from the table eats the most types of food?
.....................................
1 mark
(b) What are birds covered with to keep them warm?
.....................................
1 mark
(c) Many birds reproduce in the spring.
Suggest why birds need extra food in the spring.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
14
Q9.
The diagram below shows part of a grassland food web.
(a) One year the snail population increased in the grassland area.
How could an increase in the number of snails cause the caterpillar

population to increase?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Snail poison can be used to control the number of snails. After some time,
each owl contains more poison than each snail.
Explain why each owl contains more poison than each snail.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c) A scientist wants to record the number of dandelion plants in the grassland
area.
Describe how they could use a 1m2 quadrat to estimate the number of
dandelions growing in the grassland area.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
15
(d) The table below shows the population numbers for one food chain from the
food web.
organism number
dandelions 200
rabbits 20
foxes 4
Complete the pyramid of numbers on the graph paper below to represent this
food chain. Label the pyramid to show each animal.
2 marks
maximum 7 marks
Q10.
The drawings show part of a farmland food chain.
not to scale
16
(a) A pyramid of numbers represents the number of organisms at each stage in
a food chain.
On each line by the pyramid of numbers below, write the name of the
correct organism from the food chain above.
1 mark
(b) Partridges feed mainly on insects and wild plants (weeds).
Some farmers spray their crops with chemicals to kill insects and weeds.
How would this affect the number of foxes?
.........................................................................................................................
Explain your answer.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Partridges build their nests on the ground among plants.

They lay up to 18 eggs in the nest.
Suggest why partridges need to lay so many eggs.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Some farmers leave a strip of land around the edge of each field which they
do not spray with chemicals.
Suggest two reasons why this will lead to an increase in the number of
partridges on these farms.
1 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 marks
17
maximum 5 marks
Q11.
The drawing below shows part of a food web in the sea around Antarctica.
not to scale
(a) From the food web, give the names of two animals that only eat krill.
1. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark
18
(b) (i) Which word describes the plants in a food web?
producers predators
herbivores carnivores
1 mark
(ii) Krill are small animals that eat tiny plants.
Which word describes krill in the food web?

producers predators
herbivores carnivores
1 mark
(c) (i) Crabeater seals eat krill.

Fishermen catch large amounts of krill from the sea.
How would a decrease in the number of krill affect the number of

crabeater seals?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Look at the food web.

Leopard seals also eat krill.
A decrease in the number of krill will affect the crabeater seals sooner
than it affects leopard seals.
Give the reason for this.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
19
Q12.
The drawing below shows part of a farmland food web.
not to scale
(a) (i) Which living thing in the web is an insect?
...........................................................
1 mark
(ii) Farmers spray their plants with insecticide to kill insects.

Suggest how insecticide on the plants gets into the insects.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) From the food web above, give the names of one predator and its prey.
predator .............................................
prey of this predator .............................................

1 mark
20
(c) Why are the plants in the food web called producers?
They loose their

They make food by
leaves
photosynthesis.
in the autumn.
They have very They have very

long roots. small flowers.
1 mark
(d) The drawing below shows how partridges sit close together and all face
outwards.
Give one reason why sitting close together like this helps the partridges to
survive.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(e) Partridges lay their eggs in nests on the ground.
(i) The eggs are the same colour as the ground.

Why can this help partridges to survive?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Why could laying eggs on the ground result in fewer partridge chicks?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
21
Q13.
The drawing shows a food chain
including plants called tree ferns,
and two dinosaurs.
They lived on Earth millions of
years ago.
(a) The list below shows words which describe living things in a food chain.
herbivore predator prey producer
(i) Which word in the list above describes the tree fern?
...................................................................
1 mark
(ii) From the list above, give one word that can describe Tyrannosaurus
rex.
...................................................................
1 mark
(iii) From the list above, give one word that can describe Triceratops.
...................................................................
1 mark
(b) Some scientists think that a large rock from space hit the Earth about 65
million years ago.
A thick layer of dust stayed in the air for a long time and blocked out the
sunlight.
This would cause a decrease in the number of tree ferns.

Give one way the decrease in tree ferns would affect the Triceratops.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Tyrannosaurus rex had thick scales covering its body.

Which group did it belong to?
amphibians fish
reptiles mammals
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
22
Unit 5
Materials and Cycles
on Earth
Q1
The diagrams represent three stable atoms with complete outer shells.
Lithium fluoride is formed when lithium reacts with fluorine. Lithium fluoride is
made of lithium ions, Li+, and fluoride ions, F–. Its formula is LiF.
The arrangement of electrons around Li+ is like the arrangement around helium.
The arrangement of electrons around F– is like the arrangement around neon.
(a) The atomic number of potassium is 19. Potassium fluoride is formed when
potassium reacts with fluorine.
Write the symbol for a potassium ion.
...............................
1 mark
(b) Oxygen atoms have six outer electrons.
(i) Write the symbol for an oxide ion.
...............................
1 mark
(ii) Write the formula for potassium oxide.
...............................
1 mark
(c) Magnesium has two outer electrons.
(i) Write the formula for magnesium fluoride.
...............................
1 mark
(ii) Write the formula for magnesium oxide.
...............................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
24
Q2.
(a) The electronic arrangements of six elements are shown in the diagrams
below. They are labelled A-F. Each electron is shown by an x.
(i) Which element is in group 6 of the periodic table?
..............................
1 mark
(ii) Three of the elements are metals.

Give the letters of two elements which are metals.
.............................. .............................
1 mark
(b) When element B reacts with another element, each atom of B loses its
outer electron to leave an ion with a full outer shell of electrons.
What will be the charge on the ion formed from an atom of element B?
..........................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
25
Q3.
A long time ago sulphuric acid was made by heating a substance called blue
vitriol.
The equations below show how sulphuric acid is produced by this method.
blue vitriol copper oxide + sulphur trioxide + water
sulphur trioxide + water sulphuric acid
(a) Name three elements contained in blue vitriol.
1. ...........................................................
2. ...........................................................
3. ...........................................................
3 marks
(b) (i) Anton Lavoisier was a scientist. He made acids by dissolving oxides
like sulphur oxide and nitric oxide in water. They formed two acids;
sulphuric acid and nitric acid. From this, he concluded:
The formulas for these two acids are H2SO4 and HNO3.
How do these formulas support Lavoisier’s conclusion about acids?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Some time after Lavoisier’s death, hydrochloric acid was identified.
The formula for hydrochloric acid is HCI.
Explain why scientists no longer supported Lavoisier’s conclusion about

acids.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
26
(c) Scientists now agree that all acids contain hydrogen.
Look at the two word equations below.
zinc + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate + hydrogen
magnesium + nitric acid magnesium nitrate + hydrogen
(i) Explain how these equations support the suggestion that acids contain
hydrogen.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Complete the equation below for the reaction between iron and
hydrochloric acid.
iron + hydrochloric acid ............................ + ............................

1 mark
maximum 7 marks
27
Q4.
(a) The drawings below show three objects made from copper.
Draw a line from each object to the reason for using copper for that object.
Draw only three lines.
3 marks
28
(b) Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc. Some keys are made from brass
Why is brass more suitable than copper for a key?

Tick the two correct boxes.
Brass does not bend as easily Brass is a paler colour

as copper. than copper.
Brass is not as shiny as

Brass is harder than copper.
copper.
Brass is not such a good Brass is not such a good

conductor of electricity as conductor of heat as
copper. copper.
2 marks
(c) Zinc melts at 420°C.
Copper melts at 1085°C.
A scientist heated a mixture of pieces of zinc and pieces of copper to 600°C

in a dish.
What would be in the dish at 600°C?
liquid zinc and liquid liquid zinc and solid

copper copper
solid zinc and liquid solid zinc and solid

copper copper
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
29
Q5.
A statue outside a zoo was made from two types of rock.
The panda was made of granite.

The base was made of limestone.
The drawings show the statue as it was in 1936 and in 2006.
(a) The surface of the limestone base has changed over the years.
(i) Which process caused this change?

evaporating melting
reflecting weathering
1 mark
(ii) The surface of the panda made of granite has not changed.
Suggest why granite does not change in the same way as limestone.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Acid rain can be formed when fossil fuels burn.
(i) Give the name of one fossil fuel.
.............................................................
1 mark
30
(ii) What is true about all fossil fuels?
1 mark
(iii) Acid rain has changed the surface of the metal letters on the statue.
Which word describes the effect of acid rain on a metal?

corrosion friction
magnetism vibration
1 mark
(iv) What could the zoo owner put on the metal letters to protect them from
acid rain?
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q6.
Burning fossil fuels causes air pollution.
(a) (i) Give the names of two fossil fuels.
....................................................... and ..............................................

1 mark
(ii) Some fossil fuels contain sulphur.
Complete the word equation for the reaction between sulphur and
oxygen
in the air.
sulphur + oxygen → .............................................................................

1 mark
31
(b) Burning fossil fuels leads to the formation of acid rain.
Acid rain has collected in this lake.
A helicopter is dropping calcium hydroxide into the lake.
Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution.
(i) What effect does an alkali have on the pH of an acidic lake?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) When calcium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid in the lake a
calcium
salt is formed.
What is the name of this salt?

calcium carbonate calcium chloride
calcium nitrate calcium sulphate

1 mark
32
(c) The photograph below shows trees damaged by acid rain.
(i) The trees have lost their leaves and have died.
Explain why leaves are needed for a tree to grow.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) What effect does acid rain have on buildings made from limestone?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q7.
A headline from a newspaper is shown below.
Some countries claim that acid rain caused by power stations in Britain
damages their forests.
Others argue that coal-burning power stations produce cheap electricity
and that plants can stand some level of acid rain.
Imagine you are planning a laboratory investigation of the claim:
‘plants can stand some level of acid rain’.
33
Assume you have access to whatever laboratory equipment you need, including:
• seeds
• acid
• seed trays
• soil
Plan a laboratory investigation to test the claim that ‘plants can stand
some level of acid rain’.
(a) Name a factor you would need to vary in your investigation.

(This is the independent variable.)
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) (i) What factor would you examine to see the effect?
(This is the dependent variable.)
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) How could you measure this dependent variable?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Suggest one factor you would control to ensure that your investigation is
fair.
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
34
Unit 6
Light
Q1.
Ann shines a ray of white light at a glass prism.
(a) Tick one box in each row to show if each sentence is true or false.
true false
The light refracts as it enters the prism.
The light refracts as it travels through the prism.
The light disperses as it leaves the prism.
The light forms a spectrum of colours on the

screen.
2 marks
36
(b) Ann places two mirrors at 90° and shines a ray of light at mirror 1.
(i) On the diagram above continue the ray of light to show how it is
reflected by both mirrors. Use a ruler.
2 marks
(ii) On the diagram above label the incident ray (i) and the reflected ray
(r) for the light striking mirror 2.
1 mark
(c) Ann shines the torch at a red book.
Explain why the object looks red in white light.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
37
(d) In a dark room, Ann puts different coloured filters in front of the torch.
She records the colour the book appears.
Complete the table below to show the colour that the book would appear.
Tick one box in each row. The first one has been done for you.
What colour does the red book appear?

colour of filter
red green black
no filter
red filter
green filter
1 marks
maximum 8 marks
38
Q2.
(a) The diagram below shows George using his laptop.
Light from the lamp is reflected by the laptop screen.
(i) On the diagram above draw a ray of light to show how George sees
the light from the lamp reflected by the laptop screen. Use a ruler.
Draw arrows to show the direction of light.

3 marks
(ii) With the laptop screen in the position shown in part a(i), George sees
an image of the lamp on the screen.
George tilts the screen forwards as shown below.
When the screen is tilted forwards it is easier for George to see the
words on the screen.
What happens to the reflected ray of light when the screen is tilted?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
39
(b) George listens to music on his headphones.
Complete the sentence below using words from the box.
chemical electrical gravitational

potential
sound thermal
The useful energy change in the headphones is from ..................................
energy into .................................. energy.

1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q3.
(a) When light travels from air to glass, it changes direction.
What is the name of this effect?
........................................................
1 mark
(b) The diagram below shows three rays of light A, B and C striking a glass
block.
The paths of A and B have been drawn.
Continue ray C to show its path through the block and out the other side.
Use a ruler.
2 marks
40
(c) The diagram below shows three rays of light, D, E and F, from a torch
placed under water.
The path of ray E is shown as it leaves the water and enters the air.
Continue the paths of D and F as they pass through the air.

Use a ruler.
2 marks
maximum 5 marks
Q4.
(a) The diagram below shows a fish tank.
The surface of the water acts like a mirror.

The fish can see the snail reflected in the surface of the water.
Draw a ray of light which passes from the snail, and reflects from the
surface, to
show how the fish can see the snail. Use a ruler.
Put arrows on the ray of light.

3 marks
41
(b) Andrew is looking at the snail.
When a ray of light passes from water to air it changes direction.
(i) Draw a ray of light from the snail to Andrew to show how Andrew can
see
the snail. Use a ruler.
Put arrows on the ray of light.

2 marks
(ii) What is the name given to this change in the direction of a ray of light?
.............................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
42
Q5.
James shone a ray of light at a mirror as shown below.
diagram 1
He measured the angle of reflection for different angles of incidence.

angle of incidence 30 40 50 60 70
(º)
angle of reflection 30 40 50 65 70
(º)
(a) Which angle of reflection was not measured accurately?
..................°
How can you tell this from the table?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
43
(b) James set up a different experiment as shown below.
diagram 2
He measured the angle of refraction for different angles of incidence.
His results are shown in the graph.
Use the graph to answer the questions below.
(i) When the angle of refraction is 20°, what is the angle of incidence?
..................°
1 mark
(ii) What conclusion could James draw from his graph?

Complete the sentence below.
When light passes from air into glass, the angle of incidence is
always .......................................................... the angle of refraction.

1 mark
44
(c) On diagram 2, draw a line to continue the refracted ray as it leaves the
glass
block.
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q6.
(a) Peter had two different coloured tennis balls as shown below.
He shone white light through a red filter onto each ball.
(i) experiment 1
The white ball appeared red.

Explain why this ball appeared red.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
2 marks
45
(ii) experiment 2
What colour did this ball appear?
..........................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) Peter set up a different experiment.

He cut three holes in a piece of card.
Two of the holes were covered by coloured filters as shown below.
Peter placed a red filter between the piece of card and a white screen.
He shone white light at the piece of card with three holes in it.
46
What would Peter see on the screen?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q7.
The diagram shows a ray of light hitting the surface of a mirror made from thick
glass.
The incident ray is both reflected and refracted.
(a) (i) Give the letters of the two reflected rays.
............... and ...............

1 mark
(ii) Give the letter of one refracted ray.
...............
1 mark
(b) The incident ray is brighter than ray A.

Give one reason for this.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 3 marks
47
Q8.
Sunita puts on a pair of special glasses as shown below. The glasses have
coloured
filters in them.
(a) Sunita looks at a lamp through the green filter. The lamp gives out white
light,
but appears to be green.
Explain how this is possible.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) Sunita looks at a red lamp.
(i) What colour will the lamp appear to Sunita, if she looks at it
through the red filter?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) What colour will the lamp appear to Sunita, if she looks at it through the
green filter?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
48
Q9.
Sophie places a coin at the bottom of an empty mug. She cannot see the coin with
her eye in the position shown.
(a) Sophie fills the mug with water. Her head is in the same position as before,
but now she can see part of the coin.
Draw a ray of light on the diagram to show how Sophie can see part of the
coin.
Use a ruler.
Draw an arrow on the ray to show its direction.
3 marks
(b) Sophie pours some concentrated blackcurrant juice into the water.
The blackcurrant drink acts like a red filter and makes the coin look red.
Explain how a red filter works.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
49
Q10.
The diagram shows a lamp and a piece of cardboard. The piece of cardboard has
a hole in it. Light from the lamp passes through the hole and forms a bright spot on
a wall.
(a) (i) Which point on the wall, A B, C, D or E, is lit up by the lamp?
......................
1 mark
(ii) Explain why the other points on the wall are not lit up by the lamp.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) A piece of clear green plastic is placed over the hole.

What is the colour of the light which shines on the wall?
............................................……
1 mark
50
(c) The diagram shows a ray of light from a lamp hitting a mirror.
Which arrow, P, Q, R or S, shows the reflected ray?
......................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q11.
Shadow puppets are sometimes used in children’s shows.
51
(a) Where will the shadow of the puppet’s foot be on the screen?
1 mark
(b) How is the shadow of the puppet formed?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) When the light is turned on, the shadow and the brightly lit part of the screen
can be seen immediately.
What does this tell you about the speed of light?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
52
Unit 7
Diet and Growth
Q1.
(a) Green beans contain vitamin C.
Which other food is a good source of vitamin C?

cheese chicken eggs oranges
1 mark
(b) The amount of vitamin C changes in the beans and in the water as the
beans are cooked. The shading shows how it changes.
Use the diagram. How does the amount of vitamin C in the beans and in
the water change as the beans are cooked? Tick one box in each row.
54
amount of
increases decreases stays the same
vitamin C
in the beans
in the water
1 mark
(c) Cheese is a source of calcium.
Why do we need calcium?
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Draw a line from each nutrient to a good source of that nutrient in our diet.
2 marks
55
(e) The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.
(i) Write the letter which labels the small intestine.
...............
1 mark
(ii) Write the letter which labels the stomach.
...............
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
56
Q2.
The drawings show the amounts of different substances in 100 g of full-cream milk
and 100 g of skimmed milk.
(a) Use the information in the drawings to complete the sentence.
When skimmed milk is made from full-cream milk, most of the
............................................ is taken out.

1 mark
(b) (i) Look at the drawings.

Which substance in milk do we need for strong bones and teeth?
..........................................................
1 mark
(ii) How are substances carried around the body?
................................................................................................................
1 mark
57
(c) (i) Which animals produce milk to feed their young?
amphibians birds
mammals reptiles
1 mark
(ii) A baby fed on its mother’s milk gets fewer infections.

What is the reason for this?
The milk contains antibodies.
The milk contains water.
The milk is at body temperature.
The milk is a liquid.

1 mark
maximum 5 marks
58
Q3.
Table 1 gives information about 100 g of five different foods.
energy per
nutrients per 100 g of each food
food 100 g
of food protein fat carbohydrate calcium
(kJ) (g) (g) (g) (mg)
banana 403 1.2 0.3 23.2 6
wholemeal
914 9.2 2.5 41.6 54
bread
butter 3031 0.5 81.7 0 15
cheese 1708 22.5 34.4 0.1 720
milk 275 3.2 3.9 4.8 115
table 1
(a) Look at table 1.
(i) Which of the four nutrients, protein, fat, carbohydrate or calcium,

provides
most of the energy in the cheese?
................................................................................................................
(ii) Which of the four nutrients provides most of the energy in the
wholemeal
bread?
................................................................................................................
(iii) Which of the four nutrients is needed for growth and repair?
................................................................................................................
3 marks
(b) The recommended daily amount of protein for a woman is 45 g.

Look at table 1.
How many grams of cheese would provide 45 g of protein?
50 g 100 g 150 g 200 g

1 mark
59
(c) Not all the types of nutrients needed for a balanced diet are shown in table
1.
Give the name of one of the missing types of nutrient.
.............................................................
1 mark
(d) Table 2 shows the recommended daily amount of calcium for a person in
four
stages of the human life cycle.
We need calcium for healthy teeth and bones.
recommended daily
person
amount of calcium (mg)
a baby aged 6 months 600
a woman before she is
500
pregnant
a pregnant woman 1200
a breast-feeding woman
table 2
(i) Use information in table 2 to estimate how much calcium a

breast-feeding
woman should have each day.
............. mg
(ii) Explain why she would need this amount of calcium.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
2 marks
maximum 7 marks
60
Q4.
(a) The diagram shows a sperm cell. Sperm cells are adapted for fertilisation.
Sperm cells use their tails to swim towards an ovum (egg).

Give one other way the sperm cell is adapted for fertilisation.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) The diagrams below show two other cells.
not to scale
(i) Look at the diagrams above.
What is the difference between the location of the genetic material in

the
bacterium and in the cell from the lining of the intestine?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
61
(ii) What is the function of the genetic material in a cell?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Cells in the lining of the intestine are adapted to absorb digested food.
How does the folded membrane of these cells enable them to absorb the
maximum amount of digested food?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) A group of cells in the lining of the intestine is a tissue.
Why is a number of sperm cells not a tissue?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
62
Q5.
The drawings show Sofia taking part in four different sports.
The table below shows the average energy needed for each sport for one hour.
sport average energy need for

one hour (kJ)
bowling 1030
tennis 1760
football 2260
running 3700
(a) (i) Sofia plays football for two hours each week. She also goes bowling
for two hours each week.
Explain why Sofia uses up her food reserves more quickly when playing
football than when bowling.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
63
(ii) Athletes should not drink alcohol before taking part in sport.
Give two effects of alcohol which would affect an athlete’s performance.
1. .........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
1 mark
2. .........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Some athletes take glucose tablets before a 100 metre race.
They can also obtain glucose from starch in their diet.
A starch molecule is made up of many glucose molecules joined together as
shown below.
In the digestive system, starch is broken down into glucose:
An athlete can obtain energy more quickly by eating glucose rather than
starch.
Explain why.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
64
Q6.
Sailors used to suffer from an illness called scurvy caused by a poor diet on long
journeys. James Lind was a doctor who tested treatments for scurvy. He predicted
that
all acids cure scurvy.
He gave 6 pairs of sailors with scurvy exactly the same meals but he also gave
each pair a different addition to their diet.
pair of addition to their diet effect after one

sailors week
1 some apple cider beginning to recover

25 drops of very dilute sulphuric
2 acid to still had scurvy
gargle with*
3 2 teaspoons of vinegar still had scurvy
4 half a pint of sea water* still had scurvy
5 2 oranges and 1 lemon recovered

herbs and spices and acidified
6 still had scurvy
barley water
(a) Does the evidence in the table support the prediction that all acids cure
scurvy?
yes no
Use the table to explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
65
(*) DANGER! DO NOT TRY THIS.
(b) (i) Give the one factor James Lind changed in this experiment.
(This is called the independent variable.)
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Give the factor James Lind examined in this experiment.

(This is called the dependent variable.)
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) James Lind’s evidence suggested that oranges and lemons cured scurvy.
At a later time, other scientists did the following:
• They separated citric acid from the fruit.
• They predicted that citric acid would cure scurvy.
• They tested their prediction by giving pure citric acid as an

addition to the diet of sailors with scurvy.
• They found it did not cure scurvy.
The scientists had to make a different prediction.
Suggest a new prediction about a cure for scurvy that is consistent with the
evidence collected.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Explain why it is necessary to investigate the effects of changes in diet over
a period of more than one week.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
66
Q7.
The card shows the amounts of fat and fibre in some types of food and drink from
a café.
(a) From the card above, choose a meal consisting of a burger, a drink and
some potato, to give:
(i) the least fat;

1 mark
(ii) the most fibre.

1 mark
Write your answers in the table below.
67
Food and drink meal with the least meal with the most fibre
fat
type of burger
the drinks do not

type of drink
contain fibre
type of potato
(b) Draw a line from each nutrient to the main reason why it is needed.
Draw only four lines.
nutrient main reason why the nutrient is

needed
• to keep the intestine working properly
calcium • • for healthy teeth and bones
fibre • • for insulation
protein • • to provide energy
sugar • • for growth and repair

4 marks
Maximum 6 marks
Q8.
The following are important parts of a balanced diet.
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
water
A pupil has a sweet, juicy orange to eat.
(a) Complete the following sentences using words from the list above.
(i) An orange is a good source of
......................…… and ......................…….

2 marks
68
(ii) An orange is a poor source of
......................…… and ......................…….

2 marks
(b) Give the names of two parts of a balanced diet which are not shown in the
list above.
1. ...................................................................
2. ...................................................................
2 marks
(c) In order to obtain the nutrients, food must be chewed Give two reasons why
it is important to chew food.
1. ..................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 8 marks
Q9.
Some people have unbalanced diets. This can give them problems with their
health.
(a) Draw one line from each unbalanced diet to the health problem it can
cause.
4 marks
(b) Explain why eating a lot of chips every day is bad for your health.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
69
Unit 8
Chemical Reactions
Q1.
Simon made two candles from the same amount of wax.
He drew lines on both candles.
(a) What would Simon use to measure the distance between the lines?
..........................................
1 mark
(b) He timed how long candle 1 took to burn.

(i) How long would it take for candle 1 to burn from C to D?

Write your answer in the table.
time for candle 1

part that burned
to burn (minutes)
A to B 30
B to C 30
C to D
D to E 30
1 mark
71
(ii) Simon timed how long candle 2 took to burn.
How long would it take for candle 2 to burn from A to B and from D to E?
Write your answers in the table.
time for candle 2

part that burned
to burn (minutes)
A to B
B to C 20
C to D 40
D to E
2 marks
72
(c) Simon wanted to use a candle to measure time.
He made candle 3 the same size as candle 1.
Why is candle 3 more useful than candle 1 for measuring time?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
73
Q2.
(a) Methane can be a gas, a liquid or a solid. In the diagram below, arrows P, Q, R and S
represent changes of state.
The boxes on the right show the arrangement of particles of methane in the three
different physical states.
Each circle represents a particle of methane.
(i) Draw a line from each physical state of methane to the arrangement of
particles in that physical state.
Draw only three lines.
1 mark
(ii) Arrows P, Q, R and S represent changes of state.

Which arrow represents:
evaporation? ............................................................
melting? ...................................................................
2 marks
74
(b) Methane is the main compound in natural gas. The scale below shows the
melting point and the boiling point of methane.
Methane has three physical states: solid, liquid and gas.
(i) What is the physical state of methane at –170°C?
.............................................................
1 mark
(ii) The formula of methane is CH4. The symbols for the two elements in methane
are C and H.
Give the names of these two elements.
element C .............................................
element H ............................................
2 marks
(iii) When methane burns, it reacts with oxygen.

One of the products is water, H2O.
Give the name of the other product.
..............................................................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks
75
Q3.
(a) George used the apparatus below to find out what substances are produced
when methanol burns.
As the methanol burned, two different gases were produced.
(i) One of these gases condensed in the U-tube to give a colourless liquid. Give
the name of this liquid.
........................................................
1 mark
(ii) The other gas turned the lime water cloudy.

Give the name of this gas.
........................................................
1 mark
(b) Methanol is sometimes used in antifreeze. It can be added to water in car

windscreen wash-bottles to prevent the water from freezing in cold conditions.
76
(i) The label on the bottle of antifreeze has two hazard warning symbols. What
two precautions would you need to take when using this antifreeze?
1. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Water freezes at 0°C. The label on the bottle shows how the freezing point
changes when different amounts of antifreeze are added to water.
Terry put a mixture containing 10% antifreeze into the wash-bottle of his car.
During the night the temperature dropped to –14°C.
The wash-bottle burst.
Explain why the wash-bottle burst.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
77
Q4.
A teacher set up the following apparatus behind a safety screen.
She placed 1 g of icing sugar in the end of the rubber tubing inside the tin, as shown below.
The teacher blew through the other end of the rubber tubing.
The icing sugar came into contact with the flame.
There was a loud explosion and the lid was blown off the tin.
(a) Complete the following sentence describing the energy changes which took place.
........................................... energy in the icing sugar changed to
............................................. energy and ............................... energy.

3 marks
(b) As a result of the explosion, the lid of the tin was pushed off.
Explain what had happened to the gas molecules inside the tin to make this happen.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c) When icing sugar is burned in this experiment, the gas used and the gas produced
are the same as when energy is released from sugar in the cells of the body.
(i) Which gas, in the air, is used when the icing sugar burns?
.................................................
1 mark
78
(ii) Give the name of the gas produced when the icing sugar burns.
...................................................
1 mark
(d) The table below shows the energy values of four food substances.
food substance energy value, in

kJ per 100 g
icing sugar 1680
curry powder 979
flour 1450
custard powder 630
The teacher repeated the experiment with 1 g of custard powder.

What difference would this make to the experiment?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 8 marks
Q5.
The diagrams show two Bunsen burners. One burner has the air hole closed, and the other
has the air hole open.
(a) Explain why opening the air hole of a Bunsen burner makes the flame hotter.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
79
(b) Natural gas is methane, CH4. It is burned in a Bunsen burner.
Complete the word equation for the chemical reaction in the clear blue flame.
methane + ............................. → ............................. + .............................

2 marks
Maximum 3 marks
Q6.
This question is about three different fuels, A, B and C.
Fuel A is stored in tanks. It is not stored under pressure. It flows along a pipe to
where it is needed.
Fuel B is stored under pressure in small cylinders. It is used by campers.
Fuel C can be stored in sacks or bags.
(a) (i) Tick the correct box.
Fuel A is a:
solid
liquid
gas
1 mark
Name a fuel which A could be .............................................................

1 mark
(ii) Tick the correct box.
When fuel B comes out of the cylinder this is a:
solid
liquid
gas
1 mark
Name a fuel which B could be .............................................................

1 mark
80
(iii) Tick the correct box.
Fuel C is a:
solid
liquid
gas
1 mark
Name a fuel which C could be .............................................................

1 mark
(b) Complete the statement to describe what happens when a fuel burns.
Two waste products formed from burning fuels are
................................................. and .....................................................

2 marks
Maximum 8 marks
Q7.
A long time ago sulphuric acid was made by heating a substance called blue vitriol.
The equations below show how sulphuric acid is produced by this method.
blue vitriol copper oxide + sulphur trioxide + water
sulphur trioxide + water sulphuric acid
(a) Name three elements contained in blue vitriol.
1. ...........................................................
2. ...........................................................
3. ...........................................................
3 marks
81
(b) (i) Anton Lavoisier was a scientist. He made acids by dissolving oxides like
sulphur oxide and nitric oxide in water. They formed two acids; sulphuric acid
and nitric acid. From this, he concluded:
The formulas for these two acids are H2SO4 and HNO3.
How do these formulas support Lavoisier’s conclusion about acids?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Some time after Lavoisier’s death, hydrochloric acid was identified.
The formula for hydrochloric acid is HCI.
Explain why scientists no longer supported Lavoisier’s conclusion about acids.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Scientists now agree that all acids contain hydrogen.

Look at the two word equations below.
zinc + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate + hydrogen
magnesium + nitric acid magnesium nitrate + hydrogen
(i) Explain how these equations support the suggestion that acids contain
hydrogen.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
82
(ii) Complete the equation below for the reaction between iron and hydrochloric
acid.
iron + hydrochloric acid ............................ + ............................

1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q8.
(a) The fire extinguisher below contains a compound called sodium hydrogencarbonate.
The formula for sodium hydrogencarbonate is NaHCO3.
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated it breaks down to produce carbon

dioxide, water and a compound with the formula Na2CO3.
This is shown in the equation below.
(i) Complete the word equation below.
sodium carbon + water + ..............................

hydrogencarbonate dioxide (Na2CO3)
1 mark
(ii) Complete the table below to show the mass of water produced when 168 g of
sodium hydrogencarbonate breaks down completely.
reactant
compound mass (g)
or product
sodium hydrogencarbonate reactant 168
carbon dioxide product 44
water product
Na2CO3 product 106

1 mark
83
(iii) How much carbon dioxide is produced when 336 g of sodium
hydrogencarbonate breaks down completely?
.............. g
1 mark
(b) The diagram below shows two other types of fire extinguisher.
contains carbon contains

dioxide gas water
To put out a fire, you have to do one or more of the following:
• keep oxygen away from the fire

• take the heat away from the fire
• take the fuel away from the fire.
The density of carbon dioxide is about 1.8 g per 1000 cm3.

The density of air is about 1.2 g per 1000 cm3.
(i) Use the information above to explain why carbon dioxide is used to put out
fires.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii) When water from the fire extinguisher is sprayed over a fire, the water
evaporates.
Why does evaporation cool the fire down?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
84
Q9.
(a) Ruth put a piece of a different metal in each of four test tubes.
She poured 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid onto each metal.
Look at the diagrams above.
(i) How do these show if a metal reacts with the acid?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) On the lines below, put the four metals in the order of how strongly they
react with the acid.
most reactive ..................................
..................................
..................................
least reactive ..................................

1 mark
(b) Choose the name of a metal from the box below to answer each question.
copper iron magnesium zinc
(i) Which metal from the box is used for electrical wires?
...................................................
1 mark
85
(ii) Which metal from the box goes rusty?
...................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q10.
(a) Reshma had a mixture of iron filings and sand. What could she use to separate the
iron filings from the mixture?
...........................................................
1 mark
(b) Reshma put 10 cm3 of water and 2 g of a different solid into each of four test-tubes.
She shook each test-tube.
The drawings show the test-tubes after 10 minutes.
Why can the salt and sugar no longer be seen in test-tubes A and C?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
86
(c) Reshma added hydrochloric acid to some pieces of limestone as shown below.
(i) Look at the diagram above. How can you tell that a gas is given off in this
experiment?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Reshma passed the gas through limewater. This showed that the gas was
carbon dioxide.
What happened to the limewater?

It stayed clear.
It turned blue.
It turned cloudy.
It turned red.
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
87
Q11.
(a) Magnesium chloride is formed when magnesium reacts with an acid.
(i) Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and this
acid.
magnesium + ...............................→ + ...............................

2 marks
(ii) Suggest why magnesium chloride can be made by mixing magnesium with
this acid but copper chloride cannot be made by mixing copper with this acid.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Copper sulphate is made by adding copper oxide to a different acid.

Give the name of the acid which is used.
..............................................................
1 mark
(c) In the table below, write the name of the compound represented by each formula.
formula name
CuSO4
MgCl2
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks
88
Q12.
Jessica was investigating the rusting of iron. She set up five experiments as shown
below, and left the test-tubes for three days.
Jessica wrote the following results in her book.
Test–tube observation
A nail slightly rusty
B nail still shiny
C nail still shiny
D nail very rusty
E nail slightly rusty, bubbles of gas seen
89
(a) Explain why the nails had not rusted in test-tubes B and C.
in test-tube B ……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………..
in test-tube C ……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………..
2 marks
(b) In test-tube E the iron nail reacted with the vinegar.
(i) Is vinegar acidic, alkaline or neutral?
………………………………….
1 mark
(ii) When the iron reacted with the vinegar, bubbles of gas were formed.
What gas was formed?
………………………………….
1 mark
(c) Before putting the iron nail in test-tube D, Jessica weighed the nail.
After three days she dried and weighed the nail and the rust which had formed.
(i) How did the total mass of the nail and rust compare to the mass of the nail
at the beginning?
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
(ii) Give the reason for your answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
(d) Jessica concluded that the presence of salt in the water made the nail rust more
quickly.
Explain why she drew that conclusion from her experiments.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks
Q13.
90
Different elements have a wide variety of properties.
The list gives some of them.
brittle
good electrical conductor
good thermal conductor
insulator
magnetic
melting point above room temperature
(a) Magnesium is a metal. Give two properties of magnesium from the list above.
1. ..................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) (i) What is the name of the compound formed when magnesium reacts
with sulphur?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Give two properties from the list above which this solid compound will not
have.
1. ..........................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
91
Q14.
Magnesium burns in air giving a very bright light.
(a) Complete the word equation below to show this reaction.
magnesium + ............................................. → ...........................................

1 mark
The diagram shows four gas-jars. Each contains a different gas. Burning
magnesium is put into each jar.
(b) In one of the gas-jars, the magnesium goes out immediately.

Name the gas in this jar.
............................................................
1 mark
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
92
Unit 9
Magnetism
Q1.
David put two bars of iron close to each other.
There was no magnetic force between them.
David recorded the result as shown below.
(a) David did three other tests.

Tick the correct box to show the result for each test.
(i)
1 mark
(ii)
1 mark
94
(iii)
1 mark
(b) David then did two experiments with magnets.
The tick in each box shows David’s results in each experiment.
Label the missing poles on each magnet to match David’s results.
(i)
1 mark
(ii)
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
95
Q2.
The diagram below shows three trolleys.
Peter put a bar magnet on each trolley.
(a) He pushed trolleys A, B and C together.
• Magnet B attracted magnet A.

• Magnet B repelled magnet C.
On the diagram above, label the north and south poles of

magnets A and C.
Use the letters N and S.
2 marks
(b) Peter turned trolley B around. Trolleys A and C were not turned around.
What would happen now when Peter pushed them all together?
Use either attract or repel to complete each sentence below.
Magnet B would .................................... magnet A.
Magnet B would .................................... magnet C.

1 mark
(c) Peter held two trolleys close together and then let go.
The magnets repelled each other.
Draw an arrow on both magnets to show which way they would move.
1 mark
96
(d) Peter took a magnet, a steel bar and an aluminium bar.
He put them on three trolleys as shown below.
(i) What happens to the steel bar as he moves it closer to the magnet?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) What happens to the aluminium bar as he moves it closer to the

magnet?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q3.
The drawings show four objects.
John tests each of the objects with the apparatus shown below.
He puts both of the wires A and B on each object to see if the bulb lights.
97
(a) Fill in the results table. Two have been done for you.
3 marks
John then tests the same objects with a magnet to see if it attracts them.
(b) Fill in the results table. Two have been done for you.
3 marks
Maximum 6 marks
98
Q4.
(a) The diagram shows two bar magnets.
The north pole and south pole are shown on magnet A. The poles are
not shown on magnet B.
Describe an experiment you could do, using magnet A, to find which

end of magnet B is the north pole and which is the south pole.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
3 marks
(b) The diagram shows a wooden truck near a wall. There is a strong magnet
fixed to the wall and a strong magnet fixed to the front of the wooden truck.
James holds the wooden truck so that it does not move.

Then he lets go of the wooden truck. In which direction will it move?
....................................................................................................................
99
1 mark
(c) James removes the magnet from the wooden truck. He gives the truck a
push so that it rolls along the table.
What effect will friction have on the speed of the truck as it rolls along?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q5.
An iron block is near some steel paper clips. The paper clips do not stick to the
iron block.
A pupil puts a magnet on top of the iron block. The paper clips stick to the
iron block and to each other.
(a) What are the magnetic poles at points A and B in the diagram?
Put one tick in each row in the table.
2 marks
100
(b) (i) The sentences below are about the force which the magnet exerts on
the iron block.
Tick the box by the one correct sentence.
The magnet attracts the iron block.
The magnet repels the iron block.
There is no magnetic force on the iron block.

1 mark
(ii) The sentences below are about the force which the magnetised iron
block exerts on the magnet.
Tick the box by the one correct sentence.
The iron block attracts the magnet.
The iron block repels the magnet.
There is no magnetic force on the magnet.

1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
101

Y8 Booklet Roots - Term 1 (Part 2)

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Year 8 Booklet (part 2)

Look at the drawing of a fish.

Describe two ways in which a fish is suited to swimming.

(b) The drawing below shows a blue whale.

Give one way mammals are different from fish.

what food they eat

how often they give birth

where they travel

the sex of the whale

(ii) Give one advantage of using a satellite tracking system to track

(a) (i) Look at the drawing of the barn owl.

Why do the young barn owls need feathers?

(c) In some forests, small branches are left on the ground.

(d) A label was printed on the back of a birthday card.

The paper for this card was

(a) Earthworms are part of the food chain shown below.

Give one reason why this might be true.

The ragworm belongs to the same group as the earthworm.

How can you tell this from the drawings?

(d) The roundworm and some flatworms are parasites.

What does this mean?

They feed only on They live in a

They feed on other

During the day waterweed gives off bubbles of oxygen.

They both use They both make their

They both move

plants → deer → wolves

(a) Which organism in the food chain is a predator?

(c) The population of wolves in the area also changed.

(i) What is likely to have happened to the number of wolves between

(a) Complete the sentences.

People could use timber from the forest for .....................................................

The cleared land can be used for ................................................................... .

Clearing forests increases the concentration of ................................................

This increase causes global .................................................................. .

(b) Clearing forests causes some species to become extinct.

(i) What is meant by extinct?

(ii) It is important to prevent species from becoming extinct.

Give one reason why.

Tom recorded what the birds in his garden ate.

Use the information in the table to answer the following questions.

(i) Tom put some pieces of fruit in his garden.

…................................................ and ...................................................

(ii) How many types of bird eat nuts?

(b) What are birds covered with to keep them warm?

(c) Many birds reproduce in the spring.

Suggest why birds need extra food in the spring.

How could an increase in the number of snails cause the caterpillar

(b) Partridges feed mainly on insects and wild plants (weeds).

How would this affect the number of foxes?

Explain your answer.

(c) Partridges build their nests on the ground among plants.

Suggest why partridges need to lay so many eggs.

(ii) Krill are small animals that eat tiny plants.

Which word describes krill in the food web?

(c) (i) Crabeater seals eat krill.

How would a decrease in the number of krill affect the number of

(ii) Look at the food web.

(a) (i) Which living thing in the web is an insect?