International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal

ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com I Volume- 2 | Issue —3
Operating System a Case Study
Sumanta Kabiraj Prof. Subhashis Kumar Chandra Anili Gupta
B.Sc. in Computer Science; Kazi Kazi Nazrul University, TDB B.Sc, in Computer Science, Kazi Nazrul
University, T.D.B College College Ranuganj, Raniganj, Nazrul University, T.DB College Raniganj, Raniganj,
West Bengal West Bengal Raniganj, Raniganj, West Bengal

ABSTRACT

System[ l], the commonly used and important resource

software and program that can run all types of is Computer Memory(RAM, ROM), Storage
Computer, Mobile phone, Hand Held Device, etc. It
An Operating System or OS is the most important complete operation or task. In Computer Operating

helps to connect and interface computer hardware to Device(HDD, FDD, SDD), CPU(Central Processing
program and application software and other common Unit), Processors and Other Input / Output Device.
essential services. The OS is initially loaded on at The computer Operating System manage and operate boot
time. Like a host, the OS acts for running and the whole computer system and above resource handling of
application programs and operation of the element and allocate them to perform a specific task hardware on the
machine, The working principle of or operation or program, In short terms, we can say OS is first to configure
then check ability to perform that the operating system is an interface that connects and then allow the program
to run. Its main purpose is the user to the system and other application software to handle the activities based on
computer hardware. - to hardware, Without an
operating system, the general The OS also provides
management of input, output and storage devices.
Mostly in a system, some different computer programs
run at the same time and they need to access CPU,
memory, and storage. In an operating system, the user
can communicate with the Command Line Interface
by typing some command, and the user receives the
response back from the system. But Modern Time
Operating system uses a graphical user interface or
GUI for easy to use. Now user can communicate with
a system using a mouse to click button, menus, and
everything is displayed on the screen using Text,
Graphics or image. It is like a bank manager-- it makes
sure that the working of application software must not
be interfered by any other activity.

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Keywords: Introduction, Type of operating system, operating
system service, security, function of
operating system, Example ofsome operating system The operating system is designed to communicate with
the user, computer system, and application
1. INTRODUCTION software.
A Computer Machine or System has the different types
ofdevice and software which are used to do a

I = -3 | Mar-Apr2018
For the easy operation of the operating system, we can see two
types ofview of every operating system.
That is—-

1. User View[2] - From the user viewpoint, the operating

system was designed to maximize the performance of work and
provide the minimal effort of the user for any operation. Such
system is designed to monetize the individual user resource. In
this case, the operating system is designed for most uses,
some attention is given to performance, and no payment is
made for the use of the resource,

2. System View[2J - From the system viewpoint, the

operating system is a hardware-based program. Operating
System assigns the allocated memory for the different
process of every resource. It shares the control resources
among the programs, And
also control the incorrect usage, error and deadlock condition. This is a
Hardware
program that always runs on the system in the form of the kernel. It controls the
application program that is not part ofthe kernel} I 3) Single User, Single Task
Operating System: In
Il. Types of Operating System this type of system, computer works on single task on - a single user at a time. The
Palm OS is the good The operating system array is being developed from example for this type of computer. the

4) Single User, Multi Task Operating System: This

system allows to work with one or more than one
1) Simple Batch Operating System: In this types of
first computer generation and with the tip period [3]

system there is no direct connection between process at same time.

computer and computer user, 3luser push a operating
data with punch type card or magnetic tape, after 5) Multi User Operating System: In these type of OS,
submitting to the operation system, operator batch system permit multiple user to access the same data or
together with their requirement then the system manage information at the same time via network or other
each program in batch and connection method the user can interact with each
execute the operation. other, Some example these is Windows 7, Linux and

2) Multiprogramming Batch System: In this types Unix.

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
of operating system, system picks the jobs from his 6) Multiprocessor System: Multiprocessor system memory,
when the job need an input and output €M)nsists many several processor to complete a operation the OS switch
another job to another job. If process. In this types of system OS provide higher the many job run on same time
the OS work on a power and speed The all process or operation in a method called Scheduling. Multiprocessor
System operate the under single OS. The best feature of this type of operating system is the performance was
enhanced, increase the system throughput, Speedup the execute of a single process,
7) Desktop System: This type of OS specially build for Desktop or Personal Computer/ Mainframe Computer.
the goals of these operating system maximize user experience; convenience and responsiveness, Windows and
Mas OS was a Desktop

8) Distributed Operating System: The Distributed Operating System. The main uses of this type of
Operating System use to multiple processor to serving operating system is shared file, printer and other device
among multiple computer on this network with
connected
via LAN,
process. PAN,
WAN or
other
network
connected
method.

10) Time
Sharing
Operating
System: lil
this types
of
operating
Activities — system
works on
more than
one
process or
task one
by one at a
time, the
multiple application and user. The processor connect or processor
communicate with each other through different divide the time was distributed among the all executed
communication method such as bus, wired connection, process or task, The processor switch rapidly between
telephone lines etc. The processor of distributed system the
are referred as sites, node, port etc.
9) Network Operating System: The network
Operating System tuns on server and provides the user
to manage data, security, application and other network
related function. The website was hosted in Network

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11) Real-time Operating Systems: A real-time system Operation: Operating System
is defined as a data processing system, the time Manage the connection between user, device and
difference for input processing and feedback is so small device driver.
that it controls the environment' The system displays
Each I/O device was operated with their Device Driver
the time-consuming information and is marked as
and Communicate with OS.
response time. So in this way, the reaction time
compared to online processing is very low.

12) Hand-held System: This time of OS specially made

for Mobile and Tablet Like Hand Held Device. The
hand-held devices have Personal Digital Assistance
with network connectivity, Hand-held device have a
limited memory and Small Power Supply, for this
reason the OS is memory and power efficient. The OS
not used virtual memory, Some hand-held have some
wireless connectivity like Bluetooth, WiFi to access
Internet and also media process like play music and
camera for expend their utility.

Ill. Operating System Service:

Operating System Provide a Service for User and
System for an environment to execute the program and
the programs in a convenient manner.
1) Program Execution: OS handle different types of
activities or Program in own system.

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a) OS provides access to required I/O device, l) Simple Batch Operating System : In this types of
system there have no direct connection between
b) Permission for reading or Write operation on any computer and computer user. [3Juser push a operating
file by I/O Device. with punch type card or magnetic tape, after submit the
3) File System Manipulation: File Means the Data, the operation system operator batch together with their
collection of information that stored on disk either requirement then the system manage each program in
secondary or primary, long time or short time uses batch and execute the operation.
purpose. Storage Media like Magnetic Disk, Magnetic 2) Multiprogramming Batch System : In this types of
Tape, Solid State Disk, and Optical Drive. operating system, system picks the jobs from his
memory, when the job need an input and output
For each media that store in Storage device having its
operation the OS switch another job to another job. If
own propefties like =
the many job run on same time the OS work on a
a) Transfer Rate, method called Scheduling.

b) Storage Capacity, 3) Single User, Single Tusk Operating System : This

type computer works on single task on a single user at
c) Transfer Speed, a time. The Palm OS is the good example for this type
d) Data access Permission (Read Only, Editable, and
of computer.
Hidden)
4) Single User, Multi Task Operating System : This
e) Data Access Method system allows to work with one or more than one

In an Operating System, File was normally stored or process at same time.

organized in the directory -or oa foldep for easy
5) Multi User Operating System . In these type of OS,
navigation and uses and find the reach of file.
system permit multiple user to access the same data or
In a Directory contain File or another directory. information at the same time via network or other
connection method the user can interact with each
Some main File Management Activities other, Some example these is Windows 7, Linux and
consists many - several processor to complete a
6) Multiprocessor System Multiprocessor system
a) Read or write a file.

b) The Communication process, one computer or one

b) Permission for operation or uses of the file,
Computer to another computer by a computer network
c) OS Provides Interface for Create, Edit or Update,
c) Communication process was accomplished by two
Delete Files and Folders or Directories,
methods, by shared memory or Message Passing.
5) Error Detection: In an operating System Error occurs
d) Its Provide Interface for Backup and Restore the anytime and anywhere—
File System.

4) Communication: Some Main activities of OS with process. In this types of system OS provide higher
respect to communication — power and speed, The all process or operation in a
Multiprocessor System operate the under single OS.
a) Two processes required to transfer data between The best feature of this type of operating system is the
them.

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
performance owas enhanced, increase the system Network Operating System. The main uses of this type
throughput, Speedup the execute of a single process, of operating system is shared file, printer and other
device among multiple computer on this network with
7) Desktop System : This type of OS specially build
device have a limited memory and Small Power 1) Program Execution: OS handle Different types of Supply,
for this reason the OS is memory and power
Activities or Program in Own System
efficient. The OS not used virtual memory. Some
hand-held have some wireless connectivity
like Bluetooth, WiFi to access Internet and
also media process like play music and camera for
expend their utility

d) Printing Process,

e) Run a Specific Program

t) Registers,
g) Code to Execute
h) Data Manipulate.
Main Program Management Activities —

a) Execute Program
b) Deadlock Handling.
c) Loads Program into Memory.

for Desktop or Personal Computer/ Mainframe connected via LAN, PAN, WAN or other network
Computer. the goals of these operating system connected method.
maximize user experience; convenience and
responsiveness, Windows and Mac OS was a Desktop 10) Time Sharing Operating System : In this types of
operating system system works on more than one
process or task one by one at a time. the processor
8) Distributed Operating System : The Distributed divide the time was distributed among the all executed
Operating System use to multiple processor to serving process or task. The processor switch rapidly between
multiple application and user. The processor connect or the process.
communicate with each other through different
communication method such as bus, wired connection, I l) Real-time Operating System real-time system is
telephone lines etc. The processor of distributed system defined as a data processing system, the time difference
are referred as sites, node, pott etc, 9) Network for input processing and feedback is so small that it
Operating System : The network Operating System controls the environment. The system displays the
manage on server and must be provide by the user to time-consuming information] and AS marked as
manage the data, security, application and other response time, So in this way, the react10 time
network related task, The website was hosted in compared to online processing is very low.

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
12) Hand-held System : This time of OS specially made d) Its Provide Interface for Backup and Restore the
for Mobile and Tablet Like Hand Held Device The File System.
hand-held device I have Personal - Digital Assistance
with network Connectivity. Hand-held Operating 4) Communication: Some Main activities of OS with
System Provide a Service for User and System for an respect to communication —
environment to execute the program and the programs a) Two processes required to transfer data between
in a convenient manner. them.
2) Input-Output Operation: Operating System Manage
the connection between user, Device and Device b) The Communication process, one computer or one
Driver.
I
Each I/O device was operated with their Device Driver
Computer to another computer by a computer network
and Communicate with OS.
a) OS provides access to required I/O device. c) Communication process was accomplished by two
methods, by shared memory or Message Passing,
b) Permission for reading or Write operation on any
5) Error Detection: In an operating System Error occurs
file by I/O Device.
anytime and anywhere, The error also may occur in
3) File System Manipulation: File Means the Data, the CPU or Input Output Device or Memory and Hardware
collection of information that stored on disk either and OS handled all the Errors.
secondary or primary, long time or short time uses
purpose, Storage Media like Magnetic Disk, Magnetic Some Major Operating System with Respect to Error -
Tape, Solid State Disk, and Optical Drive. a) The Operating System checks all the Error
For each media that store Constantly.
own properties like —
b) The OS handled and take an appropriate action to
a) Transfer Rate, detect and resolve all the errors.

b) Storage Capacity, 6) Resource Allocation: Resource like main memory,

I/O device, CPU, and Storage. All the resource
c) Transfer Speed, management by the OS and file Storage are allocated
d) Data access Permission for each and different job,
Hidden) Some main Resource Management —
e) Data Access Method
a) The OS scheduled all Qind of Resource using
In an Operating System, File was normally stored or
organized in the directory or a folder for easy
navigation and uses and find the reach of file. b) All CPU Schedulers algorithms used for better
CPU Performance and Utilization.
In a Directory contain File or another directory
7) Protection: Consider a computer System has
Some main File Management Activities multiple users with multiple processors, for that reason,
a) Read or write a file. -the various processes should be protected from each
other user, process, and Activities.
b) Permission for operation or uses of the file.
Protection is method or mechanism or way to driving
c) OS Provides Interface for Create, Edit or Update, the access of every process, program, users or resource
Delete Files and Folders or Directories. that makes a computer system.

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Some main Activities ofan operating system
a) The OS protect Input Output Device from External
invalid Access.

b) The OS authenticate the user by password or

different authentication method.

Storing any Data or Information in two methods -

1) Contiguous Storage Allocation: This is the

simplest Storage allocation technique. In this type of
allocation technique the data or any program was
allocate contiguously, Operating System was allocates
the estimate amount of memory required by complete
the process before allocation.

=3|

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2) Non - Contiguous Storage Allocation: The name 7) Secure - Secure the data of file with the use of
indicates the program and related data should not be Password and Encryption.
saved in the adjacent location; the program is distributed
5) Memory Management: Computer memory
in a different location, When a process requires an access
optimization, memory control and overall system
to the component, the OS provides access to this
assignment table when a table puts a record. Performance is known as Memory Management, In
modem computer the memory management plays an
In real life the primary memory was not sufficient for
important role in operating System[13]
any operation to store the whole program, In this reason
OS take help of Virtual Storage technique,
There are two approaches to Virtual Allocation Storage-
— Main Memory
1) Program Paging - A program is broken in fixed size
of page and stored in secondary memory. The page is Phy
given by the OS as logical or virtual address from O to ae c addresses
sica
n. A method called Page table is used to lead the maps l
from logical to physical address which is used to retrieve MMU
the page when required IO
M
2) Program Segment A program IS divided into small Virtual
logical segment, assigned logical address from O to n
M
and stored in secondary memory.ù\ method call segment U
table is used to lead segment from secondary memory to De
primary memory rch addres CPU
vic
The ses:
e
Operating System are used both of Virtual Storage
allocation to store on computer in form of files to Devi
optimize the memory uses. A large program patt by
different segment into page or more the one segment ce
may be stored in a single page. computer systems have two types ofmemory -
4) File Management: File is mainstream of a computer. 1) Primary Memory - Primary Memory is a fast or
Data or information stored in computer in a file. The direct memory, It's also expensive memory, Primary
user keeps their data safely and correctly in a file that's Memory is used to run the executed programs and
important for and OS, The management of file system service and stored in a specific memory location
and work with file is known as or called as 6) Sharing - temporary. It's also be known as Main Memory. RAM,
Sharing the created file to Different System. ROM, and Cache Memory were Primary Memory.

File Management. 2) Secondary Memory - Secondary memory is less

The File management required some tools or operation 4) Delete - Delete the created File,
to work with file. 5) Recover - Recover the Deleted or corrupted File.
1) Create - Create a New file for storing data or expensive but slower memory as Primary Memory. The
user store data and information stored in secondary
Information.
memory. Common secondary memory was Hard Disk
2) Update - Update some information of old created Drive, Solid State Drive, Optical Disk, Pen Drive etc.
file.
3) Read - Open and read the data of a created file.

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
To maintain a balance between the OS to ensure that network windows for work with
the performance of the system is not damaged due to workgroup for aimed to
very early primary memory or system expenditure. business.

Need to maintain intermediate access and recovery Windows also provide network server for hosting,
functionality for high system performance input and many website and web server was lun with windows.
output data, user instmctions and performance Approx 90% [231Computer run in windows.
information. Once program requests are accepted, as
per the requirement, it allocates pnmary and secondary Some Famous Windows Operating System[ Tl Versions

I Issue — 3 1
storage areas. Once the infection is completed, the a) Windows 10
allocated memory space is free. Using a storage
management strategy to keep all storage space b) Windows 8.1 or 8
allocated or free the allocation, c) Windows Home Sewer
6) Device Management: The operating system d) Windows Server 2008
interacts with the peripheral device with specific device
driver software for peripheral control. In a Computer e) Windows 7
the device management system is a very small
t) Windows Vista
embedded system and device management routines
may be included in Operating System. g) Windows XP
When many process in operating system access the h) Windows 2000
device or request for access to the device, the operating
system manage all device in a specific way that i) Windows NT
paftially shares that device and operate the among all
j) Windows NIE (Windows Millennium
process. Process Access device operate by a method
Edition)
call System Call Interface ad its interface provide by
the OS, k) Windows 98
VI. Examples of Some Operating System: l) Windows 95
The some common operating was found for personal m) Windows 3.0 - 3.1
computer. The three most used and most common
Operating System was build for n) Windows 1.0 - 2.0
Personal User and Personal o) Ms-Dos
Computer.
2) Mae OS: Mac OS (Macintosh Operating System) is
The Operating System is- a Graphical Operating SystemlIS]lt
was developed by Apple Inc. It's a Unix
1) Microsoft Windows: The most useable personal
Family Operating System.
Computer and Home Computer Operating System[211 iPhone
It was made and Market placed by Windows. The Ond it's the primary or main operating
Operating System was fully closed source. It's a GUI system of Apple's Stuck on Apple
Operating System, In Windows Logo Family. It's used on Laptop, Desktop and
includes various types of home computer,
greater functionality like native
File Manager, Program Manager. Some Famous Mac OS versions are 8]
It has dynamic interface. W
indows offered including a) Version 10.13: "High Sierra"

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
b) Version 10, 12: "Sierra" All this operating System was made first time in CLI
(Coding Line Platform and modern
c) Version 10. I l: "El Capitan" Operating System use GUI (Graphical User
t
d) Version 10.10: 'Yosemite"

e) Version 10.9' "Mavericks" The Some Operating System that found On Mobile or
Handheld Device[27J
f) Version 10.8: "Mountain Lion"
1) Android: Android is a Famous Mobile Operating
g) Version 10.7: "Lion"
System that is developed by Google. The Android OS
h) Version 10.6: "Snow Leopard" work on Mobile
Wear e Device,
i) Version 10.5, "Leopard" Television, Projector,
j) Version 10.4: "T iger"

k) Version 10.3: "Panther"

l) Version 10.2: t'Jåguar"

m) Version 10.1' "Puma"
n) Version 10,0: "Cheetah"
o) Public Beta: "Kodiak"
3) Linux: Its Provide By Linux Distribution. Linux is a
Open Source Operating System, Open Source Operating
System means anyone can be modified, change
anything[lOl Distributed by any one in whole world

netdata
and
can use it free.
Some Linus OS for Web Servers -
a) Ubuntu Server
b) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
c) CentOS
d) SUSE Entetprise Linux'

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Tablet, and Car Variant Types of Device. This
arD*0D android is an open

Its different from Proprietary Software like i source software and its build on Linux Kernel[ 141
Windows(Owner - Microsoft) and Mac (Owner - Today almost 70% Mobile uses Android.
Apple), which can only modified, distributed by only the own company. The advantages of Linux is
its2) iOS: iOS is also known as iPhone OS, The iOS totally free, many I distributors$ found differentmobile
operating system was created and developed versions that anyone choose from it.by Apple Inc. exclusively for
his own device
Hardware. The operating System also runs on iPad, The Most Wèb Server and Wèbsite are
Running on Apple Watch and Also some Apple Device I20] Linux OS because it's relatively easy to edit.
3) BlackBerry OS: BlackBerry OS is a mobile Some
Well-Known Linux Distribution Operating Operating System developed by BlackBerry Limited for its own
BlackBerry Linear Smart-phone or Other System for Personal Computer - BlackBerry Hand-held Device[ l

a) Ubuntu 4) Symbian: Symbian was a mobile operating System that's specially designed for Smaft-phone
and it's also b) Kali-Linux known as Nokia Symbian OS. Itis a close source c) Linux Mint Operating
System.

d) Fedora 5) WebOS: webOS is also built in Linux kamel;it's a Multitasking Operating System. The
webOS was e) Debian developed by Palm Inc and next it's acquired by HP
Now it is an Open Source Operating System. The
f) OpenSUSE Operating system was run on Smart phone and smart TV[19J
g) Deepin
h) Red-Hat 6) Windows OS: It is developed by Microsoft
Corporation and runs on Computer, Specially made an

I Issue = 3 |

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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Operating System for Mobile that run on Microsoft http://www.renewablepcs.com/aboutlinux/advanta ges-
Mobile. of-using-linux
7) KaiOS: Itlsan Open source operating system from I l Security http : //w indowsvs Iinux ikidot.com/#toc4
Firefox Organization. It is a web based operating 12. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/
system. It is made for smart-phone with the affordable os security.htm
features of phone, Today KaiOS support 4G service. 13. Memory Management https :
KaiOS was run on Reliance Jio Provide Jio-Phone. Men.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_manageme nt
Vll. CONCLUSION 14, Android OS Wiki
https•//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android (operating_
In the same way, the computer OS controls your system)
desktop, a mobile operating system is a software
program that control your mobile phones, tablets, 15. Mac OS X
ipads. Some well known operating systems are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS

So, we can easily conclude that operating system 18. BlackBerry OS plays an important role in our everyday
lives. We can https • //www.techopedia.com/de finition/2 5196/bla also say that a computer without an operating
system rial ckberxy-os is just like a human body without heart. Therefore, operating system is an essential
part of our living n 19. WebOs bOS
Android, Windows, Black berry, and iOS, These all 16. Function Of Operating https : //www.tutorial
runs on mobiles or tablets. The mobile OS is spoint.com/operating_system/ os overview-htm
responsible for determining the functions and features
available on your device such as keyboards, thumb wheel,
17, File Management
synchronize with applications such as email, text
http://www.includehelp.com/operatingsystems/file
messaging and more. It will also determine that which
-management-functions.aspx
extra mobile apps can be used on your device. 10,
4.
os_types.htm
5. https ://www ,
Introduction studytonight.com/operatingsystem/types-of-os
http://openbookproject.net/courses/intr02ict/syste
nulos 6. https ://www.gc
flearnfree.org/computerbasics/unde rstanding-
https operating-systems/l/
system/introduction-operating-
7. Windows Version
https://en,wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft
https Windows
system. 8. Mac OS X Version
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS version hist
REFERENCES:
ory
I
9. Windows VS Linux
http://windowsvslinux.wikidot.com/
http•//whatis.techtarget.com/definition/we
2.
20. iOS

3. https
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-ios1994355
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 International JOurnal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
21. Windows OS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft Windows
22 Dhotre, I-A, (2009), Operating Systems. Technical
Publications.
23. OS Statistics
https://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers o
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24, GUI os
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ating-system-interface-design-between- 198 1
2009/
25. CLI OS
http://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/defi
niti on/command- I ine-interface-CLI
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cli-vs-graphical-user-interface-guiA
27, Handheld Device
http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/defi
nition/handheld

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