COE110 – Laboratory

Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Laboratory5-6
(INTRODUCTION TO REVOLVE AND CIRCULAR PATTERN)

OBJECTIVES:
• Describe the concept of circular patterns and their significance in creating
repetitive geometric shapes.
• Understand the required input parameters such as axis of revolution, profile
to revolve, and angle of revolution.
• Apply the revolve command to create common geometric shapes such as
spheres, cones, and cylinders.
Apply learned concepts and techniques to solve design challenges and
optimize workflow efficiency.

Materials Needed

1. PC with AutoCAD

BASIC CONCEPTS

Below is a sample drawing showing 2 different revolved objects (lamp and lampshade). It will also
be your goal in this lesson to duplicate similar objects.

AutoCAD gives you two commands for those times when you need to draw cylindrical objects. One
(revsurf) will give you a complex model comprised of a 3-D surface made up of many facets. The
other (revolve) will give you a solid object. The method that you use will once again depend on
what you need it for.

Take a look at the lamp on this page. This is an example of two different types of objects requiring
two types of object construction. The lampshade is a 'hollow' object. Essentially, it's just a surface.
The lamp base is a solid object. The REVSURF command was used to create the lampshade, while
the REVOLVE command was used to create the base. It's not the greatest looking lamp ever, so in
this lesson, you'll be designing a lamp base and a lampshade.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Begin a new drawing using the acad.dwt template.

TRY ME

Create 2 layers called SHADE and BASE and give them different colors.

Make BASE your current layer.

Start the polyline command. Begin the profile for your lamp base. Use Ortho mode to draw a a
backwards "" shape with the vertical line 10 units up and the horizontal lines can be whatever you
like (you're the designer now).

Next draw a spline to connect the two ends of your polyline using Osnaps.

Hint, when ending the spline command, you will be asked for the start and end tangency - choose
the endpoint just to the right of your ends in the vertical line.

Draw a short vertical line as shown in step 3 (make sure Ortho mode is ON).

Make SHADE your current layer Draw a short-angled line as shown in step 4 (this is the beginning
of the shade.)

Make sure BASE your current layer. Start the REGION command and create a region from the lines
that makeup the base. Don't include the vertical line at the top.

You have drawn everything you need for this lesson and will use modifying commands to complete
the lesson.

First, you'll create the lampshade. Before you do this, though, you'll have to set two of AutoCAD's
system variables (SURFTAB1 & SURFTAB2). These variables control how many facets you'll have in
your surface. The default is 6, which will give you a very chunky looking shade (like a hexagon
instead of a circle). The number you pick will also influence how fast your computer can display the
object as well as how round the shade will appear. The sample on the previous page had the
SURFTAB1 variable set to 24 to give the lamp 24 sides.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

To change these, type in SURFTAB1 at the command prompt enter 24. AutoCAD will show you the
current setting and give you a chance to reset it. Set the variable and then set SURFTAB2 enter 2
for this variable. Since the vertical shape is a straight line, you only a setting of 2 (the minimum).

Now you're ready to create the lampshade. Start the REVSURF (Revolve Surface) command. You
will be asked to select the object to revolve. This is the line that represents the lampshade. Then
you are asked to select the axis of revolution. Pick the vertical line that you drew up from the base
profile. Accept the defaults of 0 for the start angle and 360 for the included angle. This will rotate
your line a full 360 degrees.

Command: REVSURF
Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=24 SURFTAB2=2
Select object to revolve: <pick the lampshade line>
Select object that defines the axis of revolution: <pick the vertical line>
Specify start angle <0>: <ENTER>
Specify included angle (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: <ENTER>

You'll see that the lampshade looks like a lampshade now. Use 3DOrbit to view it.

Revolve

Next you will create the base. Start the REVOLVE command. You'll be asked to select objects. Pick
the region for the lamp base. Next, you're asked to select the axis of rotation. With your endpoint
Osnap on, pick the top and bottom of the vertical line. Accept the default of <full circle> for the
angle of revolution. This will revolve the profile around the vertical line 360 degrees and create a
solid object.

Command: REV REVOLVE

Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Select objects: <SELECT THE REGION> 1 found
Select objects: <ENTER>
Specify start point for axis of revolution or
define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)] <OBJECT>: <ENTER>
Select an object: <SELECT THE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE THE BASE>
Specify angle of revolution <360>: <ENTER>

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Viewing Your Lamp

For the next few lessons, you should switch to the 3D basics workspace if you haven't already. Look
for the icon in the bottom right of the AutoCAD screen.

Use the HIDE (HI) command to see that you really have 3D objects and that the shade blocks the
top part of the base.

If you switch to your SW Isometric view, you'll see that the lamp is ‘on its side'. To arrange it to be
sitting on its base, you will have to use the ROTATE3D command. Begin the command by typing
ROTATE3D and select the objects that you want to modify and press enter. By accepting to default
of 2points, you are going to tell AutoCAD what axis you want the lamp rotated about. Pick the
points as shown in the example below. Make sure you have your Osnaps (Quadrant) on. Refer to
the right hand rule for the correct rotation angle.

Command: ROTATE3D
Current positive angle: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: <PICK OBJECTS> 2 found
Select objects: <ENTER>
Specify first point on axis or define axis by
[Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: <PICK POINT 1>
Specify second point on axis: <PICK POINT 2>
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: 90 <ENTER>

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

RIGHT HAND RULE

In AutoCAD, as in other 3D modeling and drafting software, the right-hand rule is a convention used
to establish the orientation of coordinate systems and determine the positive directions of axes in
three-dimensional space. It helps users maintain consistency and accuracy when working with 3D
objects and models.

Here's how the right-hand rule is typically applied in AutoCAD:

1. Coordinate System Orientation:

• The right-hand rule dictates the orientation of the Cartesian coordinate system in
AutoCAD's 3D space.
• When you extend your right hand with your thumb pointing in the positive
direction of the X-axis, your index finger in the positive direction of the Y-axis, and
your middle finger in the positive direction of the Z-axis, your fingers curl in the
direction of positive rotation around the axis.

2. Positive Directions:
• Following the right-hand rule, the positive direction of the X-axis is typically from
left to right, the positive direction of the Y-axis is from bottom to top, and the
positive direction of the Z-axis is from back to front.
• This convention helps users establish consistent orientations and alignments when
creating and manipulating 3D objects.

3. Rotations:
• When rotating objects or components in AutoCAD, the right-hand rule is applied
to determine the positive direction of rotation around the X, Y, and Z axes.
• For example, if you rotate an object about the Z-axis in a counterclockwise
direction when viewed from the positive direction of the Z-axis, it follows the right-
hand rule.

4. Alignments and Transformations:

• Users can align objects, components, and coordinate systems in AutoCAD by
applying the principles of the right-hand rule.
• This ensures that elements are positioned and oriented consistently and accurately
within the 3D space of the drawing or model.

In summary, the right-hand rule in AutoCAD serves as a guide for establishing coordinate system
orientations, determining positive directions of axes, and applying rotations and transformations
in 3D space. Adhering to this convention helps maintain clarity, consistency, and accuracy in the
creation and manipulation of 3D geometry within the software.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

TRY ME:

Create this wineglass by drawing this outline and revolving it.

TRY ME

Create this tire by by drawing this profile and revolving it along the centre line.

For other convenience see the tutorial here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0w5W1evdrfw

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

HANDS -ON (Exercise)

Revolve Focus

The Revolve command in AutoCAD 3D is used to create a 3D solid or surface by sweeping the object
through its axis at a predefined angle.

The paths and objects that can be revolved are:

Planar
Non-planar
Open
Closed
Solid
Surfaces
Circles
Arcs

The positive direction of rotation is determined by the right-hand thumb rule. We can rotate the
object with respect to X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. We are required to use polyline to create a base for
revolve command. We can either join the lines or segments before revolving.

Note: For better understanding, try to make the base to revolve in TOP view control. Consider the
below image:

Let's understand with few examples.

Example 1: To revolve with respect to X, Y, or Z-axis. Consider the below 2D object:

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Make sure to activate the ortho mode. The above object is drawn in SE Isometric Mode.
The above object was first joined. Place the UCS icon on the object. The steps are listed below:

1. Create the above figure.

2. Select Revolve icon from the ribbon panel, as shown below:

Or Type REV or revolve on the command line or command prompt and press Enter.

3. Select the object to revolve with a small square cursor, as shown below:

4. Press Enter.

5. Specify the X, Y, or Z axis.

If X-axis is selected:

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

If Z-axis is selected:

6. Press Enter.

7. Specify angle of revolution.

8. Press Enter.

To revolve according to the axis line, follow the below steps:

1. Type REV or revolve on the command line or command prompt and press Enter.

2. Select the object to revolve with a small square cursor, as shown below:

3. Press Enter.

4. Specify axis start point of the object to be revolved.

5. Specify axis endpoint.

6. Specify angle of revolution

If the specified angle = 30, the object will look like the below image:

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

If the specified angle = 360, the object will look like the below image:

If the specified angle is 95, the object will look like the below image:

7. Press Enter.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

To revolve as a surface, follow the below steps:

1. Type REV or revolve on the command line or command prompt and press Enter.

2. Type M or mode on the command line < press Enter.

3. Type Surface or S on the command line < press Enter.

4. Select the object to revolve with a small square cursor, as shown below:

5. Press Enter.

6. Specify axis start point of the object to be revolved.

7. Specify axis endpoint.

8. Specify angle of revolution.

If the specified angle = 30, the object will look like:

9. Press Enter.

We can easily notice the difference between the surface and solid.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Example 2:

The base is created in 2D TOP view control.

Consider the below object:

Change TOP view control to SE Isometric, as shown below:

Apply Revolve command and specify the start and end axis. Specify angle = 360.

The object will appear as:

Other view of the object is shown below:

You can modify the angle value according to the requirements.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Example 3:

The base is created in 2D TOP view control.

Consider the below object:

Change TOP view control to SE Isometric, as shown below:

Apply Revolve command and specify the start and end axis. Specify angle = 360.

The object will appear as:

Other view of the object is shown below:

You can modify the angle value according to the requirements.

Similarly, we can create many objects.

The views of the object can also be adjusted by the Orbit command.

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

ANOTHER EXAMPLE. Try this one.

Nut and Bolt

Here, we will create a Nut and Bolt in AutoCAD 3D.

Below is the object:

The steps to create the above figure are listed below:

1. Draw a hexagon of radius 20.

2. Draw a circle of radius 10. The center points of hexagon and circle are the same.
3. Draw a circle circumscribing the hexagon of radius 20, as shown below:

4. Select the Extrude Now, extrude the inner circle and hexagon with a height of 20.
5. Select the Subtract command and subtract circle from the hexagon, as shown below:

6. Extrude the outer circle with a height of 20.

7. Select the Fillet command and apply a fillet of radius 3 on the upper and lower edge of
the outer circle, as shown below:

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

8. Select the Intersect command and select both the created solids < press Enter, as shown
below:

Change the view control to TOP.

9. Select the Helix command < specify the center as the center of the inner circle < specify
the base radius of 10 < specify top radius 10 < specify number of turns 10 < specify helix
height 20 < press Enter.

Change the view control again to SW Isometric.

10. Draw the circle of radius 0.6 anywhere on display < select the sweep command < select
the circle of radius 0.6 and press Enter < select helix and press Enter.
The object will now appear as:

11. Now, again draw the figure shown in step 3:

12. Select the Extrude command < Extrude the inner circle with the height of 60 and
outer hexagon with height 20.
13. Extrude the outer circle with a height of 20.
14. Select the Fillet command and apply a fillet of radius 3 on the upper and lower edge of
the outer circle.
15. Select the Intersect command and select both the hexagon and outer circle< press Enter.
An image will appear as shown below:

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

16. Select the Helix command < specify the center as the center of the inner circle < specify
the base radius of 10 < specify top radius 10 < specify number of turns 10 < specify helix
height -40 (in downward direction) < press Enter.
17. Draw the circle of radius 0.6 anywhere on display < select the sweep command < select
the circle of radius 0.6 and press Enter< select helix and press Enter, as shown below:

18. Select subtract < subtract helix from the inner circle, as shown below:

Both Nut and Bolt will now appear as:

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 COE110 – Laboratory
Manual PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO – College of Engineering

Laboratory Exercise

Layout the Figure and produce the 3D ISO. Show “Rotate” for presentation. Units is in “inches”.

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