RUSMAT.

E111: Calculus-II
Problem Set 1
Definition. Let f : ( a, b) ! R be a function and c 2 ( a, b). f is said to be differentiable at c if
f (c + h) f (c)
limh!0
h
exists, and in that case this limit is called as derivative at the point c, denoted by f 0 (c).
(1) Let f : ( a, b) ! R and c 2 ( a, b). If f is differentiable at c, then prove that f is also
continuous at c. Further, give an example to show that the converse need not be true. -
E-S
(2) State what does it mean to say that f : ( a, b) ! R is not differentiable.
-
(3) Using the definition of differentiation, check whether the following functions f : R !
R are differentiable at 0 and find their derivative at 0 if that is the case.
(a) f ( x ) = x n for a natural number n.
(b) f ( x ) = | x |
(c) f ( x ) = x1/3
(
1/x if x 6= 0,
(d) f ( x ) =
0 if x = 0.
W (4) Let f : R ! R be differentiable. Choose the correct options among the following.

en:f(x)=feen
(a) If f is an even function, then f 0 is also an even function.
(b) If f is an even function, then f 0 is an odd function.
(c) If f is an odd function, then f 0 is also an odd function.
(d) If f is an odd function, then f 0 is an even function.
Further, find the counter examples for each of the wrong options.
v (5) Find a twice differentiable function f such that f 0 6= f but f 00 = f .
(6) (Product and chain rule) Find the derivative of:
(a) f ( x ) = 3e 3x
( /(1 + x ) (at x = 1) f(x) =

x2 sin(1/x ) if x 6= 0
N
(7)
(b) f ( x ) =

(Leibnitz rule)
0
Find the
if x = 0
second
(at x = 0) T

derivative of e 2x (2x + 5)3 . filk-

> I
22x12x3573
-
=

[
3
(8) (Inverse function) Given that the function f ( x ) = x + 2x + 1 for x 2 R has an inverse
f 1 on R, find the value of ( f 1 )0 (y) at the points corresponding to x = 0, 1, 1.
(9) (Implicit differntiation) Let f be a differentiable function with respect to variable x and
df
f ( x )2 e x f ( x) = 9e 3 x2 . Find the derivative dx at ( x, f ( x )) = ( 1, 3).
(10) Use intermediate value property (IVP) and Rolle’s theorem to show that the function
v f : R ! R defined by f ( x ) = x4 + 2x3 2 has a unique root in the open interval (0, 1).
y = (x y
2
-

(11) Let K > 0 and let f : R ! R satisfy the condition | f ( x ) f (y)|  K | x y| for all
x, y 2 R. Show that f is continuous at every point c 2 R. (Such functions are called as
Lipschitz continuous, named after Rudolf Lipschitz).
(12) Assume that f is defined as in the question above, i.e., f is Lipschitz continuous. Show,
by an example, that f need not be differentiable. Further, show, by an example, that a
continuous differentiable function need not be Lipschitz continuous.

E
de IR
/very f ( d)
>
- IR c,

Clogse-logy)
:
Exercise
<
: ,

continuity
it Lipschitz
does not hold .
 ce(a b)
② f: (a b)
,
>
-
R is
differentiable at ,
if
f(c) exists
him
a)
-

h+ 0
-

negative
-
I
Let be

+
h
h
-
=

f(c)
him t
-

LHD I

hy
-O -

hy

-lin
fif(c-h)
h,
o he

hi
positive
.
a
h is
let
(Cth) -
f(c)
lim +
-
RHD =

h- 0 h
I

Differentiable at
a mean

(atc)
④ LHD & RUD
,
should exist .

② LUD = RHD .

RHD
-
at
c mean Deither LHD or

differcutable

L
Not
not exist
does

exist then LHD FRUD -

LUD & RHD

② If
,
 [
&70
③ (d) Y if
f(x)
Loss
=
·

x 0
if
= .

↑
O

L
#-
Continuity f(c) / = 0

him(f(x)
-

15 15

I
+

*
-

de C L

i
- - 1-15 O < 1015

f(-1") < f (0) f(1))

Her
<

-
15

- 10<Ok
O
-

x FO

E
Y ,

f(x) =

0 x = 0
,

that f is

I
Check using
E-6
definition *
continuous at x = .
0 -
not

7 870 such that

f ESO

3
of
,

Continuely at
--

fiR-R REIR
C
and Ix- c <6 => If(x) -A/E .

#E3O 7830 sit .

fil-IR at O :
-
,

0/
-
& ER and /2/ < 8 => It - E .
E
 -
16 x
=
(*) <E .

Fix E =
w (Exercise)

④ function
Even :
f(x) = cosc

-
Since
Old function
:
f(x) =

whichis neither ene

IR-IR
function of :

e
·

Ex)2 even

f(x)
=

- x add

C
f(x) =

- even
x) C

f(x) f)
=
=
=
E

- -

neither ever, nor

flas odd .

x x
7x)2 + 7 x)
-

f( -
x) =

f( 1) 1 1
3
= 0

E
-
- =

f()) 2 =

f() F f()
f(l) #f (+)
-

,
 be function
.

④ lit fila,b) >

- R an even

ut <- (a , b)

↳ kte
.

(c)
him
f'(c) =

h = 0 I
zu

f) c)
f(Cth)
-

↑ -

e
lim
f( c) = en
f( x)

·
L
-

h> 0
f(x)
-

3
f( >
(+ k))
-

=
him f( -

h 0 =

f(c +) -

him f(c-h)
-

f(c)
-- -
k= 0
~ h

f'() when f is an even function

.

f ) = -

function
.
odd
arbitrary f
is an
Since < is ,

f(x)
-

f(-x) 2x
-
=

f'(u)
= -

f(x) -
= 2x

odd
even

since
f(x) =
-

f(x) = cosk
-sin(-x) f (x)
f '( 2)
- .
=

f(x) =

since
e f(u) = casse
even
 et
③ f(x) =

- -KERR
eff(x)
.

f(x) = -

fet) f(x)
-

= e = .

f(x)
-
=

Be
at 1

=
x
(a) f(x)
=

O
-

3x ( + 2)
-
& (3pBU) 3e de
1 + x) dx
-

f(x) = - -

(1
+ x)

sin() if 2+ 0

(b) f(x)
[
= if x = 6

2xsin(π) cos(t) (ii))

f(x)
-

E
=

2+.
cos(t)
Ezesin()
+

#(0) :
 lin flo) =him int)
#oth)
-
- 0

f) =

2- 0 e -0
2
h

=
lim
h = 0
-)
&
-
= 0

-
·
sin (2) L
-n

I
An 0 .

i bein
a
=

lesin) ⑫

_lin
o
eim O
he 0 O
=
/I
=
O

:Resbengekaise
=
3x + 3
I ·
-

Cef2- g
[f(x) g(x))"
=
·

ig
E
If
+ 2f'g + if it
(f(x) g(x) Y

(2x 3)3
2x
+
2
 RUSMAT.E111: Calculus-II
Problem Set
Definition. Let f : ( a, b) ! R be a function and c 2 ( a, b). f is said to be differentiable at c if
f (c + h) f (c)
limh!0
h
exists, and in that case this limit is called as derivative at the point c, denoted by f 0 (c).
-(1) Let f : ( a, b) ! R and c 2 ( a, b). If f is differentiable at c, then prove that f is also
continuous at c. Further, give an example to show that the converse need not be true.
(2) State what does it mean to say that f : ( a, b) ! R is not differentiable.
(3) Using the definition of differentiation, check whether the following functions f : R !
R are differentiable at 0 and find their derivative at 0 if that is the case.
(a) f ( x ) = x n for a natural number n.
(b) f ( x ) = | x |
(c) f ( x ) = x1/3
(
1/x if x 6= 0,
- (d) f ( x ) =
0 if x = 0.
(4) Let f : R ! R be differentiable. Choose the correct options among the following.
(a) If f is an even function, then f 0 is also an even function.
(b) If f is an even function, then f 0 is an odd function.
(c) If f is an odd function, then f 0 is also an odd function.
(d) If f is an odd function, then f 0 is an even function.
Further, find the counter examples for each of the wrong options.
(5) Find a twice differentiable function f such that f 0 6= f but f 00 = f .
(6) (Product and chain rule) Find the derivative of:
(a) f ( x ) = 3e 3x
( /(1 + x ) (at x = 1)
x2 sin(1/x ) if x 6= 0
(b) f ( x ) = (at x = 0)
0 if x = 0
(f") (y) =

)
(7) (Leibnitz rule) Find the second derivative of e2x (2x + 5)3 .
(8) (Inverse function) Given that the function f ( x ) = x3 + 2x + 1 for x 2 R has an inverse
f 1 on R, find the value of ( f 1 )0 (y) at the points corresponding to x = 0, 1, 1.
(9) (Implicit differntiation) Let f be a differentiable function with respect to variable x and
df
f ( x )2 e x f ( x) = 9e 3 x2 . Find the derivative dx at ( x, f ( x )) = ( 1, 3).
(10) Use intermediate value property (IVP) and Rolle’s theorem to show that the function
v f : R ! R defined by f ( x ) = x4 + 2x3 2 has a unique root in the open interval (0, 1).

x, y 2 R. Show that-
C
(11) Let K > 0 and let f : R ! R satisfy the condition | f ( x ) f (y)|  K | x y| for all
f is continuous at every point c 2 R. (Such functions are called as
Lipschitz continuous, named after Rudolf Lipschitz).
(12) Assume that f is defined as in the question above, i.e., f is Lipschitz continuous. Show,
by an example, that f need not be differentiable. Further, show, by an example, that a
continuous differentiable function need not be Lipschitz continuous.

Differentiable function f(x) = x2

-
fiR-IR

-Kost -
(f(x) f(y) <(x-yfx
- , yEIR
fi
a ,
be M
z

(a , b) - R -
|x -

y2/ = Not
in
Lipschitz
the domain
y)/b + b) (R -

k y2 -(2
· -

acb
-
-

(13) (Q.12 variation) Find a function f : ( a, b) ! R where a, b 2 R such that f is differen-

tiable but not Lipschitz continuous.
f(x) tank
-

- =
.

(14) Check whether the following functions f : R ! R are differentiable at the specified
point and find their corresponding derivative if differentiable.
(a) f ( x ) = x | x 1| at x = 1
(b) f ( x ) = x | x | at x = 0
(c) f ( x ) = | x 2| + | x + 2| at x = 2
|x|
(d) f ( x ) = 1+| x|
at x = 0
(15) Find the intervals at which the function f : R ! R defined by f ( x ) = 2x (1 x ) is
monotonically increasing and decreasing.
(16) (First derivative test for local maximum/minimum) Check whether f ( x ) = ( x 1)4 and
f ( x ) = x3 3x2 + 3x 2 have a local extremum (maximum or minimum) at x = 1.

I-
IR
(I , 2)
>
-

- f :

e
·

-
fite / f(x) -
f(y)) = 155
u
-
5y) _> -
un
12-1

/C(x -y)
-
-

15-syl 20 1 2

#
=

fi(0)
f(x) = Tank
>
- I ·i m
If ( 1) of
k > 0

flo))
- -

I
=

f()
Itan (E-RD) < /
-

=
-h
-0 I
-

o /E M
< a
-

-
2 0
, 02
tan(-2) >
- x .
 Eke if xto o
(3)(d)

[
0 .

f(x) =

at x= 0
differentiable
·

Check whether f is

at 2 0
. :

continuous
Claims
- is &
I
fi( , b)
+

5 800 St.
f E70
continuity at 2 C ?
If(x) -flc
=
,
-
.

=>
-

- < 6
and (x C/ -

xE(a b) , -
--
-
-
sit .
S3O
at 2 = C
: -E30 ,

Not continuous but

-
=> xE(a b) ,
st .
(x-c5
(f(x) -
f(c)/ > E .

d
=

I
↳
t 0 <
↳ 8 < 2 -

"
-
Go..

↳
S
/x 0 -

=> (x) < S <2 O

0
-

- +
>
kef
E
I flask +
↑
=

=>

S
let
:E 2 = .

T
X
1 fil) / It 1 ** =
=

-
 L
(a , b) -R
differentiable at x =

(D) let fi be
c
continuous at
1 =

To show : f is
-

at <
differentiable
x =

M is
(a b)
-

fi ,

h) f(c) exists and

f( c
-

-lin
In
h- 0
equal to f (c)
f(x)
him
=>
f')
=
h
ke
one
(c) f'()
2 -> 0 => >
- .

# 7 870 sit

# f'(2)/2
EXO
-f()
,

6
14/
-

<

show that
need to
for continuity ,
we

t <E(a, b) ,
7 870
-

S
V23O
.

E↳
,

=> (f(x) f(c)Kd

.

c
-

6
& 12-

7630 Stlcth-K/S

E
+ Exo ,

If (4th) f(c) /
-
< E .

6 # Eso ,
7 830s i t

=>
·

I
InkS
f(cen) f(x)
-
< .

R= C
Let So = .
1 Since f is differentiable at ,

-830 sit
 1 =
I-f(c) f'()/ - < <+

12)/Ef() -f'k))
= < +

+x y)
-121/f (a)
14 Ins-f(x)
(y) e
-

<
(x) -

=>

2) f()) < (H) (1 + If'(c)))

(f(
.
-
+

~ Th
--
fixed
-
-

continuity let > 0

.
for
7
,
6
360
-
min
& , ,
and
=

5,
=
ht
T
=

There (h) < 8

let 12) < .
8 ,

It's
E

=> If (cth) f(c))

-
<
IH)

< 8
,
(I + H'D

-
:
(TH'G)
H's)
= E. ↑
③ fix)"exfix) =
ge - S (x f(x))
-
11
,

.
(11 , 3)

f at point -

f(x)
2exf(x) ge x2 =

*
((f(x)) exf(x))
< (ge
=
ofm -
-

(c)
exf(x) (f(x)) ex+(2) (f(x)
+ x

f(x) +'k)
+
2
=
ge (2x)
3
(3-f()
f'(m) E + 9 .
92 3(2 ( )
.

2 3
.
:
.

Divide 32
by ,

-
f(x) = - 6
2 f(x) +

6
f(x) - 9
-
=
-

15
f(x)
-
=
-

7
f(x)
L
= /5
.
⑭

+
24 - 2
f(x) = x +

be continuous over /R
.

IVP : Let f
fiR-IR
Then A < E (f(a) f(b))
,

a bER , ↑

be
f(b)
.

,
f(x) < C <

=> dela b) ,
sit-f(d) = =

#
C
-
flo) 0 + 0 -2
=
=

/
f() 2 =
=
1+ 2 -

c =
0f(f(0) f(l) 1
,

2
- "
from TVP ,
Edel0 , 1) sit :

f(d) = 0 ·

(0 , 2) St
I point say
&E
more
Let one ,

f(c) = 0 .

1) and C+ 4 ·

where C, C,
+ 10 ,
#(c) f (c)) =
= 0

is continuous in [a , b]
Rolle's therem : f
-

differentiable in (a , b)
f is
 If f(c)
=
f(<) ,
then JecK 4) ,

·
sit f'(e) = 0
: .

10 , 1) and C + 4
where C 4 <

f(c) =
f (c) = 0 ,

Rolle's theorem , 7 ec (44) <(0 , 6)

By
(WLO6 assume

(4)

sitf'(e) = 0 .

: f(x) =
x
+
+ 243 -
2

6x2 xE(0 , !)
4x + >0
f(x) =

assumption
-

contradition . Thus our

This
,

gives
a

which
in domain (0 , 1) at
two points the

HD
f(x) is O -
 ↳
Spoit
l I · f'()
C = .
0

- -

AI
⑳
⑳

ec(c d)
,

#(D) =

f) ec(d) fie

s .
-
t

f'(e) = 0 .
 RUSMAT.E111: Calculus-II
Problem Set 2 (Unit III)
(1) (Partial fractions) Find the sum of the following convergent series.
•
1
(a) Â where a > 0.
n =0 ( a + n )( a + n + 1)
•
1
(b) Â
n =0 n ( n + 1 )(n + 2)
(2) Let ( an ) be a sequence of nonnegative real numbers. Prove that the series • n =1 a n
converges if and only if the sequence of its partial sums is bounded.
(3) (nth term test) Prove that if the series •
n=1 an converges, then an ! 0. Give an example
to show that the converse need not be true.
(4) (Geometric and telescopic series) Check whether the following series converge. Further,
find the sum of the series whenever convergent.
•
(a) Â r2n where |r| < 1
n =1
•
(b) Â r2n where |r| 1
n =1
•
1
(c) Â n ( n + 1)
n =0
(5) Check whether the following series converge. (you may use Q.2.)
•
1
(a) Â
n =1
n
•
1
(b) Â 2
n =1
n
•
( 1 ) n +1
(c) Â
n =1
n
•
( 1 ) n +1
(d) Â p
n =1 n
(6) Give an example of a convergent series • •
n=1 an and a divergent series Ân=1 bn such
that •
n=1 ( an + bn ) is convergent.
 time
-

(13) (Q.12 variation) Find a function f : ( a, b) ! R where a, b 2 R such that f is differen-

&

tiable but not Lipschitz continuous.

- -

(14) Check whether-

-
the following functions f : R ! R are differentiable at the specified
point and find their corresponding derivative if differentiable.
(a) f ( x ) = x | x 1| at x = 1
(b) f ( x ) = x | x | at x = 0 = 2(1
x)
f(x)
-

m
(c) f ( x ) = | x 2| + | x + 2| at x = 2
|x|
when 2x(-)
+
(d) f ( x ) = 1+| x|
at x = 0 f'(x) > O
(15) Find the intervals at which the function f : R ! R defined by f ( x ) = 2x (1 x ) is = 2 - 4x
monotonically increasing and decreasing.
"2]
C-0 , and [12 + <) resp
(16) (First derivative test for local maximum/minimum) Check whether f ( x ) = ( x 1)4 and
-

f ( x ) = x3 3x2 + 3x 2 have a local extremum (maximum or minimum) at x = 1.

f(x) Je work ?
(0 1) defined by =

⑬
1
fi
>
-
will ,

lipschity
differentiable I
is
b) R
At
fi(a be
-

Proposition
---

: ,

.
bounded
f(x)
-
and is

-
continuous
if only if
f(x) =
f (2) K 12 -y) ?
(f(x) <
-

5y/cK
#-
/x-yl -
x, ye(a b) ,

- -

5th
&-
-

5f yu-TY)
15
.

y+
h

-
I

luf
17th y)
-

o
can
-

11 =(f'leg
k = 0 LK
 F
f(x) =

bounded in the internal

E is not
f(x) =

10, 1) ,

f'()
Proposition · let fila b)-R be differentiable
--

,
. f is
Lipschitz
be continuous
-

and
fi [a b] ,
>
- I
is bounded
.
Proof :
-

(E) t
↳ (f'(x)) <M ,
where MER .

+ xt(a , b)

Since is differentiable in (a b) , , by mean

-

b7)
#
(cont ·
in [a ,

value ,
theorem ↑

I
-

-
- ce(a , b) such that
f(x)
-
-

ffly) fe
=

If (x) fla)
-
/ = If'kI(x-y)
M/x-y)
(*)
< Vx ,
ye(a b) ,

continuous
f Lipschitz
.
=> is

continuous
lipschity
.

(E) Let f be
(a ,
y
E
/ y) where x,

(f(x) fly))
-

- >
K30st
-

=> >
-

where helR and xE(a , b)

Writ =
yth
=> (flyth) -

f(y) ) < K/h)

·A f(y))
·
-

=> k

=>
-fist/
- I f '() / <K .

# (y)) <K +
yE(a b)
, .

Since
y
is
arbitrary ,
⑰

52
defined by f(x)
=

(0 1)
⑬
1
f : -
,

proposition
.
the
Since f is differentiable
, use

a
bound
H'()) =
Ice) is

not - val (0, +)

continuous
. As
=> f is not Lipschity

notcontinuous
10, 1]
w

fi(0 ,
1) - -
log f'(x) =
T not
- bounded
[0 1] ,

=> f is not lipschity

contineors
.
(d)
f(x) =

I at x= 0 ·

'f
I
[
d
-
x
1 +
f(x) -
·
=

x0
if
- R
-
x
1 -

-0

RHD
=
him( 10th)e fls -him
her-
I
It h

bir + = 1

he O
1 +
h
lim
fh)
f() -

↳ HD =
#
- h
he 0
↑

>
-
 th)

Ele) e
O =

lim
-

Leo
1 -
( h)
-

I
-

-ein It h

-
h
-1
=
.

lim
f(0th) f(0) -

f(x)
-

h) - --
=
h
=

tim 2+ 0

-
LUD =
230- L
M h O
i -lim
-

&
-

Th
f(x)
k
-

(
Another
-

lin Geor h
expression
↑

=
I

h I
of
-

he

- M
·

aro-
lin
Th
i -

=
1 .

RHD t LHD
II I

I
I -

at x= 0
.

=> f is not differentiable

 ⑲ (i) f(x) =
(x-1) "about
local maxima or minima
tell the
what can
you ,
at 2 = 1

f(x) = 4(x -

1)3 = 0

(x )
- = 0

(x-1) 0
1) (x 1)
=

(2
-
-

=>
0
-L
D omain
belR Sit

L
x 1 =

-
- &

·
a,

E -
~
ab = 0

00b = 0
test => a
first desivative
=

-
1)
host-KE(Ith
< O
, f(x)
(i) · O
/f(x)
I iss
>

and ①
I
i
& o
f(x) < 0
*
·

- xe (1 , 1th) ,
f'(xpo ,

-
local minima
um
f
the attain a

1
at the point 1= .

and
Ih<0 Sit VRE(l-h , 1) , f(x) 70
(ii) then
f'(x) < x
-

11 Ith)
,
- ,
#x ,

x 1
point
=

at the
.

attains local maxima

um

f a

f(x) =
4 (x -

1)3 3
443
4(1 -k 1) 4 ( h) -
=
=

f'(k k)
-

LO

V
-

4(1th 1)
>
44 0
f'(( +h)
-
= .

=
·
I
 Thus If
, has local minima at
point x =
1 .

+ B 2 = -
1
1 B
-

x 32 + 32-2
-

(b) f(x) =
- .

3
f(x) 34 - 62 + .

I
=

=
3(x -
2x+ 1)
=
3 (x-)2 -
-

f'(l-h) = 3 (1-h- 1)2

For >o ,
= 34 > 0
= 3( h) -
-

3 (1 + h
-

)
f'(l + h) =

= 3* 0 .

"(c) 0
= .

When
Point
--
of inflection:
3(x+)2
f(x) =

6(x 1)
f(x)
-

At 2 1
f' (1)
=
, = O .

#Essent # /
·
·
 .
convex
-
f'(l) = 0
-
.
concave

f
s
-

~ f"(x) tells
# f"(t)
↓ that
= 0 .

you
.
# point .
concave
Not a
graph
is convex or
whether the Y
I
local
of +"(n)
f "( < O
> 0 .

Maxima or

local minima
(fromest test)