CHAPTER-10

STRINGS

UNIT - 2 (WEIGHTAGE: 45 Marks)

 CHAPTER-10 SYLLABUS
Introduction,

String operations - concatenation, repetition, membership and slicing),

Traversing - Traversing a string using loops,

built-in functions –len()

22 string methods/functions:
isupper(), endswith() capitalize(), lstrip(), count(), replace() split(),
islower(), startswith() title(), rstrip(), find(), join() partition()
isalnum(), upper(), strip(), index(),
isalpha(), lower(),
isdigit(),
isspace(),
 REVIEW OF CHAPTER-9

we learnt: 12 Questions

&

35 Lab Programs (i.e Lab programs-41 TO 75)

Question-1 2 MARKS
Explain the following 8 functions:
isupper(), islower(), isdigit(),
isalpha(), isalnum(), isspace(),
startswith(), endswith()
isupper() function
checks whether all the characters in a string are in
capital form and return either True or False.

Ex:
a=”cs lab”
print(a.isupper()) o/p: False

Syntax: string.isupper()
startswith() function
checks whether the string starts with a particulat substring(i.e
specified value) and returns either True or False

Ex:
a=”cs lab” o/p: False
print(a.startswith(“a”))

Syntax: string.startswith( substring)

Question-2 2 MARKS
Explain the following 7 functions:

capitalize(), title(),
upper(), lower(),
strip(), lstrip(), rstrip()
capitalize() function
● First, capitalize() function makes a copy of the given string
● Then, it converts the first letter of the copied string to capital.
● Finally, it returns the manipulated copy as result.

Ex:
a=”CS LAB”
print(a.capitalize()) o/p: Cs lab
print(a) CS LAB

Syntax: string.capitalize()
title() function
● First, title() function makes a copy of the given string
● Then, it converts the first letter of each word in the copied string to capital.
● Finally, it returns the manipulated copy as result.

Ex:
a=”CS LAB” o/p: Cs Lab
print(a.title()) CS LAB
print(a)

Syntax: string.title()
upper()
● First, upper() function makes a copy of the given string
● Then, it converts all the letters present in the copied string to capital.
● Finally, it returns that manipulated copy as result.

Ex:
a=”cs lab” o/p: CS LAB
print(a.upper()) cs lab
print(a)

Syntax: string.upper()
strip(), lstrip(), rstrip()
● First, strip() function makes a copy of the given string

● Then, it removes the specified character(s) present in the

beginning and at the end of the string

● FInally it returns that manipulated copy as result

Note: by default,
3 characters(space, tabspace and newline)
will be passed as input to strip() function
txt = ",,,,,rrttgg.....cricket....rrr"

x = txt.strip(",.grt")

print(x) o/p:
print(txt) cricke
,,,,,rrttgg.....cricket....rrr

working:
strip(“,.grt”) function checks whether any of these 5 characters are
present in the beginning and at the end of the copied string.

strip() function will be working like a loop.

The following 7 functions and the strip() function
to be recalled frequently
till we complete 12th standard
Question-3 2 MARKS
Explain the following 4 functions:

find(), index()
count(),
join()
find()
Ex:
a=”computer science lab”
o/p:
print(a.find(‘o’)) 1
print(a.find(‘e’)) 6

Syntax: string.find(substring, startindex=, stopindex=)

Description:
find() function checks whether the specified value(i.e substring) is present in the given string
or not.

If present, it returns the INDEX of its first occurrence.

If not, then it returns -1
index() same as find() function
Ex: o/p:
a=”computer science lab” 1
print(a.index(‘o’))
ERROR
print(a.index(‘e’))

Syntax: string.index(substring, startindex=, stopindex=)

Description:
index() function checks whether the specified value(i.e substring) is present in the given
string or not.

If present, it returns the INDEX of its first occurrence.

If not, then it returns -1
count() o/p:
2 1
example:
str= “the quick brown fox jumped over the river”
b=str.count(‘the’)
c=str.count('the', 11, 60)
print(b, c)

S1 = 'learn Python and Android” o/p:

1
S2 = S1.count(‘n’, 3, 11)
print(S2)
Syntax: string.count(substring, startindex=, stopindex=)
By default, startindex = 0 stopindex =len(string)

Description:
count() function returns the number of times the specified value
(i.e substring) appears in the given string.

If not present, then it returns 0

join() join() function combines the
elements of the sequence
Syntax: using separator string
string. join(“sequence”)

Note: sequence should be either

string data (or)
separator/joiner list of strings data (or)
tuple of strings data
example:
str= “Exam 2023”
o/p:
b=str.join(‘##’) #Exam 2023#
print(b) Exam 2023
print(str)

example:
str= “Exam 2023”
b=str.join(‘###’) o/p:
print(b) #Exam 2023#Exam 2023#
print(str) Exam 2023
Question-4 2 MARKS
Explain the following 3 functions:
replace(),
partition(),
split()
replace()
Syntax: string.replace(old substring, new substring)
Description
● First, replace() function makes a copy of the given string

● Then, it replaces the specified old substring with the new substring in the
copied string

● FInally it returns that manipulated copy as result

example:
str= 'dododo' o/p:
b=str.replace('do', 'c') ccc cococo dododo
c=str.replace('d', 'c')
print(b, c, str)
split() partition()

Description Description
split() function splits copy of the partition() function splits copy of the
given string into a list of words given string always into tuple of 3 words
using the specified separator. using the specified separator.
1st word - content before the separator
Note: by default,
2nd word - separator
space, tabspace and newline 3rd word - content after the separator
characters will be passed as input to
separator split() function

Syntax
string.split(separator=’ ‘, maxsplit=) Syntax
separator is optional parameter string.partition(separator)
maxsplit is optional parameter. (No of separator is compulsory parameter
splits is the input)
#EXAMPLE-1A: #EXAMPLE-2A: #EXAMPLE-3A:
txt = "welcome to the jungles" txt = "welcome to the jungles" s ="apple#grapes#cherry#orange"

x = txt.split('e') x = txt.split() res = s.split("#")

print(x) print(x) print(res)

#EXAMPLE-3B:
s ="apple#grapes#cherry#orange"
#EXAMPLE-1B: #EXAMPLE-2B:
txt = "welcome to the jungle" txt = "welcome to the jungle" res = s.partition("#")

x = txt.partition('e') x = txt.partition() print(res)

print(x) print(x) #EXAMPLE-3c:

s ="apple#grapes#cherry#orange"

res = s.split("#", 2)

1A O/P: ['w', 'lcom', ' to th', ' jungl', 's'] print(res)

1B O/P: ('w', 'e', 'lcome to the jungles')

2A O/P: ['welcome', 'to', 'the', 'jungles'] 3A O/P: ['apple', 'grapes', 'cherry', 'orange']

2B O/P: ERROR because no input is passed to separator 3B O/P: ('apple', '#', 'grapes#cherry#orange')

3C O/P: ['apple', 'grapes', 'cherry#orange']

STRING
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM-5a
Write a Python program to find the number of vowels present
in the given string.

program:(using indexing)
program: a=input(“Enter the string:”)
a=input(“Enter the string:”) c=0
c=0 for b in range(0, len(a)):
for b in a: if a[b] in “aeiou”:
if b in “aeiou”: c=c +1
c=c +1
print(“No of vowels=”, c)
print(“No of vowels=”, c)
.
PROGRAM-5b
Write a Python program to check whether the given string is
OUTPUT-1
palindrome or not. PALINDROME CHECKER
Enter any string: dad

Yes, the given string is palindrome

OUTPUT-2
PALINDROME CHECKER
program: Enter any string: python

a=input(“Enter the string:”) No, the given string is not palindrome

b=a[::-1]
if a==b:
print(“The given string is palindrome “)
else:
print(“The given string is not palindrome “)
OUTPUT
QUESTIONS
6a. Find and write the output of the following python code :

Msg1="WeLcOME"
Msg2="GUeSTs"
Msg3=""
for I in range(0,len(Msg1):
if Msg1[I]>="A" and Msg1[I]<="M":
Msg3=Msg3+Msg1[I]
elif Msg1[I]>="N" and Msg1[I]<="Z":
Msg3=Msg3+Msg2[I]
else:
Msg3=Msg3+"*"

print(Msg3) o/p: G*L*TME

6b. Find and write the output of the following python code :

s='School2@com'
k=len(s)
m=" "
for i in range(0,k):
if(s[i].isupper()):
m=m+s[i].lower()
elif s[i].isalpha():
m=m+s[i].upper()
else:
m=m+'bb'
o/p:
print(m) sCHOOLbbbbCOM
6c Find and write the output of the following python code :
m=""
str='[email protected]'
for i in range(0,len(str)):
if(str[i].isupper()):
m=m+str[i].lower()
elif str[i].islower():
m=m+str[i].upper()
else:
if i%2==0:
m=m+str[i-1]
else:
m=m+"#" o/p:

fUN#pYTHONn#.
print(m)
Last two are
THEORY QUESTIONS
Question-7 2 MARKS
what is String Traversing?

processing each and every character in the given

string is referred as Traversing.

example:
inorder to find the number of vowels present in the
given string, each and every character has to be
processed. This activity is called as Traversing.
Question-8 2 MARKS
List out String operations.

4 string operations
● concatenation
● replication
● membership ex: if b in “aeiou”:
● slicing

we will learn string slicing along with list slicing in CHAPTER-11