o 9

Law of Cosines
Learner's Module in Mathematics 9
Quarter 4 ● Module 7

GEMALYN G. AWINGAN
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME:________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ____________

TEACHER: ____________________ SCORE _________________________
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must
be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City through
the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Baguio City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Mathematics.

Date of Development April 2021

Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area Mathematics
Grade Level 9
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Q4/W7
Learning Competency Code M9GE-IVf-g-1
Learning Competency Illustrate laws of sines and cosines

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without them.
Thank you all for your moral and technical support in the creating of this
learning module. To my colleagues in our school for sharing your knowledge and
expertise as I developed this learning resource. Lastly, to the office of DepEd
Division of Baguio City for giving us the opportunity to discover our skills as module
writers.

Development Team
Developer: Gemalyn G. Awingan
Layout Artist:
Illustrator: Gemalyn G. Awingan

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Jesusa R. Yadao School Head / Principal
Aprecia B. Aswigue Subject / Learning Area Specialist
Hildo Y. Estabillo School LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Francisco C. Copsiyan EPS – Mathematics
Santiago L. Bugtong PSDS – District

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Mam Armi Victoria A. Fiangaan EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Admin. Assistant

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO
OIC - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Copyright Notice ………………………………………………….……...….…. ii
Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. …….…... iv
Table of Contents……………………………………………………….……. … v
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
What I Need to Know……………………………………………………………. 2
Learning Objectives
What I Know………………………………………………………….…………. 3
What’s In……..…………………………………………………………………. 5
What’s New………………………………………………………………………. 5
What is It …………….……………………………….……………….…………. 6
What’s More . ……………….……………………………………...…………… 10
Activity 1…………………………………………………………………… 10
Activity 2…………………………………………………………………… 12
What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………… 12
What I Can Do.………………………………………………………….……… 13
Post-Assessment …………………...…………………………………………… 14
Additional Activities……………………………………………….……………… 16
Answer Key………………………………………………………………………. 17
References ………………………………………………………...…….…….… 18

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Title Page

Law of Cosines
Learner's Module in Mathematics 9
Quarter 4 ● Module 7

GEMALYN G. AWINGAN
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

1
 What I Need to Knowtives

Welcome to this module on Law of Cosines!

This module was designed and written to help you, learners, understand and master the
concepts of laws of cosine. Its main purpose is to develop your understanding on solving
problems on Law of Cosines.

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

This module contains several lessons. To make the most out of them, you need to do the
following:
1. Read the Learning Objectives to get an idea of the knowledge and skills you are expected
to gain and develop as you study the module. These outcomes are based on the content
standards, performance standards, and learning competencies of the K to 12 Curriculum
Mathematics 9.
2. Do the What I Know. Your score will determine your knowledge of the lessons in the
module. If you get 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next module.
Otherwise, you must go through the lessons.
3. Each Lesson aims to develop one of the learning objectives set for the module. It starts
with an activity that will help you understand the lesson and meet the required
competencies.
4. Take your time in reading this module. Write down points for clarification then discuss
these with your teacher.
5. Perform all activities and answer all worksheets. The activities and assessments are
designed to enhance your understanding of sets. The activities will also give you an idea
how well you understand the lessons. Review the lessons if necessary, until you have
achieved a satisfactory level of understanding.
6. At the end of the module, take the Post-Assessment to evaluate your overall
understanding about the lesson in law of cosines.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. illustrate Law of Cosines; and
2. apply Law of Cosines in solving oblique triangles

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 What I Know

DIRECTION: Let us check what you already know about law of cosines. Read and
understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following does not belong to Law of Cosines?

a. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A c. c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
b. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B d. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
2. Which of the following figures shows SAS case?
a. “0 c.

b. d.

3. Which of the following situations can be solved by the law of cosines?

a. two angles and the included side are known
b. three sides are known
c. three angles are known
d. none of the above
4. Which law of cosines must be used in solving for x in figure 1?
a. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
b. c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
c. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
d. none of the above
5. What law of cosines must be used in solving for x in figure 2?
a. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
b. c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
c. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
d. none of the above

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6. Which of the following given is applicable by the formula b2 = a2+c2–2ac cos
B?
a. if a = 18cm A = 480 B = 590
b. if A = 700 C = 420 c = 8.4 cm
c. if a = 15cm c = 17cm A = 640
d. if B = 520 a = 18cm c = 25cm

7. What is the value of ∠A in figure 3?

a. 37.210 B
0
b. 38.21
5 cm 7 cm
c. 141.790
d. 142.790 C
8 cm A
Figure 3
8. What is the value of ∠B in figure 3?
a. 81.790
b. 80.230
c. 60.010
d. 38.220
9. What is the measure of the smallest angle if the sides of a triangle are 7.9cm,
9.5cm and 5.2cm?
a. 33.180
b. 86.640
c. 60.180
d. 20.580
10. A plane flew 1120km north. It then changed direction by turning 30 degrees
clockwise and flew another 900km. How far was the plane from its starting
point?
a. 564.35km
b. 546.35km
c. 456.35km
d. 645.53km

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 What’s In

Let’s Recall

In your previous lesson, the Law of Sines can be used in solving a triangle
when we know any of the following:
a. One side and two angles (AAS or ASA)

b. Two sides and an angle opposite one of these sides (SSA).

In the Law of Sines, in any triangle ABC, the sides are proportional to the sines of
the opposite angles.

sin A sin B sin C a b c

a
= b
=c or reciprocal form
sin A
= sin B = sin C

What’s New

Activity 1. Examine Me!

Instruction: Observe the following triangles below then answer the

questions that follow.

490 35m
27m 14m 18.5m
0
113
680
29m
16.6m
triangle A triangle B triangle C

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 600 27m 9m 7m
25m

450 420
11m 8m
triangle D triangle E triangle F
Questions:
1. Which of the figures can be solved using the previous concepts? Which
among the previous concepts should be used?
2. Which of the figures cannot be solved using the previous concepts? Why?
3. Can you solve the missing parts of the triangles that you identified in question
number 2? If yes, how? If no, proceed to the next page.

What is It

Law of Cosines can also be used in solving oblique triangles. The

Law of Cosines is an extension of Pythagoras’ theorem on non-right
triangles. Also known as the cosine rule, it says that if a triangle has
sides of lengths a, b, and c, and with opposite angles A, B, and C, respectively, then
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A.

LAW OF COSINES

For any △ABC with sides a, b, and c, C

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A (1) a b

b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B (2)
B A
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C (3) c
Manipulate each equation and solve for the cosine of the angle
2 2 2
b+c -a
For equation (1): cos A =
2bc
2 2 2
a +c - b
For equation (2): cos B =
2ac
2 2 2
a + b -c
For equation (3): cos C =
2ab

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Note: The Law of Cosines can be used in the following situations:
a. two sides and the included angle (SAS).
b. three sides are known (SSS).

Strategies/Steps in Solving the SAS Case

1. Find the side opposite of the given angle. Use the Law of cosines.
2. Find the measure of the second angle (angle opposite the shorter
of the two given sides – this angle will always be acute. Use the
Law of Sines or Law of Cosines)
3. Find the measure of the third angle. Subtract the sum of the
measures of the given angle and the angle formed in Step 2 from
1800.

Illustrative Examples

Problem 1. Solve △ ABC if a = 29 cm b = 39 and C = 510

Solution:
Step 1. Find the side opposite the given angle. Use the Law of
Solve for
Cosines.
c.

c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab (cos C)

= 292 + 392 – 2(29)(39) cos 510

= 841 + 1521 – 2262 (0.6293)

= 2362 – 1423.4766

c = √ 938.5234

c = 30.640 cm

Step 2. Find the measure of ∠A. Use the Law of Sines or Law of
Cosines)

Solve for ∠A.

using Law of Sines
29 sin 51
sin A=
sin C sin A 30.64
=
c a
sin 51
0
sin A sin A = 0.7355
=
30.64 29
A = sin-1 (0.7355)
30.64 sin A = 29 sin 51 A = 47.40

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 or

Solve for ∠A.

using Law of Cosines

2 2 2
b+c -a 1521+938.8096 - 841
cos A = cos A =
2bc 2389.92
2 2 2
39 + 30.64 - ( 29 )
cos A = −1
A = cos (0.6773)
2(39)(30.64)

A = 47.40

Step 3. Find the measure of the third angle. Subtract the sum of the
measures of the given angle and the angle formed in Step 2 from
1800.
Solve for ∠B.

B = 1800 – (A+C)
= 180 – (47.4 + 51)
∠B = 81.60

Strategies/Steps in Solving the SSS Case

1. Find the angle opposite the longest side. Use the Law of
Cosines.
2. Find either of the remaining angles. Use the Law of Sines or
Law of Cosines.
3. Find the measure of the third angle. Subtract the sum of the
measures of the angles formed in Step 1 and 2 from 1800.

Problem 2. Solve the triangle ABC where a = 14m, b = 15m , c = 19m

a=14m c=19m

C A
b =15m

Solution:

8
 Step 1. Find the measure of the angle opposite the longest side. Use
the Law of Cosines.
Solve for ∠C.
2 2 2
a + b -c 60
cos C = cos C =
2ab 420
2 2 2
14 + 15 − 19 C = cos−1 (0.1429)
=
2(14)(15)

196 + 225 – 361 C = 81.8o

=
420

Step 2. Find either of the remaining angles. Use the Law of Sines or
Law of Cosines.
Solve
for ∠A.
Solution 1: using Law of Sines

sin C sin A
= 14 sin 81.8
c a sin A=
19
0
sin 81.8 sin A
= A = sin−1 (0.7293)
19 14
A = 46.80
19 sin A = 14 sin 81.8

Solution 2: using Law of Cosines

2 2 2 390
b+c -a cos A =
cos A = 570
2b c
2 2 2 cos A = 0.6842
15 + 19 - (14)
cos A =
2(15)(19) A = cos−1 (0.6842)
A = 46.80
225 + 361 - 196
cos A =
570

Step 3. Find the measure of the third angle. Subtract the sum of the
measures of the angles formed in Step 1 and 2 from 1800.
Solve for ∠B.
B = 1800 – (A+C)
= 180 – (46.8 + 81.8)
B = 51.40

9
 What’s More

Activity 2. Complete Me! Complete the solution below. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper, copy and answer.

A. Solve △ ABC if b = 6cm, c = 9cm, and A = 1050

a. Label the given in the figure below.
A

1050
6cm 9cm

C B

b. Solve for a.
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
a2 = ___ + ___ – 2(6)(9) cos ___
a2 = 36 + 81 – __ (-0.2588)
a2 = 117 + 27.9504
a = √ 144.9504
a = ______cm (up to second decimal place)

c. Solve for ∠B. d. Solve for ∠C.

2 2 2
a +c - b
cos B =
2ac C = 1800 – (A+C)
= 180 – (105 + _____)
2 2 2
12.04 + 9 −6 ∠C = _____
cos B =
2 (_ ____ )(____)
¿
cos B = ¿¿ +¿ 216.72 ¿

189.96
cos B =
216.72
−1
B = cos (0.8765)

B = 28.780

B. Solve the triangle ABC where a = 14m, b = 16.6m, c = 18.5m

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 a. Label the given in the figure below.

C
_____ _____

A B
___

b. Solve for ∠C. c. Solve for ∠B.

2
a + b -c
2 2 sin C sin B
cos C = =
2ab c b
0
2
¿¿ + 16.6 - _______ sin 73.85 sin B
= =
2 ____ ___
2(14)( 16.6 )
18.5 sin B= 16.6 sin 73.85
196 +275.56 – 342.25
=
¿¿ ¿ ¿¿
sin B =
18.5
129.31
cos C =
464.8
sin B =
−1
C = cos (_____)
B = sin-1 (0.8619)
C = 73.850
B = 59.530

d. Solve for ∠A.

A = 1800 – (B+C)
= 180 – (____ + ____)
∠A = 46.620

Activity 2.

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 A. Use the law of cosines to find x in each case.

1. C 2. B

x
x a= 5cm
a=15m

1100 A 850
c =9m A C
B b =5cm

B. Solve the triangle given the following values. Sketch the required triangle and
use the Law of Cosines to solve it.

1. a = 20cm, b = 12cm, c = 14cm

2. ∠B = 920 , a = 17cm , c = 23cm

What I Have Learned

Activity 3. Fill Me!

Instruction: To check your understanding of the lesson, fill in the blanks or write the
appropriate answers on the space provided.

 I have learned that in using the Law of Cosines the following situations must
be present:
______________________________________________and
________________________________________________.

 In solving SSS Case where all sides are given, the following steps must be
observed:
1.____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.
2.____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
3.____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

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 In solving SAS Case where side a, ∠B, and side c are given the following
formulas must be observed.(write the applicable formula/s)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Activity 3. I Can Do It!

In the diagram, three streets are connecting three identical A-type

houses in a certain village. Given the measures in the diagram, find the
following:
a. The distance from house O to M.
b. The measure of the angle formed in POM.
P
90m
550
O
65m

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 Post-Assessment

DIRECTION: Let us determine how much you already know about law of cosines.
Let us find out how much you have learned from this module. Read and analyze
each item carefully. Read and understand each item, then choose the letter of your
answer.

1. Which of the following does not belong to Law of Cosines?

a. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A c. c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
b. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2ac cos B d. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
2. Which of the following figures show SSS case?
a. “0 c.

b. d.

3. Which of the following situations can be solved by the law of cosines?

a. two angles and the included side are known
b. three sides are known
c. three angles are known
d. none of the above
4. Which law of cosines must be used in solving for x in figure 1?
a. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A B
2 2 2
b. c = a + b – 2ab cos C 7 cm x
c. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
800
d. none of the above C 8 cm A
Figure 1

5. What law of cosines must be used in solving for x in figure 2?

a. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
b. c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
c. b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
d. none of the above

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6. Which of the following given is applicable by the formula a2 = b2+c2–2bc cos
A?
a. if a = 18cm A = 480 B = 590
b. if A = 700 C = 420 c = 8.4 cm
c. if a = 15cm c = 17cm A = 640
d. if B = 520 a = 18cm c = 25cm

7. What is the measure of ∠C in figure 3?

a. 37.210 A
0
b. 38.21
5 cm 7 cm
c. 141.790
d. 142.79 B
8 cm C
Figure 3
8. What is the measure of ∠A in figure 3?
a. 81.790
b. 80.230
c. 60.010
d. 38.220
9. What is the measure of the smallest angle if the sides of a triangle are 7.9cm,
9.5cm and 5.2cm?
a. 33.180
b. 86.640
c. 60.180
d. 20.580
10. A plane flew 1120km north. It then changed direction by turning 40 degrees
clockwise and flew another 900km. How far was the plane from its starting
point?
a. 712.15km
b. 721.15km
c. 775.15km
d. 645.13km

15
 Additional Activities

Instruction: Create a problem based on the illustration below and present a solution
to the problem you made.

Betty

10m

380
Ada
8m
Cita

16
 Answer Key

hat’s In. Activity 1.

triangle A, triangle B, and triangle E. They can be solved by applying the Law of Sines.
triangle C, triangle D, and triangle F. Possible explanation: These cannot be solved because we cannot
apply the previous concepts since the given measures were two sides and the included angle (SAS) and
the measures of three sides (SSS).
(answers may vary)

What’s More 2. a
Activity 1
1. a.

17
What’s More Activity 2
A.
1. x = 7.37
2. x= 19.96
B.
1. ∠A= 100.290
∠B= 36.180
∠C= 43.530
2. b = 29.07cm
∠A= 35.750
∠C= 52.250

What I Can Do
a. x = 74.93
b. ∠POM45.28
Post Assessment
1.B
2.A
3.B
4.B
5.B
6.C
7.B
8.A
9.A
10.B

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References

Bryant, Merden, et. Al., (2014). Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material. Pasig
City, Philippines: FEP Printing Corp.

Oronce, O. A. and Mendoza, M. O. (2019). Worktext in Mathematics E-Math

(Revised Edition). Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc.

Villano, M. V. et al. (2012). 21st Century Mathematics: A Vision for a Better

Future. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Marquez, Lualhati R et al. (1997). Mathematics Beyond 2000 (First Edition). Metro
Manila Vibal Publishng House, Inc.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-cosine-law.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Cordillera Administrative Region

[email protected]
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity

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