Soc 426 Assignm-Wps Office

SOC 426 ASSIGNMENT
Name: SAMUEL CHANJALIA
ADM: SW/1195/21
Course code: SOC 426
Course title: Community Health
Lecturer: Dr. Mutua
Question.
CAT 1
Provide a brief classification of diseases and identify and explain the factors
associated with each of these diseases.
CAT 2
Compare and contrast the leading causes of death in USA and Kenya and discuss
important measures for preventing and controlling these diseases.
ANSWERS.
1. According to a very broad classification, diseases can also be classified under

the following-
Physical diseases, mental diseases, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases,

inherited diseases, degenerative diseases, social diseases, self-inflicted diseases.
Depending on certain characteristics, diseases can also be classified as an acute

disease where the disease is sudden, last for a short time, with rapid changes, and
chronic diseases where the effects of the disease can last for months or years.
Even though the types of diseases can be classified very broadly, the classification
of diseases into infectious diseases which can be transmitted from one person to
the other while non-infectious diseases cannot be transmitted.
Classification of diseases became extremely important in the compilation of
statistics on causes of illness and causes of death. It is obviously important to
know what kinds of illnesses and diseases are prevalent in an area and how these
prevalence rates vary with time, Classifying diseases made it apparent, for
example, that the frequency of lung cancer was entering a period of alarming
increase in the mid-20th century. Once a rare form of cancer, it had become the
single most important form of cancer. In males. With this knowledge a search was
instituted for possible causes for this increased prevalence. It was concluded that
the occurrence of lung cancer was closely related to cigarette smoking.
Classification of diseases has helped to ferret out an important, frequently casual,

relationship. The most widely used classifications of diseases are (1) topographic,
by bodily region or system, (2) anatomic, by organ or tissue, (3) physiological, by
function or effect, (4) pathological, by the nature of the disease process,(5)
etiological (casual). (6) Juristic, by speed of advent of death, (7) epidemiological,
and (8) statistical. Any single disease may fall within several of these
classifications.
In the topographic classification, diseases are subdivided into such categories as

gastrointestinal diseases, abdominal diseases, vascular diseases, and chest
diseases. Various specializations within medicine follow such topographic or
systematic divisions, so that there are physicians who are essentially vascular
surgeons.
In the anatomic classification, disease is categorized by the specific organ or tissue

affected hence heart diseases, liver disease, and lung disease. Medical specialties
such as cardiology are restricted to diseases of a single organ in this case the
heart. Such a classification has its greatest use in identifying the various kinds of
diseases that affect a particular organ. The heart is a good example to consider.
By the segregation of cardiac disease it has been made apparent that heart
disease is now the most important cause of death in USA and most industrialized
countries.
The physiological classification of disease is based on the underlying functional

derangement produced by a specific disorder. Included in this classification are
such designations as respiratory and metabolic disease. Respiratory disease are
those that interfere with the intake and expulsion of air and the exchange of
oxygen for CO2 in the lungs. Metabolic diseases are those in which disturbances
of the body's chemical processes are a basic feature. Diabetes and gout are
examples.
The pathological classification of diseases considers the nature of the disease

process. Neoplastic and inflammatory diseases are examples. Neoplastic diseases
include the whole range of tumors, particularly cancer, and their effect on human
beings.
The etiologic classification of disease is based on the cause, when known. The
classification is particularly important and useful in the consideration of biotic
diseases. On this basis diseases might be classified as staphylococcal or ricketissial
to cite only a few.
The juristic disease is concerned with the legal circumstances in which death
occurs. It is principally involved with sudden death, the cause of death in which is
not clearly evident. Thus, on a juristic basis some deaths and diseases are
classified as medical legal and fall within the jurisdiction of coroners and medical
examiners.
The epidemiological classification of diseases deals with the incident, distribution

and control of disorders in a population. To use the example of typhoid, a disease
spread through contaminated food and water. It first becomes important to
establish that the disease observed is truly caused by salmonella typhi, the
typhoid organism.
The statistical basis of classification of disease employs analysis of the incidence

and the prevalence rate of diseases. Statistical classification is an additional
important tool in the study of possible causes of disease.
2. Leading causes of deaths in Kenya include,
-HIV/AIDS
-Lower respiratory infections
-Diarrhea diseases
-Neonatal disorders
-Stroke
-Tuberculosis
-Ischemic heart disease
-Cirrhosis
Leading causes of deaths in USA include;
-Heart disease
-Cancer Covid- 19
Important measures for preventing and controlling these diseases in

communities.
Implement, monitor, evaluate and scale up public health programs. In partnership

with the government.
Enhance surveillance and health information systems by supporting the

development and implementation of population and facility based disease
surveillance systems to access disease burden in communities.
Strengthen public health workforce capacity by training future public health

leaders in clinical laboratory, public health science, program management, and
leadership competencies.
Strengthen laboratory systems by building the critical laboratory network

necessary to assure health security.
Enhance emergency preparedness and response capabilities by strengthening the

ability to rapidly detect and contain infectious disease threats as well as respond
to natural and man-made disaster.
Conduct research to inform policy and practice such as partnering with
stakeholders, including the national institutes of health, clinical trials and
evaluating new vaccines, diagnostic and prevention strategies.
Collaborating with partners in Kenya and globally to use evidence gained through
research to develop and implement effective public health policies applicable to
low resource settings.
Reference
-CDC Kenya Annual Reports
- Kenya/ Articles All Issues/ Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal.
- Improving Detection and Response to Respiratory Events - Kenya, April 2016-

April 2020/MMWR

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SOC 426 ASSIGNMENT

Name: SAMUEL CHANJALIA

Course code: SOC 426

Course title: Community Health

Lecturer: Dr. Mutua

1. According to a very broad classification, diseases can also be classified under

Physical diseases, mental diseases, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases,

Depending on certain characteristics, diseases can also be classified as an acute

Classification of diseases has helped to ferret out an important, frequently casual,

In the topographic classification, diseases are subdivided into such categories as

In the anatomic classification, disease is categorized by the specific organ or tissue

The physiological classification of disease is based on the underlying functional

The pathological classification of diseases considers the nature of the disease

The epidemiological classification of diseases deals with the incident, distribution

The statistical basis of classification of disease employs analysis of the incidence

2. Leading causes of deaths in Kenya include,

-Ischemic heart disease

Leading causes of deaths in USA include;

Important measures for preventing and controlling these diseases in

Implement, monitor, evaluate and scale up public health programs. In partnership

Enhance surveillance and health information systems by supporting the

Strengthen public health workforce capacity by training future public health

Strengthen laboratory systems by building the critical laboratory network

Enhance emergency preparedness and response capabilities by strengthening the

-CDC Kenya Annual Reports

- Kenya/ Articles All Issues/ Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal.

- Improving Detection and Response to Respiratory Events - Kenya, April 2016-

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