Computes Netaorks Ckes- 603) Unrt-t Definition > A __Computer Néd is a teberammnunicatn Ni, hich atlows Aigital devices Crodes) ——to—caichavye—deela__beshioeen cach other Wing “ n, yerouxces (H/w ov Sd)’. Ge- Internet 7 (on now e@ iw ct " ec 2 Networks come in snany siges , Bhapes avd form. 4 i > The e ‘onnect e wake ; Inte «bein the! want uel Brown canple_ef a__netu of networks tu__Com, ication > | ench betiteen Y2 devices Data Communi Cation Aydtew hat 5 Components - \) Messer ~ formation Cdata) ta be Commuunicerted . Ex. tert, audso,video 2) Senden Device who sendy the mevsage Bet Computer, phone ett. r3. Receiver — Device cet the _meASa 4. Transmission Mediums ip the phy Atcal path by chic” 4 mntssage travels from _Aeindea’ fn _sfectiver: 5. Prctincal — “The _rek of gules that ovens Sende Receweg Rule 1 ihe al Rule) Rule 2 | Prstecal Psotocab \ Rule 2 Rule een 4 EYfec tiv ota Communication pe nol’ — on fundowental charactenstion > \. Delivery > Murt deliver the date. to correct doatination 2 Aecuvacy > Must be | delivered accurately wrthout UV (A h = i > (\ a nia t manner, bowetimes in real ti : - wy applications — data delivered after time is we leas4. dtter > Refers to variation tthe t ef packs axvzival twme (the u Ay lsetucen the packets Cmigmatch tn _ audio and pictuse iia a_video) - mda. M > Data ee 2 Aystems cay be. Cactego-tined inta 3 types Ea : Tran i lon " e ale. J a is Simplen Mode The Communicatlan unidixectional as a one-way veek. A Cox Bveceive. En. Radio’, mause; Tv. Tae 5 al ceiver iwaplent ; ‘ A >| a ee Ly = Duplo Mode tyangwit. a yeceive , “hits aot at the ame time. for - Wallki- Talkie When one device ih a or the _athes can vic : ovly seceive awd > In this made, the entixe Ca channel if tikew _ovey by Pisdaves Z theS? oth divections but > R { Re ouly_one at atime & $ Eu Dypleos Node? oth stations Can ticanbmit avd veceive at +o Aawe. | time. Actually it ip thal f dualen ‘connections, > tox wmode — 2L a axe conti histe it s a { Ricthe Hepatity ef.uicthe channel mukt be divided between 2. divections . | SR Full Duplen &S 1 ore | = 8 Gy Goth clixections at the Aame ne"pea. of Connection > foiwt to Oivt > A point to point Connection provides aq cledicatcd ink between 2. clevices => Most point ~ fo -poinit connections use an actual fenghs_of wire or Cahle to! qunect the 10 “ewls, but othey options » Auch ab micyowavi t iv pStible. a a Multipaiwt > A multipoint Calso called vaulticlyop) Connection if One im hich moe than two _Apecific dlevices ohave a Binle — Iiwe. ud [A | Avoline ¢ a Link ae da poder B !{ cottons Of vet > Se ta a C Resnurce havin \mforwation cucharye Networks for Peapl > 2 Access to yemote dnformation I Peyson = to - pevgon Communication ? _Intevactive entertainment Ly Electvomic - Commerce 7) Calé4o- i wdhidy '¢ “nebdork falls is__detetived by tA Aize. 3S typed - WLAN (Loch Area N/ud) 2) MAN (Metyopalitan Arca Nw ) 3) WAN (wide Aven N/a)Dates... eeeseeeseene To 2 _weftrd__to__the way iy hides a fu) is hid out Physically. ? 2 ox" more’ devices _@nnect_to a Unk, 2 ox move _binks form 4 eee devieeis “ul 2 Thee ce 4 (cto, r 1 i 14 J ‘t ip to Mert Stax bus Riv Mesh Tepaloy y > Every device hat a _dedreated 0 int — tp — pol ink ‘te eve: othey device. = If tere ave wn nodes, then Mm a with _topolepy use need n(n-!) /2. dupfen = fully Camnected ! ? resto | wrth 5 dckices -iC] Stay Topaleey = fac: clewice a? a dedicated chad Sa nt polbiertne pe in only to _ a _ceutral controller, usually called a Hub, | 2 ary fault identification awk ibolation 7 : 90. 1 7 if the fubladown , the whole Aystem iA dead. Bus npalogy it 4s raulfipo int ection: One tong Cable act as a tackbone tp Mn all tre devices _in a Nia { f I Tif Prop Line ree 7 - = a —i——_| | CME 7 Ley Cabling than Mesh OF Star \ 2 ld { i > bach device eli point - -to= paint Connection { with ouly the two deyiced of it. : > A Sawals ik eal one Tkcsection fiom ete vit acaches its destination. on _ either Aide “ib the unlDate:... Networx racela > Layevd male -— 1S0 (ndernational Standard dxganization propose appen Sytem Interconnect (o au model ote eran ni Cate xgardfen of _tneix a olla a OSL Modell Beagex Application Layo ¢ Layeys _o& Waser support layed ) [ ( Presewtitian Layer f= Sof hae 5 Session’ ‘Loyes J 4 Transport: Layey __ ———}-? -Heoest_of OS) 3 Network Layer + Yordware 2 Dota Link Layer Y~ 1? layers of NAd Support Layers Layey 1 Phyaical Layev./ Recoiver An open Ayslewm is a pet of pectocal thet —allos any 2. differevit _jystems to evit Commun ate vege ChA ah lie dedsig architecture. 74 cof the 051 model 16 fo howd how to faci btate Communi Cation between ewt without weguixirg Chaves> The 0S) male is not a _proloent, tig model fox _undesstawding and designing a _N/w cathitectuse that it “plenible , “vatfeat and inter-opesable. > |t congists of % bt pe xarte bout elated each of which defines’ _a part of he PxOces’, of mows infotivation BCYO3 a__Nfo: 05a Application AN | Date | Peenkab PHL An Data | Sebaion (sa [ew [aw] Dx |] ! Tranhport [in[sh | pad an ela | Nefwork . [unpte yn Ler [ae | ‘aia | Pela Luk | lonfwnfan [sa Pu [An foata[r] thysical Darla bite teanafer on the es2 Te ot wedlel {is composed of 7 order Layex PD Wits a Single we, each faye-t calls upon the__fexvices ‘of the Lay ex gust_belowo it. fox example | loyes 3 uses the _Aevvices of Layty 2__owd provides _Aesvices to _Layey 4. > Betocen macine , Layer 9 at one machine Communicates edith Layer 2 on anothes machine. > This communication is _ 90 4 ee v cols ete ai Convention > Tre _pirccess on each wacine that Communicate ct es eA =o - PIOleshes » Device A Ipderanedale Device B \ gp ween A 4- ~~ Reon her holoat C7 "Teed. fee oS HE ee Soe pe se Ye pp me TT €— 5 oo oT a OT N €——~ pW U—-—9'N On ) <---> 9 ©€-~+p«- DN a &-- m7 Pe-— pep Physical Communi ottothe. the “devices and the _tvanAmik Sion media. - __ between : Sende¢ Receiver” From datu Link Layee To Daler Ligh Layer Physical. Layer ] ] Physical Layey f otlotol lol | L titolo (2 J Transmission, Meck um (Cwiyed ov umwired ) > fepye iO oO =e ‘cad e data cousiats of gtyeam of bite Coquene of 01 £ 6) with no intexpyetation. fox transmitti is aust be encoded in to Aiprals Netbal ot optical ). Pata Link Layer aa Encoding ix 4 webel =n ; PhyAical eos ettirg a ae Ktveam off date Entohig Vo} |i oltfol {—bits info a ’ predefined ule. eee ee l J 7b _mb-tiod of renOenlive the bits 14 called> pate fale > The toanaminsion rade zi.ethe oo. is abo of bits sent each Aecond, dedined by he Pryce ex (Twisted pay cule _» Co-arcal aa Fiber optic calle) > Line Cor Fesaallon > The__phyhiceh Sayer ius concesned with the _Comectie of devices | to the media . a za paat te port Che TI raed ' 5 Link ch A tall pat oa The nce +o wake a na > Bur > Rivy > Mesh b> Stuy > “Tree Ly hybrid 2 Transmission Mode > Phyrical fay ex lia def \ the! a of traniuisti ee lalf_d aE 2 Sig ra 21 Sigma 7 > a Ling oes chun Or divide amy weultiple 5 ols yf Binnals ai hawe Chanel H tho Pact mS wae ET EDM, TOM, WOW cATL Sepment Datel cece Mob why Data Link layed bad OLL > Frome 7? Framing > The Dir divides the Styeam of bite f yeceived from _the _N/Ad~ Layer into ——mmneg cable data units ca Ne if Headey Data Fail Cnt KO = Frome Nid Layer | eo eat ; DLL | hd C7 Phypicul Laver 2 Physical addvesring (Mac addvers)—> If framed axe g tobe’ distatbuted to _diffexent Jyxtems oni Hi L ——alld_a header "tn the fame to define sender ard ——xecewey of ‘the f, “MAC add ver - —- ~¢hyte 2 >—2 Aeceha toakeal > When 20% move devices aye | Connected __{o the Aawe fim, DLL protocals axe neceSsasy to _delexmive” which device fas_covtial ove the Sink. at_owy given time» [- _ 1 Randow - access [ cntaldel -arceas Channeliration U Protocols —t Vf ‘toe G Atowa B fcsecvatiom . _Fona 0 > ¢SMA Falling Toma bcsma/ep « G the/Aming > cong 4 CSMA/CA g 4 7 OL? \f the ate at hich the dara axe alofodbed ty the veeeivey ia tas 4 “ten the _xate_at hich date aye prnduced in ev L 4 echanigm avoi wal iver. " bs) Sliding Bindowd _protocal > Exvo Contuol > Be Dil alla “acliahility the 1 e1- ang - A 9 x g 0 . 4 eh i th Kecoont carte a__tyailey odded to the end of fame,Date :deeeeemsencemen enn [tor Guth | — = L | 2-0 pit [> elie, Howming Code 5 che Coyclic Redusd ¢ ——Nefwouk Layer > > $The nd Layer is aepponsible fos the Sousceet mw 7? Lea ing £@__packe z anothex aatlacding Aytewn to help lis thaguisch Aaurie awl destination tem» “Pre NA) Layey adds a header to the picket 1 taming fico _the uppey a Hk ene. ica. Pian of. ing Sewley & yeceiver: by) £ foll_odl-cessing Clonal addin Sub = Routing > When iwlependent Nios ox Links — aye i Connected +o ‘cveate _inteyneWorks ov" the _Commecing. devices Called a et “paletas) soute_oy “haltch the: the final destivation. Ove of the unckions of - the ___N/d Lay toe th to provide — Has aechanysn.L clea [lve j ' j [Ruth Vector ] t Distance _veclox ink State | { Rup OSPE : B42 “Ramaport Layey > C Heat of 05) ) { 2 Sesvice = paivt adic Ale The Aesanspott byvert ‘headey 4 wubt include a type _of address Called _Seyvice— polut: alate Co-~t post vadd-ye\() ‘ T e each to ec —mesiaze to the ‘torrnect process on that computer, _ » ex iy a é A to panies —defivesy ‘of the enlixe -raekigc- > Syren a ait >A ati x —g divided tw_to Teale eid gh ie eT "conta These: nos — enables eee Joye to__yeabemble the sche it ——tertrtectly upon _detri a=> Cmnnertion Coutyal > Te trowsport layer can be eithey connectionlens or How ie Seament ak an ile packet and has tf 4 4 & jex_at the destination machine. bu UDP - tt: a Counection wits the ‘hionkpoyt yey _at the » destination — machive fast aaron the . exved tne Covnnection is eaeed ee TCP > Flow coutyol > ate the Dit, the nina Lye xe Howes 4 flow) coal {hid layed 1S _pevfoxmel a irngle Sik. @nd tp ew Setar ~ for contol > Like “tre DIL the traikpoxt ek 16 yesponsible for evxey fontyoll eee east at this. is Petfock ned Proce =| c scather than actos a_i Tie teal tYantonit waka Aue that Ave endive. men aves» at the eine ctranspoxt Hoye @ duplication ) Exor orxection Mcally yf miASIOns |Dates. ecseeneeeeeee Seti Lay > CAPC SL, NES) Phe Seasion foyer ig the. netdork dialoy covitinll __Ht_ establishes) maintaing and ioe pte tol Suan Communicating Jystevas, _ pion Byes is sen fA | Saeed eee Synchyonization» 2 ph Coutaal : “he Ahlan Daye alias 2 pal ente “the communication —_befocew 2 fades 7 dake ( i (the p. ° a 4 > Smchyoni Von. The Seasion foyer _alloxas a paces se tp _add checkpoints oe Ayathtonia said points bo rina of data. Presentation Layey i ‘ ae and Ao ows the information wust be aay it shank hefave bees ee Bene different Supe edi in vfs iQ frese_-diffexent enc veined &) ASCI, pci? 4, PEG, 6mP wav, nes, #Fic pacAtwlafion layer ol the _Seudey _chanp of the information “from _ tds Aendey_=dependevt _ fornnat into a common forvati The “presentation layex atthe “wecewvivy. machine. —chavyes the Common forwat intl “UA_vecelver- “deybndeat forwats ' > Encayption > To tarry _Aewsilive information, — wo CvAure a wm ole 4 ivacy « tion cana “that the Aewlex tionglorm the -orviginal information +n another fox awl fen i ae ovey the Njd. = Decsyplion ve Wi ig a to tran for the: mcasage back to oxigival fore: ~ Compression > Data compression reduces the \ numbers. mf bits contained in__+he nfoxuiation. Darla compression becomes padciculor ly tmpovtont in the tyanimission of mul binedn Such os feat, aucha £ video ¢ => TH eeabdey cho eg akeket bee a2, tp access the Nd 2). tt provides wdec lect f du ppoat fo. Sexyites Such ah e-mail, remote file aces and tums fer, Ahastd DpMedwanogeneat ard oles — types of distsiluted tnfoxeation . Aeaviced«& Pylon Lavery Seyvices? Ei £ \) File enafe anes _& Manayewent > This plating allows sera unex to acces filles in _a_semote _* host Co woke chawek ox _xead data), to _yetyleve filer_from_a revbte Computer _for_use_in the E foal —teveputes,—ovel tn _vemnape_ert_tontval_files_ ———in_a__yewote computer och 2) Mail Sewvices > “Taig application pyovides the. —€ ahi fox cai foriaesding E awd Atoniage. i 3) ivectory Sewices > Ti SN nit eeagr hii eel fetes é avd alcens fox. llobal infoxwation at vaxious AT re ey cal atest objects k Services 4) NAV Virtual Teveninal —> A Nfd Virtual inde a Sid vetson of phytal texminal id it allows a urey to € fo 1a xewote tot. To da Ao, the S, a terminal at the emote host, “the wrers cool 4abhs -y the spo: tetminal which, tr tin til nd_vice_Yesit. “ine xtwote ast believes tt aa, owm ont 2 with one of Us own Sncelieas ye the wey aTCP/IP Model oR Frotocal Suite > PIE was developed prion tothe ost Madel Ost i “ToPTTP “hit er Te Apticadroh —- a “| taqeyAd, i 4- Levels of addres sivg ave _whed 2 ies iy an_internel employing —the: TeP/iP protocals _ i i im Addyessea _ Fo va Iz Tors. “Physical seal fort Specific | Addyease > Acelyesses Ackles || Addclverser | Relotions tip of: Lovers awd —_ addlyea ed th Te ese { 1 5 ! { Specific, Appliigtion Layes |. Proceggear | Tn” acl ene Transport Leyes SCP TCP UDP —> sadstanes { Networx Layers IP and other Protocols — Rie Data Link Loved Unde lying > Phyrical Phyical _adehzeMed Plyrscal Layes Neluoy ky ‘ Phyrical Addresses > 7 Also Rvown ah Link addyess. ¢ —?is_the odd ess_ofa rede Ceompuley) as defined by tts LAN ox WAN : & = It ip inchuded in the frnwe ured by the | Data Liyk Layes( DLL) a 2 It is Sourst Sevel addveag 3 Physical oddseah have authority —ovwy the Nia C1, wall 2 Te Sige and format of these addvesaes vaay : dtpendire on the N/wd.o> fox enomple, Ethernel: wy a , 6 byte C48 bits) Physical addycas that 14 imprinted on fhe Ned f! —_intlerface_card (NIC), local Talk (Apple), however, fal _1- byte warlivess that eget each time the dlation _comes_up» Logical Addxensea — axe necesgaxy universal communication, tet _ aye indeperdenit of erLyi ical N/a. => Physical addresses axe not adequate in an intexnetwork —_envisyonment where different networks Can have different add wa DA fopical eddyers in the Inteanet iA _currenll, a 32 bit addvess CIP addvess) that can ssnigucly define a host connected to the _Inteynet. > The physical addsesses will change fom top to hop, but the fovical adllyesgoh usually, — xemain the Awe. fost Addvesnes > > In _intexnet communication a proce Can Communic with anole _pyocers of Adiffeseut maine. > For _@t+5 Computes Aca communitate wrth Comply a “t —_C_by uring TELNET. At {he Lowe {ie de Can Commuyicale with Compiler ny FTP. Fox these processes o xeceive data sinGulfarcously nx need a _melhod to Jabel the different proces. q processes In_othes words, they need add yesg. tn the Tep/ie acitecluse, the fabel aisigned {oa _px0cc 1s Called port _add vers. oe erase sot IC CW Wn Denoth:& > Tue pied addsepsep change. fio" hop to pe bit “Ine Lovical and port! oddscased usually semain the “Same. e — Specific Add yeases > = “Some one ave ies friendly add vemcb ; fox that _Apecific _addyeas. > in ccieccae en, he fe addea _C vinayak @ Arinem: ae and the URL ‘Ca Www, Agmeem ac- iw). 7 These. addvessed ee get_ changed to the Coxitapandirg ptt a wd "logical Yaddsenses ey the. Atedisf compu tex, Tyangmiggion Media Sendey Receives [Al - = A _trangwibsion wedluin Can _he baad if i thet can Caryn inform Aouxte to destimblon. Ee e& & = T Phyrical layed , | Transmission Mediur tS EE — Cable ox aiys: & & mR ®&ng ry Guided Cwived Unguided (wireless) —— Ld “punted faiy —_ Coanial __ Fiber - Optic. fare SpaceCEMul) Cahke cable Calole. ia Roady Wve. MizgoWave bere Guided Media — 2? TWwisted paix and tomndal cable use __wnetaf hic Ceoppey) Conductors that accept £ transpryt Aiguals tn the form of efectyic cuxsent - > Optical felt ip Cable thet oc cepa £ transport Aiganls in form of Light. Twisted paix Cable => ea ae fodtucly SF Ee > A _twisted paix Cond, Coorvally copper) , each __urth ith own plastic intulation , tuisted topalies : > Ove of therFustres ~ ig” wed 40 euvry Alynald to the ' veceivey_ awl __the_othey if wed only af a gsourd referee. the _veceiver’ UdeA ‘ne_diffexence of _Aiprals “lectween these 2 tonductons (wines ), i 2 The wise ox cvosstafk im the 2 paral efNote? Twisted paiy Cables used ten'telephore fines to provide wice & data channels. HS Speed lo mbps 10 Jo 4 bps. Date:... Wagan. LAN: conductors ip thigh tut this Ta gacally “reduced im twisted parr cables due to the talsting chavacteri sic» 7 Inthe fivet twist, one _conductoy 15 near to _voise Source __and__4[.e ofhey 18 _fav_fxom the Aource but in the nett tuist__the verb __ happens __and the _reAwltant noise iB vecy Sand tence the balance _in i lity ig wointained and the veccivey seceis vey Sess oy no noire. The 4 fast of ae tn ‘ished pare caloles Tata de the __vo. of twists per & ie -”, rd cable 2 Tey aye of 2 type - 1) Unghi elded “Twisted fir cables (UTA ) ShieWed: Taisted Pair bles CSTP) Pram a nn Coonial Cale = tlt er a 7 : fey al Te . Conduc flishe lovers Shield )> Speed ip __\0__wlops +o 100 _ mbps > wanial _Ghle (ox Coan) Caryies Sigel of higher _frepucnty sompes than _twishell pair “cables. > Single Solid Copper “wire cove that if Gove ved, byt sasulating matesial . => Coppey mesh" id used to Covey the indulged Copp _wrie_4o protect from (noise) efect0- yogic - waves. = _cfyies bath analog £ eligtal Ayvels,. = It is wbed for "video “trankwiissions -fow televisions . fo or for long — distance _telePhare dines avd "LANG. ty = It ip of 2 types, thicknet and thinned: > brpensive than twisted pair and not Coupatible with TP. Fibex Optics > wp leds dense weiner ZA CTaddiyg 7 7 LLL. Send Coren, aiDReceives Su Ai Ze g S nog dente wedliun~ Speed is Oo gbpg + + 2 a Spal axe ane ab ea Pulses eich ave C Fine i: ee i by gly ding ovwd “ pyolective bay eK 2 ran elec i back into the Core, ~ the sive 4 ht along (> Seure = tas very” £0 Sign al ty het for Ialesnct ” 0 lag we > Expensive, difficult tp mean => Diffadt to yepaisoes Waves CEMW) of “lifeseat P_Frequencis : are _uged’, Micvowayes ae Counurnanitatiiy ob Dh atploeen. ‘oes "wt > Speed id} 1 pe to__|o pops > _Used__fox_thigh speed _terandmiA sion 2 _Infoymatown “is _ Aent via ynicyowaves from ground based transmitting ard —-yeceivivy — Afations: 2 Tots sourd avi aeruphits ore a Conversted__in to microwave pulses dnd transmitted 3 iCxoulove tions (also Known aA) repeater Afations) wust be er every 50 Kins to _veceive amplify and, en > tt Can not. ps Bayh ob cle 2 e jOv- Rodin waves > anak Roslin => Speed ip | mbps to lo mbps. = Used_fos cordless phones, AM_& FM tad © ——tronpmnisgian soy tnth voice & data 2 Lun travel Jo fog diglances and penertyater 2 fequind a transmitter to ser es = _ vadlo Sigvals ard a eceivey to & > The selcivers whe an _avlenna to -yeccie aS rtnein bs leo? ‘An enavnph e of the Mort yan blunasleeat & xfadio 16 bluetooth. = wed in pil wob ile inteds ete. * - Porgmit a yate ftps2 Vnidisectio and __ingecure _ > Interference Aych ah selections _fv0r water Colbutey Rodin > Speecl ip _lo_wtbps vl abps => Used Vn wieless mre my wd__¢e. Clow ane > _Wges hig = frequcre acio waves __ to taansmit’ voice 2 “digital checter. > Cer comnect mobile Jeounpue A to the cellular eee +o acehh the web > fe ant ice a ib 4 pet of cholo wed for ceblubar devices f Bike La tops Cclhifa phone ek = It xeeuires Compley _infaaktaucture. = Well “planned fre un _digtyiloutien lwf-vo Red CLR) > Speed ips 1 gong > Vath in rewrote _contiols for televisions optical raoube and enlertaimment devices Hat is" invisible “ to ur ano “is yust above the xe end of the calewy Spectrum. > lt works aver a modexite band width — us Kbps owl _atsks upta feed meted 7 IRDA port ib _finesl lo_toanfex_data > Alteimlive to shogt auc toertta aH bs. thot cand ws) band wicl tb. > Jt yeu a Tne SF Sight Twas mi 5S or, “tage thannel bikeSwitching 7 » Switching in “Computer network helps “mn deciding the edt xo cata transmission “if there axe multiple paths in _a ages network. > One - to- One Connection % Stkchieg Technine L J L _Citeuit Wessage facket Switchi Suit ig Switchi ¢ ae Datug-sam_ Vi-xtuak heat J _aotron Pye) layed Applian: Approach Civeut itching >. (Connection Oriented) > A dedicated Gath ib established be taeen — the Aten ceive. Crete | = Before a ‘en eal established firgt. CHeade-s not vequived ) 1 2 Erample.<—Telephova reddor kk a Spends citut Awitding ( (osincelis establixhment 7 5) Data__+tvansfew 4 al) Commection dis Connection Repravation of | Rath, ‘ 4 « VL Effie y Le Delo, LeapMessage Switching 7 COrnection Less Sesvice ) > Stole and fused mechani yn. (top by tp delves, > Merpage is taansfervd ab a Complete_ unit“ avd forwarded 7 Atore awd ee mechanism at Dine imbenomediong => mal Burtedl for Atveamirg media & veal- 2 ” > He mtetret” is a pot ket Auitch nw ik, > Message is _byoken into individual chunks called ah pockets & prot is Ryo packetization . 2 bach packet ip Bent nbividually. > bach packet will 4ave Seuyee & destination \P_addyess, sith nee number: = Seq rence numbers ali help the veceives te Ky Reoydey the packets. 2) Detect _mis3irng — onckets 3) Send acknowledgments —___ ae ae 4o packet Aultching ! 1 gO appsoach r a “he Chiepit ap 5 2 A FEVEMS oro he fore fe? cae Sa See aw Sait atingNa Date: oe : ) sac A saree > Creston hapa in batemnet => 0: Agata facket Suott chi also Rnown ah covmnectionlless — switdlirg > bach independent anflly is Called oak dactog vam tlt — cabin dette infeiatln | and” the intevmechary devices uses the | iMforwation to ight Jeptina > itehi vi appyoach | Ah i, med, Cout: oxde om rote vedeg ta th ny ji 2 fo - packets. i Tae ht a Rerervation < i Vistuat Ciscuit Apptoa de > Coommecton Oviented) > Vittuol cit udrte- j, oO: connection - ovtented switching > \n the cate of vt Gyeuit Asditching, | a preplanned oute js & befor the. -<'e age Sent, (Some oder ) ( ams Et Qxe__ ub ‘b_ eflablich the _Gannectian between fender Le veceiver In this 99) foarh fot. the a eel of Jogical convection.Datagram Packect fference bla __‘Dactag ran & Virtual cht: > Vittuad cixeult facket Switchi tcf warty Used ‘Totton Nid Leyey gic on Data Link Layer ') Comnee Howlers Cornection - Oxiented Centr i not fired ) Chath id fixed ) 2) No Resesvattor~ Reresvation Ccpu, buffer, bandwidth } 3)__ Out _of Over Same O«: dee lz each packet fa, heoder Gat of the PRY om out wt, 4) Wid” Overhead —\esh Overbead *Aldbal feadestin 1°pht) 5) Move Pocket Last 1 Les _facket lost | 6) Uged iw _\nteynet Xe, ATM . Anyncerow HOT Capt 1 Gost 8) Efficiency ae Efficiency L | ~ 4 fo) Store £ forusard Mechavsi sonMaceleales Ve Differenbiad Manchester Gneads ~ B Used in clipe Yo dial 1° + > — Da Trowuh . > 1 laee fe oi] 472 Conve ntiong 7 \) De. Thomas — Convention 2) TEFL Convention 1 1 \ 1 oO , \ Jo a ' ) \ | x. ts LC a pe Bleed i - : Guertinre iffenenl Manchester Encoding o= fl, Lf —> Choose any ne im ], J Llo p22 { a. | ot | 0 { t Ty ai = es