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Lecture 5 DE CS

This document discusses first order linear ordinary differential equations and Bernoulli equations. It provides the general solutions for homogeneous and non-homogeneous first order linear ODEs as well as Bernoulli equations. Examples are given to illustrate finding the general solutions. Exercises are also provided to solve initial value problems and differential equations using specified methods.

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12 views7 pages

Lecture 5 DE CS

This document discusses first order linear ordinary differential equations and Bernoulli equations. It provides the general solutions for homogeneous and non-homogeneous first order linear ODEs as well as Bernoulli equations. Examples are given to illustrate finding the general solutions. Exercises are also provided to solve initial value problems and differential equations using specified methods.

Uploaded by

nvn15964
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

First Order Linear Ode :


• First order linear ODE can be given by:

Equation is called homogeneous equation if

Then the general solution to equation is given by:


∫

Then the general solution to equation is given by:

∫ ∫

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 31


6. BernOuLLi equatiOn:
This equation take the form:

Notes :
• If then equation turn to first order linear ODE .
• If then equation turn to separable equation.
• If then the general solution to equation given by:

∫( ∝) ∝ ∫

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 32


Example:

Find the general solution for the following equations:

(1) 𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 .

(2) 𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑦 .

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 33


Solu.(1): 𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 . ⟶ (∗)

𝑃 𝑥 = 1 , 𝐺(𝑥) = 𝑒

Then the general solution of equation (∗) given by :

∫
𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒∫ 𝐺 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫
⇒𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐 + ∫ 𝑒∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒 = c𝑒 + 𝑒 .

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 34


Solu.(2):
𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑦

⇒ 𝑃 𝑥 = 1, 𝐺 𝑥 = 1, 𝛼 = 2

∫( ∝) ∝ ∫
𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒 1 −∝ 𝐺 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫( ) ∫
⇒𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒 1 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐− 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐+𝑒 = 𝑐𝑒 + 1.

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 35


Exercises :

solve the initial value problem:

1) 𝑦́ + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 , 𝑦 0 =1 .

2) 𝑦́ + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑒 , 𝑦 0 = −2.5 .

3) 𝑦́ + 𝑦 = 𝑦 , 𝑦(0) = − .

4) 𝑦́ + 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦 , 𝑦 0 =3.

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 36


Exercises :

solve the following differential equations, indicate which method you are used :

1) 𝑦́ + 2𝑦 = 0.

2) 𝑦́ = 1 − 𝑦 .

3) 2 𝑥 y 𝑦́ + 𝑥 − 1 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑒 .

4) 𝑦́ + 4𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑦 0 = −4.3 .

DR. NAGWA RAGAB 3/22/2024 37

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