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Vectors

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Vectors

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Aravind Maurya
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AKON CCOGNITIONS PRIVATE LIMITED SUEUR p Ure en) 25+(-1)=0 = [8 B} is linearly dependent O Three coplanar vectors are always linearly dependent Example: 'f&, B and & are coplanar, then & = xa + yb, for some scalars x and y = x2 +yb+(-1)E=0 = {4, 6, & is linearly dependent. Q Two non-zero, non-collinear vectors are always linearly independent Three non-zero, non-coplanar vectors are always linearly independent Q The points with position vectors 6, are collinear if 244+ ab = 0 with Dy thy thy =0 Q Four points with position vectors a, 6, ¢ d are coplanar if A+ Agb+Agd+ hyd = 0 with dy thy thy thy =0 Superset of every linearly dependent set is linear! dependent Example: {(4 0, 0), (0, 4.0), (0, 0, 4), (4, 2, 3)} is linearly dependent, but {(4, 0, 0), (0, 4.0), (0, 0, 1)} istinearty independent Q {0)is linearly dependent G1 Subset of linearly independent is linearly independent but superset need not be linearly independent. Example: {(4. 0), (0, 1)} is linearly independent, but {(1, 0), (0, 1), (7, 8)} is linearly dependent ty dependent, but subset need not be linearly ESE Ee #8§=—eu Section Formula Internal Division: ‘The position vector of a point P, which divides internally the line Ala) mm P(B) joining the points A and B, with position vectors and b , in the ToS a6) ratiom: n, is | ° External Division: The position vector of a point P which divides = externally the line ‘The position vector of their mid - point M is 3(é+6) if wnat and C(é), are the vertices of a triangle ABC, then the centroid ofthis triangle is x (a+b +8) Mustration 1: Show that points with pv. 4-26 +33, 24+3b-6, 48-76+7E are collinear. It is given that vectors @ b, © are non-coplanar. Solution: and 2s, such that 2B + 3C)+29(-28 + 3b -€) +25(48- 75 +76) = 0 with As + i +2: Equating the coefficients of 3, and & separately to zero, we get 3 = 0, -2ka + Sha~ Tha = 0 and Bh1- Ae + Tho = 0 We find that i1 = -2, i2= 1, 23= 1 so that iy + ho + 2a =0. Hence the given points are collinear. Mlustration 2; Find the condition that the three points whose position vectors are A sai+bj+ck B=i+cj and C= -i~j are collinear, Solution: IFA, Band C are collinear if AB = 78C. Comparing, we get, c=0,1-a 2h and b= => a-2b=1. Mustration 3: In a quadrilateral PARS, PQ =4, OR=6, SP =4-6 , Mis the midpoint of QR and x is apoint on SM such that SX= 4/5 SM. Prove that P,X and R are collinear Solution: IIT JEE-2021-MATHEMATICS-VECTOR] 8 and SX - 4 gyi - 85-25, 6S 6 5 We note that PX = PS + SX = 8464852 5° 5 See ==(P 5(PO+aR sPR Hence P, X and R are collinear Cae meee 0(0 < 0 0, an obtuse angle i &b <0 and are at right angle if ab = 0. Also ab = (projection of 4 on b )|b |, and |b |cos0 = projection of B on & boos Now a. B Alb 5 b |4]|6| cosd = |b [cosd = Ta Moreover, 5c? (a+b) 'fi,j_and k are three unit vectors along three mutually perpendicular lines, then +b? +246, (&+b).(4-b) =a" -b?, where a=|a|and b= |b] 1+ by] +bgk, then Ab = ab, + ayb, + Agby jd) + apby + agbs fa? +28 + a3 oz +b} +b} (eh vab val and | = oF +b2 +2, cos 0 K and an angle Mustration 4: Find the unit vector which makes an angle of 45° with the vector 2i +2) ‘of 60° with the vector j-k Solution: Let the unit vector be ¢ =¢,i +c,j+c,k, so that © -6, 22 ~ eos 60° = 02 — ¢: 3 3 2, #26, -05 = and “2 5 Also cf+ co} +03 =1 qe ety a4 845-88 stoa= 2 2 8 ~2° Hence the required vectors are (3 0, 2 ———eeeSSSSSSSSSSSSSheFeee ESTE CG Mustration 5: Solution: Find the component of i in the direction of the vector i +j+2k.. is j+ak ve Hence the component of i along the given vector «on ithe 2k 1 Ve = Projection of i on Aunit vector along 1+ j+ 2k is ve eS Somers De a eS Problem 1: Solution: Problem 2: Solution: Problem 3: ‘Show that the solution of the equation k ¢ +7xa=6 where k is a non-zero scalar and 4 and b are two non-collinear vectors, is of the form 4 ara i-— [ee Aa +kb+axb (+a?) ke The vectors b, are non-collinear and therefore # can be expressed as F @ +y b+ 2(axb) (1) where x, y,Z are some scalars. ‘Substituting this in the given equation k # + Fxd=6 she a thy Deke (xb) (xd +-yb+2(xb))xa = 6 She sky Deke (@xb)+0+y (6xd)+z (xb) a so kx Athy B skz (@xb)-y(axb)+z [ (@. a) b-( = (- (8. B) 2) A+(ky +z @ . 8) B+ (xb) (kz-y) = k Comparing, we get, x = —“-°_ se k (K +a?) 7 wae Putting these values in (1), we get 7-1 fe ' ‘| a5-a5] (+a?) [Lk &z= Show that the vectors i+), [+k, k+i are linearly independent. Consider x(i+j)+y(j+k) +z(k Where x, y, z are scalars. = (x+2)i+(y+x)]+(y+2)k-0 3x4z=0,y+x=0,y+z Solving above system of equations, we get x =0 the given vectors are linearly independent. =0 Two points P and Q are given in the rectangular cartesian coordinates on the curve y = 282, such that OP-i=-1 and OG-i=2, where i is a unit vector along the x-axis. Find the magnitude of OO - 40P Solution: Problem 4: Solution: Problem 5: Solution: Problem 6: aoe Let P(x:, ys), Q(xe, yz) be the given points O° y OB.i = projection of OP on the x-axis =X! =~ ee y and OG i = projection of OG on the x-axis = "2 it~ aies6) It fs unitvector along the y-axis, then OP =“! ‘0 = 0G-40P = 61 +8] = [Od 40F| = 136 +64 = 1°- Consider the vectors Jit] +e0s(y-8)4 1+ cos(p -a)j+cos(y-a)k, cos(a-B)! +) * | rent angles. andeoa(u)i+eo(p-1)i ak, mere ban a tenn fa, B and y IF these vectors are coplanar, show that ais independent of Since the three vectors are coplanar, 1 cos(f-a) —c0s(y- lcos (a -p) A cos(y-f)|=0 lcos(a-y) cos (B-y) a cosa sina 0 |\cosa sina | = |cosp inp 0 ||cosp sinB =0 jcosy siny a-{\|cosy siny 1 In a parallelogram OABC with OA = a, OC = ¢,, point D divides OA in the ration: 1 ang CD and OB intersect in point E. Find the ratio CE/ED. Let O be the initial point. é net on eee nS dat pat net ete ene te 0 Oat wet ned wet het (since a and é are non-collinear) CE net ving for 2, we find that == = y = 9*t Hence solving for 2 Bout ABC is a triangle and D,€,F are three points on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively such that BD:DC = 2:3, CE:EA = 1:2, AF:FB = 3:1, Using vector method prove that AD, BE and CF are concurrent. GS -« Solution; Let B be the initial point. Let the position vectors of ‘AandC be a and &. The position vectors of D, E and F are then 26 a 3 respectively, 5-4 and that (5 Equation of ine AD is # = +t! oftine FF =8 3 4 If these lines intersect “(e-) 18-2. = Position vector of Pis 225 6 3 6 atP, a+26 6 Its intersection with CF gives k = 1/2, Equation of line BE is 3 = Point of intersection of BE and CF is a which is the same as P, Hence the lines AD, BE, CF are concurrent, Problem 7: — The position vectors of the Points P and Q are 5i+7j- 2 and -31+3]+6k respectively. The vector A = 31 ~]+K passes through the point P and the vector 8 = ~8i+2)-+4k passes through the point Q. A third vector 2 +7) 5k intersects vectors ‘A and B . Find the position vector of the points of intersection Solution: Any point L on the vector A has position vector (+ 3H +(7-H)+(20e Any point M on the vector B has position vector (-3-3mji + (3+ 2m)j + (6+ 4myk Since LM is along 2i +7) -5k OM =2(25 +7] -5k), Equating the coefficient of i, We find that_m Dae gE Problem 1: Ifthe points A (2, 8,3), B a, ~§, 1) and C (~ 1, 14, 9) are colinear, then the value of asp is equal to (A)2 (B)-2 (c)3 (D)-1 Solution: AB = OB -OA =(a-2)i-(5+p)j-2k AC = OC-OA =-31+(11-p)j+6k AB, AC are collinear => AB = xAC (For some scalar 4 # 0) —eeeeeeeeSeSSSSSFSSSSSSSSSMSe ESE: Problem 2: Solution: Problem 3: Solution: Problem 4: Solution: the coefficient of ii ky a-2=-3), ~ +.= ~1/3 and hence a = 3, B = Hence (A) is the correct answer. 2.(11 ~ B), -2= 6A (equating 1 les and Ifa! isa real constant (Jal > 2) and A, B, C are variable angi Ve 4 tan + atanB + va? +4 tan C= 6a, then the least valve of ta tan? Cis (A)3. (8) 12 (jo (06 in? A+ tan? B+ Ve? ~4 tana + atanB + Va? +4 tan C= 6a : = (a? ai +2) va? +48) (tani + tan + tank) = 68 = Vee? 4) a? +a? +A) ian® A +tan® B+ tan’ Coos = 6a 5-4 = |Alldlcose where 0 is the angle between two vectors. (Since p-4 = |[llalcos® ) = (3a) Vtan® A+ tan? B + tan? C = 6a sec 0 = (3a2) (tan? + tan? B + tan? C) = 36a? sec” 0 . = tan? A+ tan? B + tan? 2 sec? 02 12 (Since sec? 021) Hence (B) is the correct answer. Let & and bbe two unit vectors such that a+ Bis also a unit vector. Then the angle between 4 and 6 is (A) 30° (6) 60° (C) 90° (0) 120° Since and 6 is a unit vector, (&+6)(4+b) =1 = 4-4 +6.6+28-6 =1 914142 8-6 1 2-b =-172, Hence the angle 0 between a and 6 is given by cos =~ 1/2 = 0=120° Hence (D) is the correct answer. Itis given that ¥ =2i-j+k and ¥ =1+3)-2k, & = y= 31+ 2)-5k. If & =ph +h +rh, then (A) p=ar (B)p=atr at (C)p=q= Naor We have 3i + 2)-5k = p(2i-j+k)+q(i+3]-2k) +121 +]-3k) = Opt -2r=3, (a) —p+3q +r=2, p-2q-3r=-5. ‘Adding all the equations, we get 2p +2q = 4ri.e.p+q=2r. Equation (1), gives = q=1,r=2. With these values of g, p,r. Hence (B) is the correct answer. ES a Problem 5: A parallelogram is constructed on 53 +25 and @~3b where |a| = 2/2 and |b = 3. Ifthe angle between @ and is n/4, then the length of the longer diagonal is (A) 473. (B) /593 (C) Vara (0) 504 Solution: The vector representing one of the diagonals is $8426 +a—36 =6a-b Hence the length of the diagonal = \(68-b)-(6a-b) = (86 18P + 1b? 128-b - J96x8+9~2xIx? 15, The other diagonal is 58 + 2b - a +3b = 4a45b. Uts length = 16]aF 425? +40a-b = V128+225+40%2x3 = \503. Hence (B) is the correct answer. STE TTT wes For what values of 3. are the vectors xi +2)+k, 31+ aye . ]+K coplanar. a, b, c are three non-coplanar vectors, Show that the points with p.v.'s 64-4b+106, -Sa+3t 10¢, 48-66-10 and 2b+10 are coplanar, Show that vectors || @+|@|B and |b|-|a|B are orthogonal ‘Show that the points with position vectors -i + 6]+6k, ~4+9}+6K and 7]+10k forma right- angled triangle. The sides of a parallelogram are 2i + 4] — 5k and i+2)+3%. Find the unit vectors parallel to the diagonals. Find the value of the constant S such that the scalar Product of the vector i+j+K with the unit vector parallel to the sum of the vectors 2i +4] ~5k and Si+2]+3K is equal to one. Let & b, & be vectors of length 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Let 2 be perpendicular to (6+8), 6 to (G+) and é to (+6). Find the length of the vector 2+5+é {a+ ~b), show that the vectors and 6 are perpendicular to each other. if lal=[6l=[a +d » then prove that [a ~6| = /3 A.unit vector coplanar with i+j+2k and i+2j +k and perpendicular to isj+kis de (8) glk) (D) none of these EEE 10, ais z b=6, then "4.6.6 are vectors such that 4 . 6 =Oand 4+ =¢. they ={al (| sinoa, The vector product of wo vectors & and B, wien as xB, i the vector 6 Where 9 ig URe angle between a andé, (0 < 0 < x), and i is a unit vector along the line een ‘0 both 3 2ndB. The direction of & is such that , Band Gform a ight - handed system. The result ig, ‘ector, that is why itis called vector product. Note that axb=4x a ,axa= teh jxjekxee O and ix jak jx 1 Ax(b+6)=axb+axé, Two Non - zero vectors a andb are collinear if and only if axb=0. It i ii j k | @ —_a5| = (a,b, ~ ayb,) i+ (ayb, ~aiDa) + (21D ~ 2abs)k = [axb]=1) 15] sino =2(5 181151 sno) = 2 (Area of triangle AOC) = Area of parallelogram OABC. ‘The area of the parallelogram, whose adjacent sides are represented by vectors GA=4 and OB =6, is fax xb]. Here &xB is said to be the vector area of the parallelogram with adjacent sides OA and OB. The unit vector (ax ‘and the area of the triangle OAB is i Perpendicular to the plane of aand bis + » and a vector of magnitude 2 perpendicular to the plane of a and 6 is ax Mustration 1: fa Solution: We are given that & x = ax (B -9 =(6-b)x > @-d) x(b-<) =0 = a-d and b-€ are parallel, C= — ww Iustration 2: Solve for F, the equation Fxb=axb, Fe =0 provided that < is not perpendicular to 5 Solution: We are given that 7 xb =a xb => (F-8)xb=0.Hence 7-a and 6 are parallel = f-a=tb>7-¢-a Hence 7 = Scalar Triple Product: The scalar triple product of three vectors 6 and é is defined as (ax6) <. We denote it by [46 ¢ Result is a scalar, . itis called scalar triple product (&xb)€.=A(5xé)=b.(éxa) (axb) ie. [ab é]=[56 Wa=ajitayj+agk,,b = byi+byj+byk and &o, lb, by by|. Here (axb) I oe os Parallelopiped whose adjacent sides are vectors , B and ¢ eer Jr a a Crrepresents (and is equal to) the volume of the represented by the 'fhis the altitude of the parallelopiped, 0 is the angle between the vectors b and & and ais the angle which makes with the altitude, then 4. (0x2) = a [be sind] cosa = (a cosa) [be sind] =hx area of parallelogram OBA'C = volume of Parallelopiped and h = a cosa = altitude of a parallelopiped. (oe The volume of the tetrahedron ABCD is equal to a a) Note: Q (ax6)-é product. Q [abé]=[bea]-[ea6] O [ka 6 E]= KBE], [kd kB hye] =kykoks [2 6 a] 2 Scalar triple product, when two of the vectors are equal, is zero, ie, [a ab]=[46 a]=[baa]-0 4-(bxé) ie., position of dot and cross can be interchanged without altering the Scalar triple product, of two parallel or collinear vectors is zero, because if and b are parallel then B= 22 for some scalar. .. [6 é]=[4 2a é]=2[4 a é]-2-0-0 QO The necessary and sufficient condition for three non-zero vectors a, 6, & to be coplanar is that [ab <] =o. Ka NTJEE-2021- MATHEMATICS-VECTOR} =[acd]+ [bcd] Thee vectors &\5 and & are coplanait[ab ¢]=0. Moreover, (2+. bat. Mustration ' Provethat {a+b b+ Solution: Wehavefa+b b+ = (+5). ((6+2)x(e+a)) =[ -(bxt)+b(éxay=2[a Bt | Mustration 4: Prove that the lines 7 = 4+ t(Bxé), and being scalars. For the point of intersection of the lines a+t(bx6)=6+s(éxa) Solution: = aE+t(bx)c Meisner es Vector triple product of three vectors is the vector product of two vactors, one of which is itself the cross Product of two vectors. If &, 6, & are three vectors, then their vector triple product is defined as ax(bxé) = Also (xb) «6 = (&é)b -(Ba)a In general,ax(5xé) + (4x6) xe. Wx (B xd) = (axB) xe then the vectors 4 and é are collinear. B= x(Bx@) is a vector perpendicular to a and 6x6 but bxé isa vector perpendicular to the plane of 5 and & => vector 6 must lie in the plane of 6 and € > p= 8x(Bxé) =xb +yé @ Multiplying (i) scalarly by a, we have Bp . a=x(a . B)+y(@ . @) But p 14=>p.4=0 = x(a.b)=-y(é.a)ie. = x=2(6.4),y=-MA.b). - (i) Substituting for x, y, from (ii) in (), we have Ax (Bxé)=2 (6.4) - (2.5 )é], where 2 = forany 4, 6, ¢ ... (iv) i el ESE sy ty Note: The simplest way to determine i. is by taking specific values of Hence we set & i,B = ié = j, sothat (Gi i xix] Ji]= ix fo i-f]=-j= jae. Note: O (xb). (é xd) = 8 [5 «(éxd)] This is called Lagrange’s identity OD (8xb)x (xd) = (4 «6)-q 6-[(axb)-q d= 6 de- 6 qa ‘Thus vector (& 6) (Ed) lies in the plane of & and @: on the other hand (85) x (Gx) = 464) «(@ xb) = 4x4) bla + (6 xd) -2b = ((d x6) -B]a + ((6xd)-a]B which shows that this vector also lies in the plane of @ and 6. Thus the vector (&«b)x(@xd) lies along the common Section of the plane of ¢, d and that of the plane of @, 5 Mustration 5: Prove that (xB Solution: Mustration 6: Solution: We haveA+B=a = Aa+B-a a=a =8-a-a% Also AxB5 => &x(AxB)=ax6 inz RES Problem 1: Solution: Problem 2: Solution: Problem 3: Solution: ye) Prove by vector method tha sin(@— = sinv.cash— c080 sin. Let ri, re be the position vectors of the points At Yt) y and Bix, ya) in the xy-plane, making angles 0 and @ respectively with the x-axis (0 > 4). Hence xi= ricos0, y1=t sind, X2= 2 008 6, ye =r sind. (i) Now & x f =ren sin(O-4)f Ali) Butra = xi + yo) andr = xii + yi) And i « f= (xi + yd) x (ai + ys) = (xeyi—xr ya) Ail) (as ixj=—jxi= A and ixi= jj =0). From (i) and (i), x ye )= sind cos § - sing cos 0. 112 Sin(0 ~ 6) = (x2 ys x1 ye) 0 that ri t2sin(O -) = %298 = 11 f2[sin0 cos — sind cos6] = sin(8 - 4 Unit vectors a and 6 are perpendicular to each other and the unit vector ¢ is inclined at (a+6)+n(ax6), andm,n are real, prove that angle @ to both aandb. If é / <9<3n, 1450597, is perpendicualrtob => 46-0 and [ax6]=1 Hence é = m(&+6)+n(axb) > a =m 4a=ma* =m=m = cos 6 ANso &.é=[m(a +6) +n(ax6)] [im(a +6) +n(ax6)] <2 + =n? =1-2m? = 1-2c0s* @ = -cos20 => —cos2020 = n/4< 0530/4. Wax and x6 =A, prove that | +161 Here a(x) = a6 =0 A’so b.(4xb) = = 4.5.6 are mutually perpendicular vectors. = fax OBJECTIVE Problem 1: (c) A, B, C are three vectors respectively given by 2i+k, i+j+k, and 4i-3]+7k Then vector R, which satisfies the relation R xB=CxB and R-A=0, is (A) 21-5] +2k (B) -i+ 4] 42k 8i+2k (D) none of these ———_—_— ESTE ee Solution: Problem 2: Solution: Problem 3: Solution: Problem 4: Solution: We have RxB=€xB and R-A=0 = A «(RxB) =Ax(CxB) = (A-8)R-(A-R)B = (A-8)C-(A.C)B = (21)R =3C -(8+7) B > R = C-58 = Hence (C) is the correct answer. 8)+2k. The number of vectors of unit length perpendicular to vectors a =(1, 1, 0) and b = (0, 1, 1) is (ay (8)2 (3 (0)4 The vector of unit length perpendicular - ( axb) el Hence there are two such vectors Hence (B) is the correct answer. to the given vectors fr, a, b, care non null ‘vectors such that 7.2 (A)is equal to 1 (C)is equal to zero © =0, then [a (8) cannot be evaluated (D) none of these Since F, . and 3b and &.Hence a, B =f Hence (C) is the correct answer. =0, T must be perpendicular to all the three vectors and © must be coplanar ‘A non-zero vector a is parallel to the line of intersection of the plane determined by the vectorsi, i+] and the plane determined by the vectors i -j, and the vector ~ 2) + 2k is The angle between (A) n/4 (B) ni (C) nl6 (0) al3 Since 4 Parallel to the line intersection of the two planes, it is parallel to both the planes => @ is perpendicular tothe normals of both the planes. Hence a-[ix(i+]) = 4-k=0 and a-() Hence: apd ~}). 8s the angle between the given vector and & 2 (1-2) +2) 3 cos 8 = i) Hence (A) is the correct answers, ao tt—C(tsC Problem 5. Solution: Problem 6: Solution: Problem 7: Solution: Problem 8: then {(A+8)x(A+€)]+(B6)(8 +6) IFA, B and 6 are vectors such that [6 = | is equal to (Ayo (6)1 (©) [ABC] (0-4 We have (A +B)x(A+6)=Ax6+B.A+BxC = [(A+8)x(A+€)]}-(8«¢) = [A(B»0)](C-6) . > [A +8).(asc)}. (8x6) (6 ¢) = A(B-e|[6-8} [8 +C] = AG | =0, (Given that Hence (A) is the correct answer. axb and bx =, then (A) & 8 & are orthogonal in pairs but || = || ®) a, (0) a, & are not orthogonal to each other 6 are orthogonal in pairs and | | = |B , & are orthogonal but |b | #1 ae @xb=€ = 6 is perpendicular to both 4 and 6 bxG= 4 = 4 is perpendicular to both b and é. This B, & form an orthogonal system. Taking mode of both sides of given relation | || sin &| and |b] || sin =|) Putting for ||, we get || = /4l=|é|=|b]=1 If &, B, & are unit coplanar vectors, then scalar triple product [28-6 25-é 26 - a] is ‘equal to (A)o (8)1 (Cc) -V3 (0) V3 Since B, & are unit coplanar vector => [a6 So 24-b, 26-6, 26-4 are also coplanar vectors Hence [24-6 25- 26-a] =0 Let 7, 4, b and & are non-zero vectors such that ¢-4-0, [Fx] =[FI|by, [Fxé 1161, then [a 6 ¢] is equal to (Ao (B)1 (c)2 (0)-1 Solution: — |Fxb| =| F115] Hence angle between 7 and 6 is 5 = F perpendicular to F|-16| = 7 is perpendicular to é. Thus F is perpendicular 4, b and & Hence 8 b, & are coplanar = [a 6 & 1 Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors 61+2)+3% and ize Find an expression for the sine of the angle between the two vectors 3i+j+2k and 2i-2)+4k 3.8, & are non-coplanar vectors, express 4x(bx<) asa linear combination of @, 5, . 5 Wa=2i-3j+k, B=-isk a+b and b+é » ©=2)~4, then find the area of the parallelogram having diagonals 6. Given three non-zero vectors & such that (axb)xé+(bx6)«a+(dxé)x6=6, show that either the vectors @ and ¢ are parallel or 6 is normal to the plane containing & and &. laa & aq 7. Prove that 6B bel = [86 é). Hence show that vectors fe Bea xb, 6x6, 6xa are non-coplanar if and only if vectors 4, 6, & are non-coplanar. 8 ial =2, shen (a (@ x (&x(&xB)}}) is equal to (A) 48a (B) 485 (C)- 486 (D)- 48a 9. fa B[=[BxB], then the angle between & and. bis (A) 0° (B) 180° (c) 135° (0) none of these TEE a fn aseneh it Geometrical Applications Jo parallel to a given tne. Then the equation of eck : ameter. Equation of the ling Let & be the position vector of any point P and let B be @ _ om tb, where tis @ pare the line through P and parallel to the given line is = through two points A(a) and B(b) is iatt(b-3) 9. Then &+6 and &-b are the vectors along Let 4 and 6 clined at an angle 6 be unit vectors along two lines in “acre of te anges betes the Ine the intemal and extemal bisectors of 0, respectively. The ae oa a, © | f@ and #6 are given by f =| = +—— |(- real). , eee lin ipl) lit those two points A plane isa surface, such that for any two arbitrary points on tis surace, the line joining points lies on that surface. Note: Equation of a plane in vector form is 7-1 = d, where Ais the unit normal to the plane and d is the perpendicular distance of plane from origin —m)a +nb + The equation ofthe plane through the points A(a), B(B) and C(@) is F= (1 mé nnd m being parameters. given points A (4), 8 (6) and is Q The vector equation of the plane which passes through two gh [F-a b-a 6] Parallel to a given vector ¢ is given by F = (1~s)4+8b +16 oF the point with position vector & and parallel to the plane The equation of a plane passing through containing vectors 6 and é is 7=a+nb+mé , n and m being parameters. Equation of a plane perpendicular to a given vector N and passing through @ given point (a) is (F-a)-N =0 (Equation of a plane passing through the intersection of planes ff F(A, +2fy) =, +2d, Reciprocal System of Vect Let a6 and é be a system of, three non - coplanar vectors. Then the system of vectors a,b’ and é’ which satisfies 4a’ - 56’ =¢6’=1 and ab’ =aé' = ba’ =ba’ = Gd’ = Gb’ =0, is called the reciprocal system to the vectors 4,6,¢. In term of 46,é the vectors a’b’c’ are given by bxé 5, xa axb Illustration 1; Prove that the equation of the straight line through the point with p.v. dand equally incinedto vectors @, 5, TisT=d+t| O*F , xa , axb ialbl fT JEE-2021-MATHEMATICS-VECTOR} mS _ Solution: Mustration 2: Solution: Mlustration 3: Solution: Let the required line ber d+sth, where ti isa unit vector along the line. Now ab = tv is parallel to { 9 x lal 11) (by ABC is a triangle. A line is drawn parallel to BC to meet AB and AC in D and E respectively. Prove that the median through A bisects DE. Take the vertex A of the tangle ABC as the origin, Let Band & be the pw. of B and C. The mid point of BC has the pv. ©*® the equation of the median is r = LL did AB in the rato > py. of D= Let E divide AC in the ratio 1:4 = pv. E= a Since DE is parallel to CB, 4 so that .v. of the mid-point of DE = ‘which lies on the median, +H Hence the median bisects DE. Show that the points i-j+3k and 3i+3]+3% are equidistant from the plane F-(61+2]-7k) +9=0 and are on the opposite sides of it The given plane is (Si +2] - 7k) 9 Length of the perpendicular from ij +3k to it Thus the length of the two perpendiculars are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign Hence they are located on opposite sides of the plane. hortest Distance between Two No! Let two lines AB, CD not intersect. There is always a line cutting both the lines perpendicularly, ‘The intercept on this line made by AB and CD is called the shortest istance between the lines AB and CD. In the fig. the shortest rs u distance = LM, where ZALM = ZCML= 90° : Inthe above fig. the shortest distance LM = | projection of AC along ML | =|AC iM) | Let the two non-intersecting skew lines be F=a, +b, 7 Vectors of A and C and 6, d &, +t)b), where 4, é are the position are vectors along AB and CD respectively. Hence LM = | projection of (@ 4) on tj = @2=8) UM Te Now LM is perpendicular to both b and die. ABand CD Shortest Distance Between Parallel Lines Let land le be two parallel lines passing through Pb Aa) @,, & respectively in the direction 6 Wa) +6 pty +06 Let @ be the angle between AiAz and 5 Aya; xb = |A,Ay[olsinon KAyxb lol b Ala.) Ka = J»8| - auasin0= AP = distance between and al =|AAjlsinoa = Mustration 4: Find the shortest distance between the lines r = 3i+4)-k+2(2i+)-3%) and is 3}4keu(-ie3}s 28) Solution: Shortest distance = |~ [zis iai) (vif 7a . ATT 4 iz RE Pea e as problem 1: Solution: Problem 1: Solution; Find the distance of the point Pli+je K) from the plane x which passes through the points A(2i+}+k), 8(F+2}+%) ende(i+j. 2k). Also find the position vector of the foot of the perpendicular from P ‘On the plane. Here AB i+ 2) +8)~(204 J 48 i+], ie BE ~(i]+28)- (ssi) isk Ta Ix(-i+k)=jsksi / Zt Sy Hence unit vector perpendicular to the plane / isj+k a i A; thenPQ = isjek Ay) Also, PA = (2i+j+k)-(i+]+k) i and i= PQ = | projection of PA on PG] = 2(i+]+k) orS(i+]+8) Taking into account that A, B, C and Q are coplanar, we find that position vector of the The position vectors of the vertices of a triangle are 3i +4] +5k, 1+ 7k and 5i+5], then the distance between the circurcentre and the orthocentre of the triangle is (ayo (8) V306 (C) 2¥306 (0) 3/2306 Let 4=31+4]+5k, b=i+7k, €=51+5) = [al = origin is the circumcentre of the tingle = = orthocentre of the triangle = 4 +5+é = 91 +9) +12% Distance between circumeentre and the orthocentre = lé +6 + ¢| = V61+ 81+ 144 = /306 Hence (B) is the correct answer. a a Problem 2: +h, b= 1+2)-k and & = i+ ]-2k be three vectors. A vector in the a 2 plane of and @ whose projection on is of magnitude e is (A) 2143] -3k , -2i-] +5 (B) 21+3]+3k, 21-j+5e (C)-2i-j+5k, 21-3]-3k (D) 2i+j+5k, 2i-3)-3k Solution: Let R be a vector in the plane of band c = R =(1+2)-k)+y(i+]j-2k) aR 1 -(1+4) Its projection on a= =~ =— “(1s a eS acy) 2 2 (et25 w=1,-3 V3 = R= 21+3)-3k and— 2i-j+8k. Hence (A) is the correct answer Prove that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles. 2. Find the point of intersection of the three planes f-4=1, F F-G=1, where & b, ¢ are three non-coplanar vector. 3. Find the reciprocal system of the vectors 4 6 and 4xb 4, Prove that any vector * can be written as (a) Fi)i+(Fi)i+(FR)R, (b) where &, 6, & are non-coplanar vectors, 5. G’are reciprocal system of vectors, then prove that B+b+e gy ab 48)-(G' 4B 4S)=3 6. 7 A tetrahedron has vertices at © (0, 0, 0), A(1, 2, 1), B(2, 1, 3) and C (-1, 1, 2).. The angle between the faces OAB and ABC will be (A) cos"(19/35) (8) cos* (17/31) (c)30° (0) 90° ANSWERS TO EXERCISES Exercise — 1 5. (ob) S=4 6 9. A 10. Exercise ~ 2 (2 1 a a 3 5 la 2 8B ® 6 Exereise ~3 2 3 7. A HNTJEE-2021-MATHEMATICS-VECTOR] eo Linear Combination of Vectors | - - The linear combination of a finite set of vectors 8, @p, .--.8I8 defined as a vector Fsuch that Kid) + Ky’ +... kyl, , where ke, ka, ... kn are any scalars. Linearly Dependent and Independent Vectors A system of vectors &;, y,....dy is Said to be linearly dependent if there exists scalars ki, all zero) such that ki, + ked, + ... +kn@, = 0. They are said to be linearly independent if kr, + ke +... +d), Two collinear vectors are always linearly dependent. Q Three coplanar vectors are always linearly dependent. Q Three non-coplanar non-zero vectors are always linearly independent. O Three points with position vectors ,b,¢ are collinear if i + AD + Ase = a implies that ky = ke =... o 0 with Ar+ hot Aa = 0, Four points with position vectors ,b,< , dare coplanar if b+ Ago + 24d =O with Ar + 22+ ho + M4= 0. Scalar (or Dot) Product of Two Vectors zc The scalar product of @ and written as a-b is defined to be the number | || b| cos0 where 0 is wat the angle between the vectors and b ie, 4-b = abcos0. Properties -B= (acos0)b = (projection of @ on b)b= (projection of B on a ya Q a5 bare perpendicular to each other => i Veetor (or Cross) Product of Two Vectors . The vector product of two vectors aand Bdenoted by axb is defined as the vector ||| b| sind, Where 0 is the angle between the vectors, 5 and fi is a unit vector perpendicular to both @ and 6 (ie., Perpendicular to the plane of @andb). The sense of fi is obtained by the right hand thumb rule i.e. band fi form a right-handed screw. Itis evident that | @xb | = ab sin 6. Properties Q ax 0 Q ax and 5 are collinear (if none of @, or bis a zero vector) a jand jxi=-k kj ixk=-j Any vector perpendicular to the plane of 2 and 6B is i (axb) where A is a real number. Unit axb vector perpendicular to @ and 6 is+ [axb] |b | denotes the area of the parallelogram OACB, where OA = 4 and OB = B Scalar Triple Product Itis defined for three vectors, b, 7, in that order as the scalar (axb)- denotes the volume of the parallelopiped formed by taking a, b, ¢ as the co- terminus edges. ie. V = magnitude of 2xb-¢ = |@xb-¢| =[& b GJ, which can also be written simply asaxb-<. It ASST Properties _ ~ D &xb-6=8-b x6, ic. position of dot and ross can be int Hence itis also represented by [@ b &] Of 6 q- & a-6 a O [ka b Cl=Ka b gy Vector Triple Product itis defined for three vectors 3,6, G.as the vector &x (Bx a= Ingeneral,a x (B x6) + (@xb)xé (Ob - dye Bx (bx) =(@xb)xF if'some or allof 4, 6, (1) Section Formula “men FoF internal division take m:n as positive and for external division take m : n 8 negative (ie. & or nas negative), gative (i.e., either of m (2) Equation of a Line in Vector Form Following are the four useful ways of specifying a plane (0) Aplane at a perpendicular distance d from the origin and normal to a Given direction (Ai)has the equation (F - di)-dfi=0 or T-A=d (Aisa unit vector) (il) A plane passing through the point A(@)and normal to (ii) Parametric equation of the plane passing through (B) and (&) is given by has the equation(F ~a).f = 0 a A(@)and parallel to the plane of vectors D+ uC =.7-(Bxt)=[2 b a Some Miscellaneous Results A (AB AC AD, ZL \ (i) Volume of the tetrahedron ABCD = (ii) Area of the quadrilateral with diagonals d, and 4, Apa glhxh (ii) The internal bisector of angle between unit vectors and bis along the vector 4+6 . The external bisector is along 4—6 . Equation of internal and external bisectors of the lines a+b, and + ub, (intersecting at A(a) ) are given by F =a+ i Cer Nal aaavcel ean 1. (@)__Find two unit vectors parallel o the diagonal of a parallelogram whose sides are 21+ 4)-5] and 1+2)+3k (b) Prove that the points whose position vectors are: () 4-26+36,-28+ 36 - 4¢,-b + 28 (i) 58+60 + 76,78 - 86 + 96,3 + 20b + 5¢ are collinear. (©) Vectors 5 are non-colinear find x. So thatthe vectors (x—‘)a +b and (2+ x)8= 26 are collinear. (8) Show that the following vectors are coplanar (i) 826+ 36,-28+ 3b ~ 46,-b + 26 (il) S465 + 76,78 - 8b + 96,38 + 206 + 56 2, The median AD of AABC is bisected at E and BE is A Produced to meet AC at F. Prove by vector method that EF = BF shown as 8 D 3. (a) __Ois the origin and A is a fixed point on the circle of radius ‘a’ with centre O. The vector A is denoted by &. A variable point P lie on the tangent at A and OP =f . Show that af =a?. Hence if P(x, ¥) and A(x1, ys), deduce the equation of tangent at A to this circle, a (b) Solve the vector equation xb = 4b, f.6 = 0 provided that ¢ is not perpendicular to b 4. (a) _Intriangle ABC, points D, , F are taken on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively such BD _CE_ AF n-ne that: - 2 Sa = BO ER ap 7 Prove that ADEF (b) 5 (a) If 6,6 are non-coplanar, show that 4 = (4-2—sina)b+ (A? -1)6 and (66) collinear. Then find the values of the scalars 4, a. (b) if ax(Bxé)+ (4b) 6 where be are 6. Consider AABC and AA:BiC: in sucha way that AB=A,B, and M,N,M:,Nsbe the mid points of AB, BC, ArB: and B:C: respectively, then (a) MIM, (©) CG, (8) CC; = MM, (0) MiMi = BB, cS -— «w 7, Let &=airbj+ck and i=bi+cj+ak, where ab,ce Rif ‘0 be the angle between a and f then, (A) (0, ni2) (B) 0 (0, 2n/3) (C)0€ (2n/3, =] (D) none of these a If b and é are two non-collinear vectors such that 4, (5+6)=4 and 4x(B <6) =(x? -2x+6)b +(siny)é, then the point (x, y) lies on (a) (8) y=1 (C)y= (D) x+y=0 9. The position vector of a point P is F=xi+yj 42k, where x, ¥ Ze Nand a=i+j+k. it 7-A = 10, then the number of possible positions of P is ' (A) 30 (B) 72 (c) 66 (0) °c, 10. If B and & be any two non-collinear vectors, and & be any vector, then ne race , dbx (ab + (ae + F 2) 5 8) is equal to lox wa (8) 6 (@eé (0) none of these 11, If &b and & are unit coplanar vectors, then the equal to (ayo (B)1 (©) “3 08 Scalar triple product [24 -b 25-6 26 - a] is 12, ) and = 25+y(é-6) intersect at a point with position vector (A) zis the AM between | 6| and|¢| (B) zis the GM between |b | and |<] (C) zis the HM between || and|c| (D)z=|b|+ |e) 13. Let 4,b,6 be three unit vectors such that ab =0. If the angle between b and ¢ is 7/3, then the volume of the parallelopiped whose three coterminous edges are 4,6,¢ is (A) v3 12 (B) 12 1 (0) none of these 4 oD 1 vi, then the value of > Ya. is a 1stdsn (A)-ni2 (8)-n (c)n2 (O)n 18. Ifa, band c are unit coplanar vectors, then the scalar triple product (2a-b, 2b~c, 2c -a] = (At (B) 0 (c)-v3 OB EEE ao rr—(O EDT IIa 1) (ii) SECTION -1 PART-A 4j-2k, i+1 The position vectors of A, B,C and D are 21+3)+5K, i+2)+3K, SI + Show that AB is parallel to CD. 4+ 26 +36 = 0, then prove that xb +bxé+6x = 2(axb) Given & = i+2)+3k, B = 5. What is the Tesultant of these vectors. Also find a vector f which is normal to both & and inclination of # to é? i+2j+k i1+], find a unit vector in the direction of the \ parallelogram is constructed on §+25 and 4-36, where |) between & and 6 is x/4, then find the magnitude of the longer diagonal i 2 2 For any two vectors & and 6 , prove that | { aH) | i I J Ia : € @F@ non-coplanar unit vectors such that ax(5xé) = (B+6)NN2, 6 and & are none Parallel, then find the angle between a and 6 Points X & Y are taken on the sides QR & RS, respectively of @ parallelogram PORS, so that ee 3 (21) OX= 4XR& RY = 4YS.. The line XY cuts the ine PR at Z. Prove that PZ =(35 PR 4.B.¢ and d are the position vectors of the points (hy, 2);B = (y,~22, 3x); C= (22. 3x )° ay (a) 5 274 (gj is obtuse, then and D = (1, -1, 2) respectively. if |] = 23; (ab) find x, y, z. Let a= V3 jand e839 and X=4+(q? -3)b, ~pa+qb. If X Ly, then express p as a function of g, say p= f(q), (9 #0 & q # 0) and find the intervals of Monotonicity of f(q). If 8 6, 6 be three unit vectors such that ax(bxé) 26, find the angles which & makes with 6 and @, vectors 4, 6 and é being non parallel. fa, b, cand k are real constants and a, B, y are variables subject to the condition that a tana + b tanf + ¢ tany = k, then prove using vectors that tana + tan?B + tan®y > k2 /a? =p? =? If A = (1,1, 1), € =(0, 1, -1) are-given vectors, then prove that a a(§ 2 5) Prove by vector method that, (aibi + aabe + axbs)? <(ar? + ar? + a:%)(bi? + bz? + b:2) vector B satisfying the equations A x Given that 4 is perpendicular to b and p is a non-zero scalar, solve for F when p 7+(?. b)a = 6 EEE EE TESTE Veco 12, The pws of the four angular points of a tetrahedron are: A (j+ 26); B(31+k); c(4i +3) +64) & D(2i +3] + 2k) Find : (the perpendicular distance from A to the l {iy the volume ofthe tetrahedron ABCD. BC (ii) the perpendicular distance from D to the pl (iv) the shortest distance between the ines ABE GD 43, Let 4 be a unit vector and b be a non - zero vector not parallel to 4. Find the angles of the triangle, whose two sides are represented by the vectors /3 (xb) and 6-(a.6) 14.()) Ina triangle ABC, the bisector of angle A meets the opposite side at D. Using vectors prove that 8D: DC=0:b. (ii) Ima tiangle ABC, prove by vector method cos 2A + cos 28 + cos 2C > — 3/2 15 Given that 4, b, 6, q are four vectors such that 4+b=, then prove that |(8.@)p ~ (6.4)al =p. a 1, where p is a scalar PART-B (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) 1 Unit vectors 4 and 6 are inclined at an angle 20 and h - 8 <1. If0< 0< x, then 8 may belong to (A) 0, 2/6) (8) (wl6, 5/6) (C)[x/6, x12} (D) none of these 2. If], B,C arenon-coplanar vectors then 4 BC, BAX ig equalto CAB CAB (3 (8)0 (4 (D) none of there 3 Let 4=2i+j+k, k anda unit vector & be coplanar. If é is perpendicular to a, then ¢ is equal to tprie 1G _aae (A) —(-j+k (8) =(i-j+k w 548) gle a 7 (C) =(i-2 (0) = (c) zl i) 4. If vector 6 is collinear with vector a = (2/2, -14) (8) 422 {D) none of these 5. b) and [& b @=2, then! +m +nis equal to (B) 12 F-(@+b+0) (D) none of these Ses fi JEE-2021-MATHEMATICS-VECTOR| ao }£43%FSS 10, 1. 12, stem. This A vector @ has components 2p and 1 with respect to a rectangular a tee System is rotated through a certain angle about the origin in the counter -cloct : Tespect to the new system 4 has components p + 1 and 1, then (A)p =0 (8)p=1orp=-13 (C)p=-4 (0)p=torp=-1 vectors b = ( tana, -1,2,|sin ) and = (tan a, tana, ) are orthogonal and vector i \ 2 vsina!2 @ = (1,3, sin2a) makes an obtuse angle with the z-axis, then (A) a= tan-(-2) (B) a= tan(-3) (C) a= tan(2) (D)-2 0. ne Cer) (P) DG+e-f+aj=4 xabé]+ value 3, x>0 () [67] is a positive scalar has least |(Q) a-a+b-p+e7-3 (R) if (abe has least then [a+b B+é c+a]isa fay |] = 2, then the value | (ivy it [abe] = (8) if{abe of [axB Bxé éxa] isa ((-5)x(s5))e isa a ab a 5b lea 65 a 1. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination 2 (A) (1) Gi) (P) (B) (I) (i) (S) (C) (IM) (i) (Q) (D) (I) (i) (R) 2. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination ? ) (1) (ill) (R) (B) (Ill) (il) (S) (C) (IV) (i) (R) (0) (tH) (i) (S) Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination ? ° aya (i) (a) " (B) (Ill) (i) (R) (C) (1) (iv) (S) (D) (1) Gil) (P) ESE ea a CE MATCH LIST TYPE FOUR options are given representing matching of elements from LIST - | and LIST- Il. ONLY ONE of these four options corresponds to a correct matching. 1 Given two vectors p = i+2j+2k and q= +2 math the List-| with List, P. | A vector coplanar with B and is + | Bis 3] + 4k ‘Q. | A vector which forms a tangle with panda | 2) yin15}+21k R._| Avector which is equally inclined to p and q 3 j+5k S. | A vector which is perpendicular to both p and q 4. | 2i-2]+3k | 8 | iajeak 6. | -31+3]+4k The correct option is 7 (A)P+3;Q94;R>14;552 (B)P 34,09 1;R 93S 95 (C)P56;0514;R53854 (0)P>4;Q52R>5S>1 ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE This question contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason). Option (A) _ if both the statements are TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is the correct explanation of STATEMENT-1 Option (8) —_ if both the statements are TRUE but STATEMENT-2 is NOT the correct explanation of ‘STATEMENT- 1 Option (C) if STATEMENT-1 is TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is FALSE. Option (D) _if STATEMENT-1 is FALSE and STATEMENT-2 is TRUE. 1 Let Bi, Ci and Ds are points on AB, AC and AD of the parallelogram ABCD, such that AB, AC, =k AC and AD, = k3AD,, where ki, ke and ks are scalar, Statement 1: k1, 2ke and ks are in harmonic progression, If Bs, C1 and Ds are collinear. and Statement 2; AS: , ADs _ AC kK ky ky SECTION «11 (MULTI CHOICE INGL “ORRECT) Let ABCDEF be a requar hexagon and A 8 5 CD ~&. Then At is (A) a+b+é (Abe 8 he CAB CAB (0) é+a and bxé =a, then (®)laHé) {D) none of these FB and dare two unit vectors and 0 is the angle between them, then fl 7 (8) x a= sino 1. 2 Ope gee te 4 (© zb-a =1-coso ©) Sb-a =1-coszn The value of k for which the points A(1, 0, 3) ) , Bit, 3,4) C(1, 2, 1) and D(k, 2, 5) are. coplanar is (at (B)2 (c)o (0-1 Let 8B and @ be three vectors such that a bt & Then angle between 4 and 6 is (A) 15° (c)30° = O.and [al = 3, [| = 5, j= 7. (8) cos* (2/3) (D) 60° Let b=-i+4}+6%, & = 2-7)-10k. 1f 4 be a unit vector and the scalar triple product (6 €] has the greatest value, then a is ®) glia) ee 1. ioe ©) Aai+2i-8) (0) 3 (2i+2)+k) IfsectAT+j+k, i+sec?Bj+k, and i+)+sec? Ck are coplanar, then cot®A + cot? + cot2C is (A) equal to 4 (8) equal to 2 (C) equal to 0 (D) not defined 10. bxe ] (4+6)-p+(6+6)-4+(648)F is equal to (A)O (B)1 (c)2 (D)3 The value of [A x iP +a x] P+|axkP is (Aya? (B) 2a (C) 3a (D) none of these Given a cube ABCDA;B:C:D; with lower base ABCD and the upper base ABB ai. tis lateral edges AAs, BB1, CC:, DD:. M and Ms are the centres of the faces ABCD, and AsB1C:D+ respectively. O is a point on the line MM: such that OA + OB + OG + OD = OM, . if OM = OM, , then 2 is equal to 1 1 Aig ®5 4 1 (a O> 2 ANSWERS TO A\ GNMENTS SECTION -1 PART-A 1 (4) ap (Bit 5) + 4k), 401+) -K), 0 = cos: | 4 aa (a) a 7 x=2ys-22=-2 p= decreasing in q < (1, 1), q20 Qi). 12, xIB () Sua (i) 6 (iit) evi0 (wv) VE 1/2, 13, x6 4. (i) 8:3 PART-B (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) 1 A 2. B 3. A 4. c 5. B 6. B - A 8. 2 oD 10. A 1A 12 (MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT) 1 B,C 2, AB 3. B,C NUMERICAL BASED TYPE 1 1 2 1 fn se Ne ees 5 NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE 4 1.00 . 1.50 LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE 4 A 2 8B 3 DO 4 6 5 MATCH LIST TYPE 1 D MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE u (A) (0) (8) >(@) (> () (0) > (P) MATCHING TYPE 4 c 2 ¢ a A MATCH LIST TYPE 1 c Lo ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE SECTION - II (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) 1 c 2 tb 3, c 4. D ke 6 ¢ 7D a) 8 B 10 0c (REE AO MACAO eee aL) ARCHIVE JEE Main Question Bank With Answer Keys, Hints & Solutions MATHEMATICS Petr ed =. a gi 3 ee bi eau Pxr) A ms ee een ee ee ular fear ugaaaene 0 VECTORS & 3D GEOMETRY [ Vectors i MCQ-Single Correct 1. Let & be a vector coplanar with the vectors a= 2i+3)-k and B=j+k. If dis Perpendialy, 4 and U-b = 24, then 2nr =n, is equal to (1) 84 (2) 336 ; @) 318 (4) 256 tea 2 Let d=2i+j-2k and angle between ¢ and xb be 30°, Then 4 -< is equal to. +]. Let Gbe a vector such that [é-al=3, |(ax6).c]-3 and 25 i) = 2) 2 (1) 3 ( 1 @) 5 @) a lon 9 3. Let 4,6 and ébe three unit vectors such that 4 (6) (646). If Bis not parallel to ¢ then the angle between and Bis: 4 x 2n Ome 2 = (1) 2 (2) 5x an 8) = 4) = (3) ; 4) 4 (2016 1 4 Let 4,b and & be three non-zero vectors such that no two of them are collinear an (axb)x6= [4 IFO is the angle between vectors 6 and &, then a value of sind is i 2 2 ny 32 2 (a) 3 2) 5 “23 22 > ay 22 ; o 4 o> (2015 5. It [axb Bxé éxa then 2.is equal to () 2 2 3 @) 0 @4 tory 6. I the vectors AB =3i+4k and AC =$i-2)+4k are the sides of a triangle ABC, then the lengt of the median through A is (1) Viz @) V3 @) V5 4) V8 (2013) 10. 11 13, 14 7 ind bbe two unit vectors. If the vectors &=4+26 and Let 4 a rade =58-4b are perpendicular to secnatner, hen the angle between Band B is * x . a) = M3 @) a ® x 3 @ 5 (2012) le Let ABCD be a parallelogram such that and ZBAD be an acute angle. If f is the vector that coincides with the altitude directed from the vertex B to the side AD, then 7 is (aa) . 64a Pays (2012) irihe vectors pit] +Kitqiek and isjek @eqerse 1) par-(ptat nis Oa Q) -2 @) 2 @) 0 are coplanar, then the value of [2011] Let 4, b, € be three non-zero vectors which are Pairwise non-collinear. If 4 +3b is collinear with & and 6 +26 is collinear with 4, then 4+35 +68 is @ 6 @ a+é oe a ¢ 2011] ithe vectors 4 =i-]+2k,b=2i+4j+k andé=ni+j+pk are ‘mutually orthogonal, then (/., 4.) = a) 2-3) 2) (2,3) @ @-2) (4) 3,2) {2010} Let 4=]-K and é=i-]-k. Then vector 6 satisfying 2x5 + (1) 2i-j+2k (2 i-j-2k (3) i+j-2k @) -i+j-2% [2010] If G, ¥,W are non-coplanar vectors and p, q are real numbers, then the equality [3i pv pwi]-[pv W ai]-[2W qv ai]=0 holes for (1) exactly one value of (p, q) (2) exactly two values of (p, q) more than two but not all values of (p,q) (4) all values of (p, q) [2003] The vector & = ai +2} +Bk lies in the plane of the vectors b = i+] and 6=]+K and bisects the angle between B and & . Then which one of the following gives possible values of o. and (3? (1) @=2,p=2 @Q a=1,p=2 @) a=2,B=1 (4) a= 1,.p= [2008] The non-zero vectors , 6 and & are related by 4=8b and ¢ a and () 0 (2) nl4 @ 12 @) on [2008] b. Then the angle between ee EME

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