F=F(cosθxi+sinθxj)

F1=58(cos30∘i+sin30∘j)=50.23i+29j kN

F2=50(−cos45∘i+sin45∘j)=−35.36i+35.36j kN

F3=45(−513i−1213j)=−17.31i−41.54j kN

F4=40i kN

Which of the following correctly defines the 500 N force that passes from A(4, 0, 3) to B(0, 6, 0)?
A. 256i - 384j + 192k N
B. -256i + 384j - 192k N
C. -384i + 192j - 256k N
D. 384i - 192j + 256k N

From the figure

rAB=−4i+6j−3k m

Unit vector from A to B:

λAB=rABrAB

λAB=−4i+6j−3k(−4)2+62+(−3)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√

λAB=−0.5121i+0.7682j−0.3841k

Rectangular representation of F:

F=FλAB

F=500(−0.5121i+0.7682j−0.3841k)

F=−256i+384j−192k N

Answer: B

Problem 004

Referring to Fig. 1.4, determine the angle between vector A and the y-axis.

A. 65.7°

B. 73.1°
C. 67.5°

D. 71.3°

Axy=Asin30∘

Axy=0.5A

Ay=Axysin40∘

Ay=(0.5A)sin40∘

Ay=0.321A

cosθy=0.321

θy=71.3∘

Answer: D

005 Components of a force in rotated axes

Problem 005
Find the components in the x, y, u and v directions of the force P = 10 kN shown in Fig. P-005.

Px=10cos60∘=5 kN

Py=10sin60∘=8.66 kN

005-projected-forces.jpg

Pu=10cos40∘=7.66 kN

Pv=10sin40∘=6.43 kN

Problem 007
A block is resting on an incline of slope 5:12 as shown in Fig. P-007. It is subjected to a force F = 500
N on a slope of 3:4. Determine the components of F parallel and perpendicular to the incline.

θ=α+β

θ=arctan(3/4)+arctan(5/12)

θ=59.49∘

Fx=500cosθ=500cos59.49∘

Fx=253.85 kN answer

Fy=−500sinθ=−500sin59.49∘

Fy=−430.77 kN answer

Problem 009
The body on the 30° incline in Fig. P-009 is acted upon by a force P inclined at 20° with the horizontal. If P is resolved into
components parallel and perpendicular to incline and the value of the parallel component is 1800 N, compute the value
of the perpendicular component and that of P.

θ=20∘+30∘

θ=50∘

Perpendicular component

Pn=1800tanθ=1800tan50∘

Pn=2145.16 answer

Value of P

P=1800cosθ=1800cos50∘

P=2800 answer
 Problem 016

The magnitude of vertical force F shown in Fig. P-016 is 8000 N. Resolve F into components
parallel to the bars AB and AC.

By Sine Law:

FABsin20∘=8000sin40∘

FAB=4256.71answer

FACsin120∘=8000sin40∘

FAC=10778.3 ans

RESULTANT OF CONCRRENT FPORCES

Problem 011

Three ropes are tied to a small metal ring. At the end of each rope three students are pulling, each trying to move the
ring in their direction. If we look down from above, the forces and directions they are applying are shown in Fig. P-011.
Find the net force on the ring due to the three applied forces.

Rx=ΣFx

Rx=30cos37∘−50cos45∘−80cos60∘

Rx=−51.40 lb

Rx=51.40 lb to the left

Ry=ΣFy

Ry=30sin37∘+50sin45∘−80sin60∘

Ry=−15.87 lb

Ry=15.87 lb downward

R=Rx2+Ry2−−−−−−−−√

R=51.402+15.872−−−−−−−−−−−−√

R=53.79 lb

tanθx=RyRx=15.8751.40

θx=17.16∘ Thus, the net force on the ring is 53.79 lb downward to the left at θx = 17.16°.
Problem 013
Three vectors A, B, and C are shown in the figure below. Find one vector (magnitude
and direction) that will have the same effect as the three vectors shown in Fig. P-
013 below.
Rx=100cos37∘+100cos150∘+80cos233∘
Rx=−54.88 N
Rx=54.88 N to the left

Ry=100sin37∘+100sin150∘+80sin233∘
Ry=46.29 N
R=Rx2+Ry2−−−−−−−−√
R=54.882+46.292−−−−−−−−−−−−√
R=71.79 N
tanθx=46.2954.88
θx=40.15∘
θ=180∘−θx=180∘−40.15∘
θ=139.85∘
R=71.79 N at 139.85degrees Answer

014 Solving for force with given resultant

Problem 014
Forces in 1st and 4th quadrantsFrom Fig. P-014, P is directed at an angle α from x-axis and the 200 N force is acting
at a slope of 5 vertical to 12 horizontal.

Find P and α if the resultant is 500 N to the right along the x-axis.
Find P and α if the resultant is 500 N upward to the right with a slope of 3
horizontal to 4 vertical.
Find P and α if the resultant is zero.

Part a: The resultant is 500N to the right along the x-axis

By Cosine law of the shaded triangle
P2=2002+5002−2(200)(500)cosθ
P2=2002+5002−2(200)(500)(1213)
P=324.63 answer
Force polygon of two forces with resultant in the x-axis
Part b: The resultant is 500 N upward to the right with a slope of 3 horizontal to 4 vertical
Equivalent force to two given forces
Rx=500(35)=300 N
Ry=500(45)=400 N
Rx=Pcosα+200(12/13)
300=Pcosα+184.61
Pcosα=115.39
P=115.39cosα

Ry=Psinα−200(5/13)
400=Psinα−76.92
Psinα=476.92
(115.39cosα)sinα=476.92
115.38tanα=476.92
tanα=4.1335
α=76.4∘ answer

P=115.39cos76.4∘
P=490. Answer

Part c: The resultant is zero

The resultant is zero if P and the 200 N force are equal in magnitude,
oppositely directed, and collinear.
α=180∘−arctan512
α=157.38∘
Thus, P = 200 N at α = 157.38° answer
EQUILIBRIUM
Problem 308
The cable and boom shown in Fig. P-308 support a load of 600 lb. Determine the
tensile force T in the cable and the compressive for C in the boom.

ΣFH=0
Ccos45∘=Tcos30∘
C=1.2247T
ΣFV=0
Tsin30∘+Csin45∘=600
Tsin30∘+(1.2247T)sin45∘=600
1.366T=600
T=439.24 lb answer
C=1.2247(439.24)
C=537.94 l answer

Problem 309

A cylinder weighing 400 lb is held against a smooth incline by means of the

weightless rod AB in Fig. P-309. Determine the forces P and N exerted on the
cylinder by the rod and the incline.

ΣFH=0

Pcos25∘=Nsin55∘

P=0.9038N

ΣFV=0

Psin25∘+Ncos55∘=400

(0.9038N)sin25∘+Ncos55∘=400

0.9556N=400

N=418.60 lb answer

P=0.9038(418.60)

P=378.34 lb answer
Problem 312

Determine the magnitude of P and F necessary to keep the concurrent force

system in Fig. P-312 in equilibrium.

ΣFH=0

Fcos60∘+200cos45∘=300+Pcos30∘

F=317.16+1.7320P

ΣFV=0

Fsin60∘=200sin45∘+Psin30∘

(317.16+1.7320P)sin60∘=200sin45∘+Psin30∘

274.67+1.5P=141.42+0.5P

P=−133.25 N answer

F=317.16+1.7320(−133.25)

F=86.37 N answer

Problem 315

The 300-lb force and the 400-lb force shown in Fig. P-315 are to be held in
equilibrium by a third force F acting at an unknown angle θ with the horizontal.
Determine the values of F and θ.

By Cosine Law

F2=400^2+300^2−2(400)(300)cos30∘

F2=42153.90 lb

F=205.31 lb answer

400^2=300^2+F2−2(300F)cosθ

2(300F)cosθ=3002+F2−4002

600(205.31)cosθ=3002+42153.90−4002

123186cosθ=−27846.1

cosθ=−0.2260446244

θ=103.06 answer
Problem 317

The system of knotted cords shown in Fig. P-317 support the indicated weights.
Compute the tensile force in each cord.

From the knot where 400-lb load is hanging

317-lower-knot.jpgΣFH=0

Dsin75∘=Csin30∘

D=0.5176C

ΣFV=0

Dcos75∘+Ccos30∘=400

(0.5176C)cos75∘+Ccos30∘=400

C=400 lb answer

D=0.5176(400)

D=207.06 lb answer

From the knot where 300-lb load is hanging

317-upper-knot.jpgΣFV=0

Bsin45∘=300+Ccos30∘

Bsin45∘=300+400cos30∘

B=914.16 lb answer

ΣFH=0

A=Bcos45∘+Csin30∘

A=914.16cos45∘+400sin30∘

A=846.41 lb answer

Problem 326

The cylinders in Fig. P-326 have the indicated weights and dimensions. Assuming smooth
contact surfaces, determine the reactions at A, B, C, and D on the cylinders.

cosθ=2.62+1

θ=29.93∘
From the FBD of 200 kN cylinder

ΣFV=0

RCsinθ=200

RCsin29.93∘=200

RC=400.85 kN answer

ΣFH=0

RD=RCcosθ

RD=400.85cos29.93∘

RD=347.39 k answer

From the FBD of 400 kN cylinder

ΣFH=0

RA=RCcosθ

RA=400.85cos29.93∘

RA=347.39 kNAnswer

ΣFV=0

RB=400+RCsinθ

RB=400+400.85sin29.93∘

RB=600 answer