Calculus Study Continouschange

of

DifferentialCalculus Integral Calculus

wet functions IndefiniteIntegration
Definite Integration
Limits
Area under the curve
Continuity Differentiability
Differential Equation
Moo D
A 0 D
Introduction

eg fire II
4
f 1
E
f 13 É
we
has no value existing so
at 3 fix nearestto 3
are interested in value of function

x 2.9 2.99 2.999 3.001 3.01 3.1

flop33 5.9 5.99 5.999 6.001 6.01 6.1

Symbolically
As se approaches to 3 3
As se
approaches to
approaches to 6
f fix tends to
In other words limiting
fix 66
value atasise
of fire 1,15AM slim fin 24,114 6
 Indeterminate forms

10 00
I
0
É
000 g

Nate a a o

at a

justification f form
K KER
let's
say I
O OK
k possible but unable
to
infinitevalues of
value
determine any definite
Hence indeterminate

one form
let's o D k
say
8 K
O O K

Same as previouscase
 1 form
let's say 1 K KERI

logy logk
0.0 logk
8 logk
0 0
logk
but
infinite values of k possible
hence
unable to find definite value
indeterminate

Evaluation
ofLimits

T.iiiiiii.IT
7 94
or 59 not
or
9 1 0

5
origino
or Then
 HE lefthand limit
if
f
Limit exist at sea

RH L L finite RH L Righthandlimit
LHC
flat flat limitingvalue of
the
function
ma fld Lima fix
719 4 Flath
htt 41

IF if Modulus function a I F eventh root function

fractional partfunction piecewise defined

RH L
function always evaluate CH L
both approaches
LH Lor R H L or
if any of Limit does not exist
then
infinite
value
Determinate
by puttingthe of
form variable if fees does not
take indeterminateform
any
then it is a determinate form
Problem Case

limiting value
To get the
directly put the valueof
variable
 eg king Its
F 5

Indeterminate value
if by putting of
foam the seven
variable
anyof
indeterminate forms come
be
different methods will
applied

Properties
of Limits
 Taylor's Theorem
Let the be a k times differentiable function then

we can approximate the flu by a polynomial

function of kthdegree
Polynomial approximationof fix about a point a
is given by

flu f a
FL.fldtff.tw Efa f can
Eg
fpe en flo 1
et about origin
expansionof fire ftp.el en f lo
f e e f 6
ex flo II f 10 6
f e e
f lo l

e L
f 13
eg f 1a sink
flo 0

f101
sink 710 2
1 1 4 14 f x cosse 1

f a Sina 10 0

cosse f to
If.f
1
6
I 6 f a

101 0
f a sinse f
 sink I 222.0 132.41 11.10
IT
sine a
Is If 2ft
e
It Eat It
in

if If if 1ft
2
e 1 17
casutisina
f 44 1ft i
E 1 1

cosse 1 14 Ict
sense
2 2ft
RER
a It
If F
e 1 23 Ift RER

a It
41 4 14 91 RER
a o a

In Ita a 22 23 1 text

112 1
In 1 2 a of
 HER
4ft
2
sinse x
f
KER
cosse 1 4 f
tank
Some Important Results

n.ant
ftp.T L
neQ

Root I
ath where h o

adf.FI an
Lim an n.ba 1
hao A
h
n
aht.htnff.at
1nant

n.am
Y nnI.an h
41
si s In General
kz.si if s

Where Lmafin 0

Proof
Liz site is e
if
Line 4 1
I

I
the
cosse
L
jig
Inaeneral him eÉ 1

Likofee
0
Where

Proof
it
Info
It
fat
I
Is It
In a In General Lim
where
af In a

zig the 0

4 1
IF
In General
1 1 1

where
13th
 General factorizationRationalization
form
f form In
0 x

I É E

KILIFI E s

anlage loge I
Igm UZI
go

t Ine 1
Inn
Ca 1 att
LIE
K 1 Pett

41 TIM 28 2

Evaluate in
It 281
YEA
E
10100 1
100
10101
 to
e 2 64

Fat IF 4
8
a a

4
21

s
4 1 at me
find
If a b

1 9 0
for limit to exist

the
Limo 4
1
1
If 4xfetitb.se
11
 4
f font I be

king 191 be

b
110 fat
45 b

b
I
Evaluate is
II
a

Fte I

170 12 5

E
Is star 252
 JR attn JR
GET x

Tata 5321
79 x Data 252
Tata 25m
Tata 254

Emaciate FIT
353

8331 I Limo
E Evaluate I
II 847g Ling tuff
It 831 8 4 Emato
as
II EIEI.IE
3
IF 73
1 1
tiny 4
Lim 28221
Nt O
 If
8

sina.SI I

EE I
sinkysine

him sina.ie
I
I I I
A

1 6 01 a
zing
a't tan f
L
Where a is const

91 9 1
28k
Lim

Y 2
É
La I
o
G
o
2 tan
LI
him
an YET E
a
jia
9
2

Evaluate I Lim 23h

29
Im 33
Logan logels N
Ii Ling
se

3
him E

CS
31h2
In 2 3
I
41 33ft f
Lim
Ho Miggy
1 It 1,8
Ing Ing e In 18

tiny logetmatogts g

Ii Instinct's W int E
K

I III EICEED.es

I E 3

I Evaluate i
41 10221 11
time a
i
Imo
2 5 z's't it
Liz eh.CI
se n
tant 1 I L
 Y EE dit
In 2 2ns
I
In 2 In 5
variable
Take highestdegreeof
E form anally common fromMR
DR

E
I Evaluate t
Im 235311 18351 3

zIH
avg.EE 9
in 2

IIII
 a

Evaluate
slim 45
14
13 n
I g
Lim 21 1

Lim
a

3 27

him 183

Lim Hitt
no 4
Hft
s

IT if heel 412 safe goes

1 227
 then find hee in terms of feel Iged
case I Case II
when 0122 1 É az when I 1

41,229 0 4,8227 1 41,24 00

hating t him
4 1411
him
412 1111
714 fix
ga 281
Of 22 1
g se
hee
181
K 1

23
the

a
Generally Rationalization
a
form
Lim
Hae fo og
se
sea

Ea
E
I Este
I Ea s
 Ja Etc Te where cis constant
141
in
Itm Ez I
cot
II a king se
him coty
o o
Joe Te Te
In
him
Lim E Etc 4 E
seta JE Te

IE y E
I Lim 2 cot o
I
o
sets T2 dim

41 42 In limo Iz Ent
Lim E
m
Enid ayin
lose ancosutsesinn
IF É I him 322
y

x y
 III
it him an b 0 then find a b

Lim 941 922 b k an b

0
sea 2 1

Lim l a a at b a l b
0
2 70 set

o
for limit to exist i a

b a t b o
him g
sett

tbh 0
b

10 00 a form if taking any oftheform

it is

assume the given problem as

P take
log on bothsides
then solve

Limo
taste in

P Limo Itr
 log limo WEI E
log L

Pee

Lim 1 y
Ko

Let D Ling
Gagne

Lage 1 4941 1
2
log 2
P e

forinform
Latin
o

Lima Lt fief where

o
4999
timatanager

41 1 ante fog
1 2 334
ethno et
E Lim so
a tf
3
lim
Ho
1
41 14
t
pay
Ii it

277 C
et
Emo T et

11.4174 is

t
Ing y
I t

YETI
et
e 0 ez

E Evaluated Liyaset it
41
4 57
 41,6457 a

4 51 Éyt
0
510 1 5

Lim posed goosed poser wgosecysingo

sink
him 100 too Fool's yay's's
NO

tot tot
10010 to
100
Derivative or Differentiation

y fix

Jean

tying
laflag A ÉEIi y flaty

To 10 want I
slopeofsecantAB tano
Averagechange 442
flath flag
h
As point B A
then angled 10
an 70
instantaneouschange
Averagechange becomes

Lim Yan
auto Ya
line at a
Slopeoftangent
tano
gradient
differential Coefficient
Lim flath flat
dy flag
 Now Talaat flat him In
at filth fix
anyGeneral the tiny h
point
firstprinciple ofdifferentiation
Let y be a function
of se say
y fee
order s
dog a fin y y
Egg
order 2
D't
fatty 412 f y ya
a

order 3
f se
y y D't
dye 434

I find the derivative of the followingfunction using

first principle
is se
y
a o a I
I a
ye
in sink
ye
I Y tank
I
fix x

flat him the

faty
41 lathe
n
H
L
se
Lim 2
it n.tt NEI 1st f
no h

Lim nose h 431 x n't

ht 0
h

n se n
41
t need x t

n sent

ar
fix
teeth fix
f'm Limo
h
Lim a'th a
heo h

4
a
ft
 am Ina
Sink
Iii f x

fy
flaty
film Yg
Ying sint
sinkth

Casse

tank
II fix
flat him the tank
tank th
tiny pg
h
sing
at
Sineath cosa cos teth sink
Lim
h costeth caste

me És cnn.es
 gn
Sec 2x

Derivative of Basicfunctions
0 k is const
Ilk fats
e n sent day ak akina a o
fam
en
Else Je gley
Ya 72 Lydney be
K
g int
forge into adz logan Iga
Wege
121 at
adz sinh
EFF
cosse i
I sink
cosa sink 1244
In gelatin Iz
tann seen
fu Ig tanta S KER
cosec
age Cota her
In latte
seer seen zan
fu 4 121

coseca cosecant
In
8
ing
fucosecha pig i txt I
Rules
for Differentiation
kfm k dayfix where k is const
In
tneed
ga flatfeet
I
film tsk gyfn'D
k the false I t

Product Rule

Let u r w be the functions of K

day U V v
dy t U
In
avw e v
wya v w
dy
v v
dig
y
QuotientRule
v In date
ii
Ladyfu rt guy rt u H
t.gg
Ida Ya E

Ii
 Chain Rule

Let y f 9 heel
91hrs1
Jf Lf
It genial x Eng x
In
d g heel

n se
f hint g heel

eg y sin tankas

em
get 1,23 It
ft II In
x

I Cosftanfe2syj.sec2fe2yne2h

2eM.Sec42nj.Cos tan leg

I Differentiate the following functions

a geek tank
in n ta
y loge
y tf
in tank t e sede
dig e
 H tan set seen

is E IT
y loge

IF IT stain
IT TEE
In
y If
4 1 t k d t
94 9 172 yay
Cosa cos 2x Costin coss
se
flu
f Ma
Iosa.Ws2nf1x cosx.cos2be.cos23e.cos2x
F Mu Sine co

cost tasinE Cosa Cosa 819g

cost WE fusing cos2A
cost cog cosa ESSIND
21 f 1
Iz 1 52
II y a 1 2 1 2411 219 it 22

1 2 1 2 1 22 11 2,2
Y
l N

YE
É let'ssay anti a

yo II
E
a 291 a seat 1 xd
2
y y
and t la 1 natl

Where 9 274
II Y
ÉÉÉ 24 2
22
2 1

1
2
se
22
22 1 21 set1 21

Left
Katy
IF ay
CI ask isin n cos3h isin3h cossse isin 5N
Y
cos 20072 isin200724
52007a
in is e
y é e e
200 7 a
1 3 5t
ji
i look
e
cos4004in i sin 10041
y
40041 Sin too4Be i too4 cosdoo4Be
2
Sin 100434 i cos 1004 3
Hooey

Differentiation of Implicitfunction
Let be dependent variable
y
x be independent variable
such thett
let y be function ofse
y fine
this form
TFW hen expressed as

it is called explicitfunction
otherwise
series fee g o

for Implicitfunction
 on both sides then collect
Differentiate dye on
one side rest terms on other side then

find dog

E e In find fan
differentiate on both sides war t k

et stat ÉÉ
Yet dz K ndgz y

ya Yuya Nadya y

y y day x ay

E
I find If if
I my t sin cry 0
2
In an't 2h
my by 0

0
it 2x y a
tyg costly Lady t s y

Eet secostly
Ex any ycossey
 É YEI.IT
b 2492
In San 2h
t.ytx.gg 0

Ghatabyldy zantany

82 911
a
y set 557.5 o

e g en

I atty yet
y
IF It
J.dz dyeend ltd

Ey Er
s ft Gladys
4 g 92 4
IE JIE
Fa Ey
 Differentiation Using Logarithmicfunction
const
eg y a Cars
n any
II
eg y ax const jar
Ina
If a

eg y a constant
day so

tar
y se Cray
eg
GI
logarithmicfunction
used

t
When Carterispresent when function contains product
division of multiplefunctionwith
E Y se finddope powers involved
Takelog onbothsides
Ing sense T g tendgyzat
2 0
that a Take
T.TK log on both sides
 H natl Ing Engen Intet2 in pets
2 In beta

FEIG Ia Es En
5 4
1 HE

2
a

I find day and

if y

y
ÉÉ
y y't
Ing y Inn
ytdyz y.be dfz.ln

yt inn
IE
Eastin
 if y Ina find dog
y Inset
N Ln Lnr
Ing E

of
1 Ln tnx t x
I dye

IT Cnn intense In

It if y Ging't cosset find dog

y utr where a sang's
sink
V cosy
94 4 If

yzelnlsinnkYyelnccossesin
osx
ecosuln inseyefinx.Ln

var
Cray
rat crayons const

y see
eg
2 x t a tnx
2
H I Inn
 eg Ye Singin finddy

Jan Inn find cosset sing Lnsina.tn

Ginny Gotse Inn inky

Theorem or Squeeze Theorem
Sandwich

YEgees

y fix
LIF

y hey

F a

a
me in the vicinityof
hugefee egg

Lim has e
na Limafires 41 gu
L somefinite value
Ling hia
e
if Limagene
 Then Isma
fix L

I find Lim a sink

24 O

In sing

se singes
as using EN

Ling EN e Linsonsink Eliza

of lying using to

sin O

3,111ft
Ling a sink

O forge value bet 141

O
 II FEET

T
F i
5
Est Ent ED t thx
Lim n2
6132361
Of 2 a Cl
Se ICED EX
KE N CI K
224C EN E 2K se Ex at
3K 1 3 7 E 3K

na I ha f na

it 24 th H
at th se h a 2x t na f

tate
n
Enteag
III
a an
I ten I meds him Cent

e
E s

Hence 83 Cent End

Ima M2

t n'se
27 2227 132 t
him
n3

De t hospital Rule Applicableonly if it is f or

ofform

f 8 form
II
it is or
Epa if
the NR DR separately
differentiate

LisaEfg that again takes

for E form
differentiate the NR
DR separately

proceedagain if f or I form
Wyatt otherwise if indeterminancyis gone
 then find the limiting value by
putting the value of se

him size E
4 It 8

Lim
III 11 241 2

223242
him Rsn y
F

Y III
If 3
5 Sinn 7 sink 3 Sinan
I Evaluate I
Lim sea sink

5 2 In 5 x
Limo x

stink tsinant 3 sink

I
him g
n
seeing
58ina 78in 2K 38in3N
lying
se
e
If
 Lim Ecosse 14 cosa scorn
240 322
g
six
Lim 5sinutzgin f

56024566522 81 cos 32
Lim
6

5 81 5
58

In15 4 in 15 n
Liz K
8
SE En t
II I

215
I tf

I Evaluated Liyaset log

cos
Kosa
EBI o

a D 41 at
loge LI HE
 L
O
log
P L

I P losses's
1mg
o.o
Loge Lim
cosa
logan

1951

Ecosse
log Ling

0
dog
D I

Problems based on Modulusfunction G I F

fractionalpast
function eventh root function functiondefined differently
in different intervals
 n
It e
to
eh é
If
th L e o limit
does not exist
RHL slime
et en o

3
Lim
Ho elk s

2 3
211 11 Limit
doesnot
RHL 41,2371 8 exist

IIIa If 2
Ling
it Lim 18221 xiii tinytangy
I Evaluate Halim 14
N
Uy lose

the t
I Limit does not exist
RH L 1
LI Ex
 Ling kings

LH L Ling 1821 41 4221 2

2 limit
does not
a
Rtl
It 18131 him sing z exist

time the
time sting.to II Gz C s

RH L
LI tant I

Limit doesnot exist

I Evaluate a Lingo
9111
1 e limo t
III
mo
Limit
does not
Rin Ling MEET Ing exist

It 27 2
 I
41 IF gig sift
1
CHL Ling 421 limit does notexist

RH L gigging
it
I Evaluate i slim sin flip sing

Ii tag Esta
ya
I o
41,10
13 1
III
Sing

in
OC KC
Iz CUCO E
Sinn se tank Sinners tank
I
t fangs
Eng Siya
Ea