ASSERTION AND REASONING

General Instructions

Answer: (1) Both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.

Answer: (2) Both are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Answer: (3) Reason is wrong.

Answer: (4) Both are wrong.

ELECTROSTATICS

1. A: A negatively charged body means that the body has gained electrons while a
positively charged body means the body has lost some of its electrons.

R: Charging process involves transfer of electrons.

Answer: (1)

2. A: Particles such as photon or neutrino which have no rest mass are uncharged.

R: Charge cannot exist without mass.

Answer: (1)

3. A: When a body is charged, its mass changes.

R: Charge is quantized.

Answer: (2)

4. A: Though quark particles have fractional electronic charges, the quantum of charge is
still e.

R: Quark particles do not exist in Free State.

Answer: (1)

5. A: An electron has negative charge by definition.

R: Charge of a body depends on its velocity.

Answer: (3)
6. A: Water has a much greater dielectric constant than any other ordinary substance.

R: Water has permanent dipole moment.

Answer: (1)

7. A: The potential difference between two concentric spherical shells depends only on the
charge of inner shell.

R: The electric field in the region in between two shells depends on the charge of inner
shell and electric field is the negative of potential gradient.

Answer: (1)

8. A: If E be electric field at a point, in free space then energy density at that point will be
ε0E2 /2.

R: Electrostatic field is a conservative field.

Answer: (2)

9. A: A capacitor is a device which stores electric energy in the form of electric field.

R: Net charge on the capacitor is always zero.

Answer: (2)

10. A: When two conductors charged to different potentials are connected to each other, the
negative charge always flows from lower potential to higher potential.

R: In the charging process, there is always a flow of electrons only.

Answer: (2)

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. A: For a given conductor, electric current does not vary even if it’s cross sectional
area varies.

R: A conductor remains uncharged when current flows through it.

Answer: (2)

2. A: When a steady current flows through a conductor of non-uniform cross-section,

the current density, electric field and drift velocity do not remain constant.
 R: For a constant current the current density, electric field and drift velocity are
inversely proportional to cross sectional area.

Answer: (1)

3. A: To a metal wire of diameter d and length L when the applied voltage is doubled,
drift velocity gets doubled.

R: For a constant voltage when the length is doubled, drift velocity will be halved but
drift velocity is independent of diameter.

Answer: (2)

4. A: Kirchhoff's Current law is applicable at any junction or node in the circuit.

R: Kirchhoff's laws are general in nature.

Answer: (2)

5. A: Voltage across a resistor decreases in the direction of current and increases

opposite to the direction of current.

R: Voltage drop or gain across a capacitor depends on the direction of current.

Answer: (3)

6. A: The voltage across a battery may be less, equal or more than the emf of the
battery.

R: Voltage across a battery also depends on the magnitude and direction of current.

Answer: (1)

7. A: Practically a voltmeter will measure the voltage across the battery but not it’s EMF

R: EMF of a cell is measured with the help of a potentiometer.

Answer: (2)

8. A: A potentiometer can act as an ideal voltmeter.

R: An ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance.

Answer: (2)

9. A: Ohm's law is universally applicable for all conducting elements.

R: All conducting elements show straight line graphic variation on (I–V) plot.

Answer: (4)

10. A: A low voltage supply, from which high currents are to be withdrawn, must have
very low internal resistance.

R: Maximum current drawn from a source is inversely proportional to internal

resistance.

Answer: (1)

11. A: High voltage (high tension) supply must have very large internal resistance

R: If the circuit is accidentally shorted, then the current drawn will not exceed safety
limits if internal resistance is high.

Answer: (1)

12. A: Alloys of metals usually have greater resistivity than that of their constituent
metals.

R: Alloys usually have much lower thermal coefficient of resistance than pure metals.

Answer: (2)

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

1. A: Total induced emf in a loop is not confined to any particular point but it is
distributed around the loop in direct proportion to the resistances of its parts.

R: In general when there is no change in magnetic flux, no induced emf is

produced.

Answer: (2)

2. A: The induced current flows so as to oppose the cause producing it.

R: Lenz's law is based on energy conservation.

Answer: (1)

3. A: Faraday's law is an experimental law.

R: Time varying magnetic field cannot generate induced emf.

 Answer: (3)

4. A: Electrical power through transmission lines is transmitted at high voltage.

R: At high voltage theft of power is checked.

Answer: (3)

5. A: The electric field induced due to changing magnetic field is non-conservative.

R: The line integral of the electric field induced due to changing magnetic field
along a closed loop is always zero.

Answer: (3)

6. A: An inductor is called the inertia of an electric circuit.

R: An inductor tends to keep the flux constant.

Answer: (1)

7. A: At any instant, if the current through an inductor is zero, then the induced emf
will also be zero.

R: In one time constant, the current flows to 37 % of its maximum value in a

series LR circuit.

Answer: (4)

8. A: There may be an induced emf in a loop without induced current.

R: Induced current depends on the resistance of the loop as well.

Answer: (2)

9. A: When the magnetic flux through a loop is maximum, induced emf is

maximum.

R: When the magnetic flux through a loop is minimum, induced emf is

minimum.

Answer: (4)

10. A: When a bar magnet is dropped into a vertical long hollow metallic tube, the
magnet ultimately moves with zero acceleration.
 R: The magnet falling into metallic tube causes the eddy currents in the metal
tube, so the motion of the magnet is damped.

Answer: (1)

ALTERNATING CURRENT

1. A: Direct current is more dangerous than Alternating current of same value.

R: An electrocuted person sticks to direct current line. While alternating

current repels the person from the line.

Answer: (4)

2. A: AC can be transmitted over long distances at high voltage without much

power loss.

R: The average value of AC is defined over any half cycle.

Answer: (3)

3. A: An inductor and a capacitor are called low pass filter and high pass filter
respectively.

R: Reactance of an inductor is low for low frequency signals and that of a

capacitor is high for high frequency signals.

Answer: (3)

4. A: The chief characteristic of series resonant circuit is voltage magnification.

R: At resonance the voltage drop across L (or C) is Q times the applied

voltage.

Answer: (1)

5. A: Wires of the transmission lines carrying A.C. are made of multiple strands.

R: A.C. flows on surface of the conductor.

Answer: (1)

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

1. A: Different electromagnetic waves differ considerably in their mode of

interaction with matter.
 R: Different electromagnetic waves have different wavelength or
frequency.

Answer: (2)

2. A: All electromagnetic waves travel through vacuum with same speed but
they have different wavelength or frequency.

R: The wavelength of the electromagnetic waves is often correlated with

the characteristic size of the system that produces and radiates them.

Answer: (1)

3. A: High frequency electromagnetic waves are detected by some means

based on the physical effects they produce on interacting with matter.

R: The oscillating fields of an electromagnetic wave can accelerate

charges and can produce oscillating currents therefore, an apparatus
designed to detect EM waves is based on this fact.

Answer: (1)

4. A: Infrared waves are often called heat waves.

R: Infrared waves vibrate not only the electrons, but entire atoms or
molecules of a substance which increases the internal energy and
temperature of the substance.

Answer: (1)

5. A: Microwaves are commonly used in radar to locate flying objects.

R: Microwaves have smaller wavelength than radio waves.

Answer: (1)

WAVE OPTICS

1. A: The speed of light in vacuum doesn't depend on nature of the

source, direction of propagation, motion of the source or observer
wavelength and intensity of the wave.

R: The speed of light in vacuum is a universal constant independent of

all the factors listed and anything else.

Answer: (1)
2. A: The speed of light, sound waves, water waves in a medium is
independent of the nature of the source or intensity (so long it is low).

R: Speed of the waves in a medium depends on wavelength.

Answer: (2)

3. A: Speed of light in a medium is independent of the motion of the

source relative to the medium.

R: Speed of light in a medium depends on the motion of the observer

relative to the medium.

Answer: (2)

4. A: When monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two

media, the reflected and refracted light both have the same frequency
as the incident frequency.

R: At any interface between the two media, the electric (and

magnetic) fields must satisfy certain boundary conditions for all times
and frequency determines the time dependence of fields.

Answer: (1)

5. A: When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, it loses some

speed but it doesn't imply a reduction in the energy carried by the
light wave.

R: Energy carried by a wave depends on the amplitude of the wave

and not on the speed of wave propagation.

Answer: (1)

6. A: When a narrow pulse of light is sent through a medium, it doesn't

retain its shape as it travels through the medium.

R: Since the speed of propagation in a medium depends on

wavelength, different wavelength components of the pulse travel with
different speeds.

Answer: (1)

7. A: In the wave picture of light, intensity of light is determined by the

square of the amplitude of the wave.
 R: In the photon picture of light, for a given frequency, intensity of
light is determined by the number of photons per unit area.

Answer: (2)

8. A: The law of conservation of energy is violated during interference.

R: For sustained interference the phase difference between the two

waves must change with time.

Answer: (4)

9. A: When the apparatus of YDSE is brought in a liquid from air, the

fringe width decreases.

R: The wavelength of light decreases in the liquid.

Answer: (1)

10. A: Light waves can be polarized.

R: Light waves are transverse in nature.

Answer: (1)

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

1. A: Uncertainty principle demands that an electron confined to a nucleus must have very
high energy so that the electron cannot reside in a nucleus.

R: The electrostatic attraction between electron and proton is large at such a small
distance but is not enough to bind such a high-energy electron.

Answer: (1)

2. A: A free proton is stable but inside a nucleus, a proton gets converted into a neutron, a
positron and a neutrino (p → n + e+ + ν).

R: Inside a nucleus, neutron decay (n → p + e– + ν – ) as well as proton decay are

possible, since other nucleons can share energy and momentum to conserve energy as
well as momentum and both the decays are in dynamic equilibrium.

Answer: (1)

3. A: Exothermic reactions are possible when two light nuclei fuse or when a heavy nucleus
undergoes fission into intermediate mass nuclei.
 R: The nature of nuclear binding energy curve is such that it rises for lighter nuclei and
slightly decreasing for heavier nuclei.

Answer: (1)

4. A: For fusion, the light nuclei must have sufficient initial energy to cross the Coulomb
barrier. Hence, fusion requires high temperature; however, the actual temperature
required is somewhat less than expected classically.

R: It is due to quantum mechanical tunneling of the potential barrier.

Answer: (1)

5. A: Only in low or medium energy nuclear reactions, the number of protons and number
of neutrons are separately conserved.

R: In high energy reactions, protons and neutrons can be converted into other particles
and a new quantum number, the Baryon number is however, always conserved.

Answer: (2)

6. A: Nuclear density is almost same for all nuclei.

R: The radius (r) of a nucleus depends only on the mass number (A) as r ∝ A1/3.

Answer: (1)

7. A: Fast moving neutrons do not cause fission of a uranium nucleus.

R: A fast moving neutron spends very little time inside the nucleus.

Answer: (1)

SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS

1. A: The conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor at 0K is zero.

R: The bond strength of the semiconductor at 0K is much higher as compared to the bond
strength at room temperature.

Answer: (3)

2. A: When base region has larger width, the collector current is small.

R: At larger width of the base region the rate of electron-hole recombination is more
which results in larger value of base current.
 Answer: (1)

3. A: The conductivity of a pure semiconductor increases on doping.

R: Doping causes the reduction in bond strength.

Answer: (3)

4. A: Semiconductors do not obey Ohm’s law.

R: In semiconductors the rate of flow of charge not only depends on the applied electric
field but also on the availability of charge carriers.

Answer: (1)

5. A: When a pure semiconductor is doped with a pentavalent impurity, the number of

conduction electrons is increased while the number of holes is decreased.

R: Some of the holes get recombined with the conduction electrons as the concentration of
the conduction electrons is increased.

Answer: (1)

6. A: The energy gap between the valence band and conduction band is greater in silicon
than in germanium.

R: Thermal energy produces fewer minority carriers in silicon than in germanium.

Answer: (2)

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

1. A: Every metal has a definite work function. Still all photoelectrons do not come out with
the same energy if incident radiation is monochromatic.

R: Work function is the minimum energy required for the electron in the highest level of
the conduction band to get out of the metal. Not all electrons in the metal belong to this
level rather they occupy a continuous band of levels.

Answer: (1)

2. A: Work function of aluminum is 4.2 eV. Emission of electrons will be possible by two
photons, each of 2.5eV energy, striking the electron of aluminum.

R: Energy of a photon can be less than the work function of the metal, for photoelectron
emission.
 Answer: (4)

3. A: The photoelectric effect is a proof of the quantized nature of the light.

R: Each photon in a light beam has same amount of energy.

Answer: (3)

4. A: On increasing the intensity of light, the number of photoelectrons emitted is more.

Also the kinetic energy of each photon increases but the photoelectric current is constant.

R: Photoelectric current is independent of intensity but increases with increasing

frequency of incident radiation.

Answer: (4)

5. A: Wave nature of particles is not visible in daily life.

R: In daily life, mass of particles is very high so their de Broglie wavelength is very
small.

Answer: (1)

ATOMS

1. A: Both the Thomson's as well as the Rutherford's models constitute an unstable system.

R: Thomson's model is unstable electro-statically while Rutherford's model is unstable

because of electromagnetic radiation of orbiting electrons.

Answer: (1)

2. A: Bohr's orbits are regions where the electron may be found with large probability.

R: The orbital picture in Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom was inconsistent with the
uncertainty principle.

Answer: (1)

3. A: Bohr's model with its planet-like electron is not applicable to many electron atoms.

R: Unlike the situation in the solar system, where planet-planet gravitational forces are
very small as compared to the gravitational force of the sun on each planet, the electron-
electron electric force interaction is comparable in magnitude to the electron nucleus
electric force.
 Answer: (1)

4. A: In Bohr model, the frequency of revolution of an electron in its orbit is not connected
to the frequency of spectral line for smaller principal quantum number n.

R: For transitions between large quantum number the frequency of revolution of an

electron in its orbit is connected to the frequency of spectral line, as per Bohr's
Correspondence principle.

Answer: (2)

5. A: The nature of the characteristic X-rays does not depend on accelerating potential.

R: X-rays are electromagnetic radiation.

Answer: (2)