IoT Systems

with
ESP32

2024-03-15
FIT VUT - Brno
Juraj Michálek - Espressif Systems
What is your favorite?
Programming language

Operating system

Editor

IDE

Cloud provider
Espressif System
Espressif Systems is a public multinational, fabless semiconductor company established in 2008, with offices in China, the Czech Republic,
India, Singapore and Brazil.

Espressif Leads the IoT Chip Market with Over 1 Billion Global Shipments

ESP8266 - introduces WiFi

ESP32, ESP32-S - Xtensa cores

ESP32-C, H, P series - RISC-V cores

Open source: https://github.com/espressif

C/C++, Rust - Open source
C/C++ - 229 repositories at https://github.com/espressif

- 12 200+ starts - ESP-IDF

- Espressif Iot Development Framework (CMake based)

Rust - 51 repositories at https://github.com/esp-rs/

- 500+ starts - esp-hal

Arduino - https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32

- 12 300+ stars
Elektor Mag

Special Guest Edition

https://www.elektor.com/products/elektor-s
pecial-espressif-guest-edition-2023-pdf-en
Wearables
The Ultimate Guide to Informed Wearable Technology

- book: https://packt.link/01VBv
Developing IoT Projects
with ESP32

https://blog.espressif.com/book-revie
w-developing-iot-projects-with-esp32
-2nd-edition-facdef7545bb
MicroPython Projects
https://www.packtpub.com/product/microp
ython-projects/9781789958034
ESP32-C3 Wireless Adventures a Comprehensive Guide to IoT
https://espressif.github.io/esp32-c3
-book-en/
More books about ESP32
https://www.espressif.com/en/ecosystem/community-engagement/books
Designing Open Hardware - esp-rust-board
KiCad templates

https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-rust-board

ESP32-C3-DevKit-RUST-1

https://www.espressif.com/en/products/devkits
Open Hardware - ESP32-S3-BOX-3
https://github.com/espressif/esp-box

Joystick controller

https://github.com/espressif/esp-box/tree/master/exampl
es/esp_joystick/joystick_controller
Desktop vs. Embedded development
Memory: GB (TB) vs. kB (MB bytes of PSRAM)

CPU Cores: 8 - 64 vs. 1 - 2

CPU Frequencies: GHz vs. 20-240 MHz

Power consumption: 100s of Watts vs. Milliwatts

OS kernel: 61k files vs. 10k files in ESP-IDF

(FreeRTOS kernel: 7 C files)

OSes - C/CPP, Rust
no_std a.k.a. bare metal with Rust - https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal (minimalistic)
ESP-IDF (OS based on FreeRTOS) - https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-idf-hal

Zephyr - https://zephyrproject.org/
- EDC22 Day 1 Talk 10: Applications of Asymmetric Multiprocessing with ESP32 Devices -
including Rust on one core - https://youtu.be/oble9ObAqxM

NuttX - https://nuttx.apache.org/ (as app, Linux-like OS)

SVD files: https://github.com/espressif/svd

Programming languages
Active support by Espressif teams

- C/C++
- most common choice - https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf
- Rust
- security and memory guaranties of Rust
- https://github.com/esp-rs
- multi-target support: Xtensa, RISC-V, plus WASM, desktops or mobile
- Arduino - Maker choice
- Arduino IDE 2.x
- note: check the license for production
 wokwi.com/rust

Contribute: https://github.com/wokwi

EDC22 Day 1 Talk 9: Your browser is ESP32

- Wokwi - https://youtu.be/TKe4MgD6O8o
Espressif's Matter Demo - https://youtu.be/Jr4Lut_NgqA
Many Problems of Home Automation and IoT
Silos

Fragmentation

Security

UX

Development

Certification

…
Matter

Repo: https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip

Specs: https://csa-iot.org/developer-resource/specifications-download-request/

Article: https://blog.espressif.com/what-does-matter-mean-to-you-fa3bb53a7793
Matter for end user
No more silos

More automation - device-to-device communication

No more transport silos

More ecosystems

Better security

https://blog.espressif.com/what-does-matter-mean-to-you-fa3bb53a7793
Espressif and Matter
Support for ESP32 is upstream
https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip/tree/master/examples/all-clusters-app/esp32

esp-matter project - https://github.com/espressif/esp-matter

rs-matter - Rust - https://github.com/project-chip/rs-matter

Matter node
Matter Node - OnOff Cluster Client - 4 endpoints
Simplistic Representation of a Matter Data Model

https://blog.espressif.com/matter-clusters-attributes-commands-82b8ec1640a0
Cluster list
ID; Cluster Name 0x0050 - Mode Select

0x0003 - Identify 0x0508 - Low Power

0x0004 - Groups 0x0503 - Wake On LAN

0x0005 - Scenes 0x003b - Switch

0x0006 - On/Off

0x0008 - Level controlling

Specification: Matter Application Clusters v1.0
0x0045 - Boolean state
Matter - Client - Server
Device-to-device automation
Matter Bridge
Many chips, many boards - quick help
https://products.espressif.com/
IDE
Supported by Espressif:

- VS Code with Espressif Extension - great Rust support

https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/get-started/vscode-setup.html
- Espressif IDE - https://dl.espressif.com/dl/esp-idf/

Supported by JetBrains:

- CLion, Rust Rover - https://www.jetbrains.com/

- Wokwi Plugin - https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/23826-wokwi-simulator

Supported by SysProgs

- Visual Studio with VisualGDB - https://visualgdb.com/

Supported by TARA Systems

- Embedded Wizard - https://www.embedded-wizard.de/

Open Hardware - ESP32-S3-BOX-3
https://github.com/espressif/esp-box

Joystick controller

https://github.com/espressif/esp-box/tree/master/exampl
es/esp_joystick/joystick_controller
News: Ferrocene compiler - the major milestone in 2023
Ferrocene is an open source qualified Rust compiler toolchain. Ferrous Systems invested its decade
of Rust experience to make Rust a first-class language for mission-critical and functional safety
systems.

For its first release, Ferrocene 23.06 is a ISO 26262 (ASIL D) and IEC 61508 (SIL 4) qualified version
of the existing open-source compiler, rustc, based on Rust 1.68.

https://ferrous-systems.com/ferrocene/
Why Ferrocene? https://www.youtube.com/live/i06djj0KvB8?si=mxXuuWPMpSs-JC2r
Rainmaker
Rust layer - Linux & ESP

https://github.com/shreyash-b/rainmaker-rs

Cloud connectivity
Time-O-Mat - built at summer camp
https://github.com/vedatori/Time-O-Mat
Grafana

https://grafana.com/blog/2020/06/17/how-to-monitor-a-sourdough-starter-with-grafana/

https://github.com/grafana/diy-iot - Arduino now. We’re not Rust yet :)

ESP Launchpad - https://espressif.github.io/esp-launchpad/
Quick start
esp-matter: https://github.com/espressif/esp-matter

Launchpad for flashing light and light_switch:

- https://espressif.github.io/esp-launchpad/?flashConfigURL=https://espressif.github.io/esp-mat
ter/launchpad.toml
Async with Embassy
Embassy: https://github.com/embassy-rs/embassy

Examples of Embassy on ESP32:

- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/blob/main/esp32-hal/examples/embassy_hello_world.rs
- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/blob/main/esp32-hal/examples/embassy_spi.rs
- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/blob/main/esp32-hal/examples/embassy_wait.rs

Async topic author: Juraj Sadel

Busy Looping (not using async)
- Very inefficient, blocking
Interrupts (not using async)
- Driven by hardware
- Pretty complex
Using async
- Don’t have to setting and waiting for interrupt resuming the program
- Async executor can do that for us instead
- Power efficient
Embassy (EMBedded ASYnc)
- We need an EXECUTOR to be able to use async
- Controlling which task should run

- Embassy consists of multiple crates (Executor, HALs, Networking,...)

- no_std
- Can be (relatively) easily extendable/configurable with other public crates
- https://embassy.dev
Multi-target project (PoC) - ESP32 Spooky Maze

https://github.com/georgik/esp32-spooky-maze-game

Idea: sharing business logic in Rust between

multiple targets

Targets: ESP32, ESP32-S2, ESP32-S3, ESP32-C3, M5Stack, Wasm and Desktop

Article:
https://georgik.rocks/rust-bare-metal-application-for-esp32-desktop-android-and-ios/

https://github.com/espressif/esp-box
Rust language support
Talk: Embedded Rust on ESP32 - Juraj Michálek - Rust Linz November 2022

https://youtu.be/0PPPdqoDBQs
IDEs with Rust support
Supported by Espressif:

- VS Code with Espressif Extension

https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/get-started/vscode-setup.html

Supported by JetBrains:

- RustRover - https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/
Rust component in C/C++ project
ESP-IDF has notion of components (libraries)

Integration of Rust as a component:

https://github.com/georgik/esp32-idf-no-std-rust-component

Example with NMEA crate

https://github.com/georgik/esp32-idf-nmea-example

idf.py set-target esp32-c3

idf.py -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug build

https://aerorust.org/
Debugging

2 steps:

- start simulator with debugger interface

- start debugging session
Debugging session with Wokwi
Templates for new projects
std

- leverage APIs of ESP-IDF

- pick exact version of ESP-IDF (not master branch)
- cargo generate --vcs none --git https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-idf-template cmake
- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-idf-template

no_std

- no C dependencies
- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-template
Starting from template
cargo generate esp-rs/esp-template

cargo build --release

cargo espflash flash --release --monitor
Rust Embedded Graphics

https://github.com/embedded-graphics

embedded-graphics crate + driver (e.g. for SPI display)

Wokwi - VS Code Plugin

Add wokwi.toml and diagram.json

to your project

CTRL+Shift+P - Wokwi: Start Simulator

Example: https://github.com/georgik/esp32-spooky-maze-game
Wire wrap
Quick, safe way how to connect pins and wires

Wire Wrapping for our Projects by Andreas Spiess:

https://youtu.be/L-463vchW0o?si=U96aLAwIsLpsPGTW

picture from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_wrap

LVGL and Rust

https://github.com/lvgl/lv_binding_rust
Slint UI

https://slint.dev/

2 options:

- bare metal
- ESP-IDF component: https://components.espressif.com/components/slint/slint
Espressif and Matter
Support for ESP32 is upstream
https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip/tree/master/examples/all-clusters-app/esp32

esp-matter project - https://github.com/espressif/esp-matter

rs-matter - Rust - https://github.com/project-chip/rs-matter

ESP32-C6
Main feature: WiFi 6 support - reduced power consumption

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FA1jqZLig4s

Second important feature:

- Low Power Core - 20 MHz

Wokwi and
Low Power Core simulation
ESP32-C6

https://github.com/wokwi/esp32c6-i2c-lp
Pause button - see state of GPIOs
Wokwi F1 menu (download binary and many more)
Wokwi Logic Analyzer

Hit Stop to download VCD file for PulseView

Wokwi + PulseView - examples of I2C
Custom chips: Rust + e-Paper + ESP32
Simulate your own HW

Wokwi: Getting Started with the Wokwi Custom Chips C API

https://docs.wokwi.com/chips-api/getting-started
https://wokwi.com/projects/366167936725307393
Wokwi Profiler
https://profiler.wokwi.com/
Wokwi CI
https://github.com/wokwi/wokwi-ci-action
Rust STD Training Embedded for ESP32-C3

Material: https://esp-rs.github.io/std-training/

GitHub: https://github.com/esp-rs/espressif-trainings

Developed by Ferrous Systems, Espressif Systems and Community

Async with Embassy
Embassy: https://github.com/embassy-rs/embassy

Examples of Embassy on ESP32:

- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/blob/main/esp32-hal/examples/embassy_hello_world.rs
- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/blob/main/esp32-hal/examples/embassy_spi.rs
- https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/blob/main/esp32-hal/examples/embassy_wait.rs
Accelerated learning with AI
Rust has steep learning curve

Refactoring is 10x harder

Very good results: Chat GPT 4, GitHub CoPilot

Less accurate results: Chat GPT 3.5, Bard

Other languages and frameworks in context of ESP32
New and noteworthy:

- Ada/Spark - from AdaCore

- Embedded Wizard - DSL and C
- Zig

VM based:

- CircuitPython and MicroPython - Python-like language

- DeviceScript - TypeScript language - Microsoft Research
- Lua
- Mongoose OS
- Nanoframework - C# language
- Toit
- downside: bigger VM
- upside: more robust, comes with OTA and monitoring
Qt for MCU
https://www.qt.io/product/develop-software-microcontrollers-mcu

Qt for MCU supports ESP32-S3

- students license - registration requires just email

Espressif Developer Conference 2023 - recording

Developer Conference 2023 - https://devcon.espressif.com/

https://youtu.be/mR3gUNXMEsM?si=7Rkq7wbClCvnM3pw
Rust language support
Talk: EDC23 - Rust Bare-metal and Async - Scott Mabin, Juraj Sadel - DevConf September 2023
https://youtu.be/QPp4WEjx5jU?si=zJwXPT8WxXOFq8oy

Talk: EDC22 - Rust on Espressif chips - Scott Mabin - DevConf September 2022
https://youtu.be/qeEmJ_-6fPg

Talk: Embedded Rust on ESP32 - Juraj Michálek - Rust Linz November 2022
https://youtu.be/0PPPdqoDBQs
Where you can find us?
https://makerfaire.cz/praha/
Přízova 3, 602 00 Brno
Embedded World 2024
Meet us in Nuremberg, Germany - 9th - 11th April 2024
Visit us in Brno
Espressif Systems (Czech) s.r.o.

Přízova 3, 602 00 Brno

Czechia, Europe