SUMMER INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

CONCEPT OF CLOUD COMPUTING AND DEVELOPMENT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD

OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

(Computer Science & Engineering)

JUNE-JULY,2022

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: ANURAG BHARTI

UNIVERSITY UID: 21BCS11044

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY GHARUAN, MOHALI

 Certificates of Coursera

1. Cloud Computing Concept, Part 1

……………………………………………… I ……………………………………………
2. Cloud Computing Concept, Part 2

……………………………………………… II ……………………………………………
3. Create a Virtual Private Cloud ( VPC ) Using AWS

……………………………………………… III ……………………………………………

 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, GHARUAN, MOHALI

CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION

I “ANURAG BHARTI” hereby declare that I have undertaken Summer Training and

developed project titled “Collage Authorities Database based on Cloud Computing”

during a period from JUNE 15, 2022 to JULY 29, 2022 in partial fulfillment of requirements

for the award of degree of B.E (COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING) at

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY GHARUAN, MOHALI. The work which is being presented

in the training report submitted to the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY GHARUAN, MOHALI is an authentic record of training

work.

Signature of the Student

ANURAG BHARTI

The training Viva–Voce Examination of has been held on

and accepted.

Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

……………………………………………… IV ……………………………………………
 ABSTRACT

Cloud Computing Concepts have been so important because they offer

flexibility in data recovery and helps in storing data without using paper and use
technology in the best way to store Data.

With the help of the Cloud, Computing companies can store large data also one
of the most significant benefits of Cloud computing is reduced costs. With
Cloud Computing, we can store data on the internet cloud across the worldwide
network without involving third parties This data will be shared on the cloud
anyone can see this and access it remotely.

Computers have turn out to be an essential a part of lifestyles. We need

computers everywhere, be it for work, studies or in this type of field. As using
computer systems in our daily lifestyles increases, the computing sources that
we want additionally move up. For groups like Google and Microsoft,
harnessing the sources as and once they want it isn't a problem. But in terms of
smaller enterprises, affordability will become a big factor. With the big
infrastructure come troubles like machines failure, difficult power crashes,
software program bugs, etc. This is probably a huge headache for this sort of
community. Cloud Computing gives a strategy to this situation.

Cloud computing is a paradigm shift wherein computing is moved far from

non-public computer systems or even the man or woman agency software
server to a ̳cloud‘of computer systems. A cloud is a virtualized server pool that
could offer the one-of-a-kind computing sources in their clients. Users of this
device want simplest be worried with the computing provider being requested
for. The underlying info of ways it's miles completed are hidden from the user.
The records and the offerings supplied are living in hugely scalable records
facilities and may be ubiquitously accessed from any related tool all around the
world.

……………………………………………… V ……………………………………………
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Gratitude cannot be seen or expressed. It can only be felt in the heart and is
beyond description. Often words are inadequate to serve as a model of the
expression of one’s feelings, especially the sense of indebtedness and gratitude
to all those who helped us do our duty. I would like to express my deep and
sincere gratitude to my course instructor, Indra nil Gupta Professor of
Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, Justin Cannady Subject Matter Expert Freedom Learning
Group, and my University for giving me the golden opportunity to do this
Summer/Institutional Training in the form of an online course and for providing
invaluable guidance throughout the course on the topic “Cloud Computing
Concepts, Part 1”, Cloud Computing Concepts, Part 2 and the guided project
on the topic “ Create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)Using AWS ”. It was a
privilege and honour to work and study under such instructors. I am extremely
grateful for what they have offered to me. It helped me in doing a lot of research
and I came to know I learned a lot of things related to this topic.

Finally, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within time.

……………………………………………… IV ……………………………………………
 ABOUT THE COURSE

This course is oriented towards learners with similar backgrounds as juniors

and seniors during a CS undergraduate curriculum. Since learners come
from various backgrounds, it’s critical you view this lecture AND pass the
prerequisite test. this may ensure you have many of the assumed
prerequisite pieces of knowledge required to enjoy this course. Identify and
apply key computing concepts that you are expected to know before you
take this course.

Take the prerequisite quiz and score above the high threshold.
Identify key differences and similarities between cloud computing and
previous generations of distributed systems. Identify why this course is
about distributed systems and the way they underlie today’s clouds. Design
MapReduce programs (in pseudocode) for a spread of problems. Identify
how Hadoop schedules jobs.

……………………………………………… IV ……………………………………………
 CONTENTS

Topic Page No.

Certificates of Coursera...................................................................................i

Candidate’s Declaration..................................................................................iv

Abstract...........................................................................................................v

Acknowledgement..........................................................................................vi

About the Course............................................................................................vii

[CHAPTER – 1] INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................01
1.2 Cloud Computing Basic.......................................................................02
1.3 Type of Cloud......................................................................................02
1.4 Cloud Stockholders..............................................................................03
1.5 Advantage of Using Clouds.................................................................03

[CHAPTER – 2] TRAINING WORK UNDERTAKEN

2.1 Types of utility cloud services.............................................................04

2.2 Amazon EC2 and S3 Services.............................................................05
2.3 Google App - Engine...........................................................................06
2.4 Comparison between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing............06
2.5 Relation between Cloud Computing and Utility Computing...............06

[CHAPTER – 3] RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Result....................................................................................................07
3.2 Discussion.............................................................................................07

[CHAPTER - 4] CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

4.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................08
4.2 Future Scope........................................................................................08

REFERENCES................................................................................................10
 1.1 Introduction

Cloud computing is a recently evolving distributed computing paradigm. Although it is

not a new idea that has emerged in recent times. In 1969 L. But as they grow and
become more sophisticated, we could see the spread of "computing utilities", like
today's electric and telephone utilities, that will serve individual homes and offices.
people across the country. His vision is the true hallmark of today's utility-based
computing paradigm.

One of the big strides for this world came in the mid-1990s when grid computing was
invented to allow consumers to get on-demand computing power. The term cloud
computing was first emphasized by Google CEO Eric Schmidt in late 2006 (he may
have coined the term). As such, the birth of cloud computing is a very recent
phenomenon although its roots lie in old ideas with new business, technical and social
perspectives.

Architecturally, the cloud is built natively on top of existing grid-based architecture

and uses grid services and adds certain technologies such as virtualization and business
models. certain business.

In short, the cloud is essentially a collection of basic computers linked together in the
same or different geographic locations and working together to serve different
customers with different needs and workloads on-demand using virtualization. Cloud
services are provided to cloud users as utilities such as water, electricity and telephone
using a pay-as-you-go business model. These utility services are generally described as
XaaS (X as a Service), where X is often Software or Platform or Infrastructure etc.
Cloud users use these services provided by cloud providers and build their applications
within the internet and then distribute them to their end users. Therefore, cloud users
can reduce their IT expenses by using cloud services instead of setting up IT
infrastructure themselves.

In this report, we try to clarify some ideas: why is cloud computing a buzzword these
days? that is, what are the advantages that the provider and the users get from using the
cloud? Although the idea came back for a long time in 1990, but what situation made it
indispensable today? How is the cloud built? What sets it apart from similar terms like
grid computing and utility computing? What are the different cloud provider services?
While cloud computing today is about business ventures, not non-profit organizations;
how can this new paradigm be used in services such as e- governance and social
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development issues in rural India?

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 1.2 Cloud Computing Basic

Cloud computing is a distributed computing paradigm for providing customers

with on-demand and consumption-based computing services. Cloud adopters, in
turn, can provide more reliable, available, and up-to-date services to their
customers. The cloud itself consists of physical machines in cloud providers ‘data
centers. Virtualization is provided on top of these physical machines. These virtual
machines are made available to cloud users. Various cloud providers offer cloud
services at different levels of abstraction. For example, Amazon EC2 allows users
to manage the details at a very low level, while Google App Engine provides a
development platform for developers to develop their applications. Therefore,
cloud services are divided into several types, such as software as a service,
platform as a service, or infrastructure as a service. These services are available
worldwide via the Internet, with the cloud acting as a single point of entry for all
customers. The architecture of cloud computing responds to the difficulties of
large-scale computing.

Figure 1: Cloud computing overview

1.3 Type of Cloud

Can be Three types of cloud

1. Private Cloud: - This type of cloud is kept within an organization and

used solely for internal purposes.

2. Public Cloud: - In this type, an organization leases cloud services from

cloud service providers on demand.

3. Hybrid Cloud: - This type of cloud is made up of multiple internal

or external clouds.

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1.4 Cloud Stockholders

To find out why cloud computing is used, let's first focus on who uses it. And
then we were discussing the benefits they get from using the cloud. There are
three types of cloud providers, cloud users and end-users.
Cloud service providers provide cloud services to cloud users. These cloud
services take the form of utility computing, ie. H cloud users use these
services on a pay-as-you-go model. Cloud users develop their products using
these services and deliver the product to end-users.

Figure 2: Interconnection between cloud stakeholders

1.5 Advantages of using cloud

The benefits of using cloud services can be technical, architectural,

business, etc.

1. Cloud Providers’ point of view

a) Most data centres are underused nowadays. They are usually used for
15%. These data centres need the spare capacity to cope with huge
spikes in server utilization.
b) Enterprises with large data centres have already committed the resources
and to provide cloud services, they would need very little investment
and the cost would be incremental.

2. Cloud Users’ point of view

a) Cloud users don't have to worry about the hardware and software they
use or worry about maintenance. Users are no longer tied to a
traditional system.
b) Virtualization technology gives the illusion to the users that they are
having all the resources available.
c) Cloud users can use resources as needed and pay as much as they
use. Thus, users can plan well to reduce their usage to minimize
their expenses.

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2.1 Type of Utility cloud service

The utility computing services offered by the cloud provider can be classified
according to the type of services. These services are usually represented as
XaaS, where we can replace X by Infrastructure, platform, Hardware,
Software, Desktop, Data etc. these services are usually repetend as Xaas ,
where we can replace X with infrastructure or platform or hardware or
software or desktop or data etc. There are three main types of services that are
most prevalent: software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure
as a service. These services offer cloud users different levels of abstraction
and flexible.

Figure 3: Cloud Service stack

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 a) SaaS (Software as a service): - Delivers a single application through the
web browser to thousands of customers using a multi-tenant architecture.
On the customer side, this means no upfront investment in servers or
software licenses; on the supplier side, with a single application to
maintain, the costs are low compared to traditional hosting. With SaaS,
the software publisher (vendor) operates and maintains all the necessary
hardware and software. Google Docs is a great example of SaaS, where
users can create, edit, delete and share their documents, spreadsheets, or
presentations while Google is responsible for maintaining the software
and hardware.
Example: - Google Apps, Zoho Office.

b) PaaS (Platform as a service): - Provides the development environment

as a service. You can build your own applications running on the
provider's infrastructure that support transactions, unified authentication,
robust scalability, and availability. Applications built with PaaS are
offered as SaaS and consumed directly from the end users' web browsers.
This offers the ability to integrate or use third-party web services from
other service platforms
Example: - Google App Engine

c) IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): - The IaaS service offers cloud users

greater flexibility at a lower level than other services. It even gives
developers CPU clocks with OS-level control.
Example: - Amazon EC2 and S3

2.2 Amazon EC2 and S3 Service

Amazon Elastic Computing (EC2) is one of the largest organizations providing

Infrastructure as a Service. They provide the computer architecture of the XEN
virtual machine. Amazon EC2 is one of the largest implementations of the
XEN architecture to date. Clients can install their appropriate operating system
on the virtual machine. EC2 uses Simple Storage Service (S3) for data storage.
Users can rent a reasonable amount of CPU power, storage space, and memory
without any upfront commitment. Users can control the entire software stack
from the kernel up. The architecture consists of two components: EC2 for
computing and S3 for storage.

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2.3 Goggle App Engine

Google App Engine is a platform for developing and deploying web

applications on the Google architecture. This provides a platform as a service to
cloud users. In 2008, Google App Engine was first released in beta. The
languages supported by Google App Engine are Python, Java and all JVM
language extensions. App Engine requires developers to only use the languages
it supports, and that includes APIs and frameworks. Now, Google App Engine
allows storing and retrieving data from a non-relational Big Table database.
App Engine applications should be request-response based. Google App Engine
provides automatic scaling and a persistent data storage service. The data store
has a query engine and transactional capabilities. These applications are easy to
scale as traffic and data storage needs to grow, so the cloud user doesn't have to
worry about traffic or data spikes. These applications are generally suitable for
social networking start-ups, event-based websites for seasonal events or
institutions (schools, colleges, universities, government agencies) etc.

2.4 Comparison between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing.

Most cloud architectures rely on grid architecture and use its services. The
grid is also a form of distributed computing architecture where organizations
that own data centres work together for mutual benefit. Although it seems
obvious at first glance that cloud computing is no different from its creator,
despite so many similarities, there are key differences between them.

2.5 Relation between Cloud Computing and Utility Computing.

Cloud users enjoy a utility computing model to interact with cloud service
providers. This utility computing is essentially not the same as cloud
computing. Utility computing is the aggregation of computing resources, such
as computation and storage, as a measured service similar to a traditional public
utility such as electricity, water, or the telephone network. This service can be
provided by a dedicated computer cluster built specifically for lease, or even by
an underutilized supercomputer. And the cloud is one of those options for
providing utility computing to users.

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3.1 Result

Cloud computing is a vast topic and there is no high-level introduction in the above
report. Of course, it is impossible to define these technologies in the limited space
of this report. What awaits this technology in the near future? Cloud computing
stimulates the industry's dependence on this revolutionary technology.

Business organizations are also showing a growing interest in using cloud services.
There are many open research questions in this field such as the security aspect in
the cloud, the migration of virtual machines, the management of big data for
analytical purposes, etc

Cloud computing is a technology that has taken the software and business
world by storm. A good cry for this will take many years.

3.2 Discussion

 Cloud Computing Brings Possibilities........

 Improve corporate responsiveness.

 Accelerate the creation of new services with rapid prototyping
capabilities.
 Reduce the complexity of procurement with a service-oriented
approach.
 Efficient use of IT resources by sharing and expanding the system
 Reducing energy consumption.
 Covers new and new tasks.
 Quick and easy transition to extreme loads.
 Simplified IT management.
 A platform for collaboration and innovation.
 Technology development for the next generation of the workforce

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 4.1 Conclusion

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm of distributed computing. Virtualization

combined with utility computing models can make a difference both in the IT
industry and socially. Although cloud computing is still in its infancy, it is clearly
gaining momentum. Organizations like Google, Yahoo, and Amazon already offer
cloud services.

Products like Google App Engine, Amazon EC2, and Windows Azure are
conquering the market with their ease of use, availability aspects and utility
computing model. Users don’t have to worry about the hinges of distributed
programming as they are provided by cloud providers.

They can spend more on their domain work than on this administrative work.
Business organizations are also showing a growing interest in using cloud services.
There are many open research questions in this field such as the security aspect in
the cloud, the migration of virtual machines, the management of big data for
analytical purposes, etc.

In developing countries like India, cloud computing can be applied to e-governance

and rural development with great success. Although, as we have seen, there are
some critical issues that need to be resolved in order to successfully implement
cloud computing for these social purposes. But they can be addressed through a
detailed study of the topic.

4.2Future Scope

Cloud computing is not a new idea, but it is an evolution of an old distributed

computing paradigm. The increase in enthusiasm for cloud computing in the recent
past is due to some recent technology trends and business models.

1.High demand of interactive applications: - Applications with real- time response

and the ability to provide information from other users or non-human sensors are
gaining popularity today. These are usually attracted to the cloud not only
because of its high availability but also because these services are usually data-
intensive and require analysis of data from various sources.

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2.Parallel batch processing: -The cloud supports highly efficient batch processing
and analysis of terabytes of data. Programming models such as Google's Map-
Reduce and the open-source counterpart Hadoop! from Yahoo! can be used to
hide the operational complexities of parallel processing of hundreds of cloud
computing servers.

3.New Trend in the Business and Science Community: - Lately, businesses are
interested in discovering customer needs, purchasing patterns, and supply chains
for making executive decisions. These require the analysis of large amounts of
online data. This can be done very easily with the help of the cloud. Yahoo! The
home page is a great example of this.
On the homepage, they show the hottest news in the country. And according to
the interests of the users, they modify the ads and other sections of the page.
Apart from that, many scientific experiments require very time-consuming data
processing tasks like LHC (Large Hadron Collider.) These can be done through
the cloud.

4.Full desktop application: - Some desktop applications such as Matlab and

Mathematica are becoming so computationally intensive that a single desktop
computer is no longer sufficient to run them. So they are designed to perform
comprehensive assessments with cloud computing.

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