REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF IFUGAO

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

PREPARATORY SURVEY FOR
MINI-HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT
IN THE PHILIPPINES
(MINI HYDROPOWER PROJECT IN THE
PROVINCE OF IFUGAO)
FINAL REPORT

MARCH, 2013

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER SERVICES CO., LTD.

IL
CR(3)
13-007
 Preface

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct the preparatory

survey and entrust the survey to Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD.

The survey team held a series of discussion with the officials concerned of the
Government of the Philippines, and conducted field investigations. As a result of further studies in
Japan, the present report was finalized.

I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the
enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries.

Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the

Government of the Philippines for their close cooperation extended to the survey team.

March, 2013
Hidetoshi IRIGAKI
Industrial Development and Public Policy Department
Japan International Cooperation Agency
 Summary

1. Country Profile

1-1 National Land and Natural Conditions

Located on the ocean route that links Japan to Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Europe, the Philippines is
composed of 7,109 islands of various sizes. Its national land area is approximately 0.8 times the size of Japan,
and its population of roughly 87 million is the second largest in the ASEAN region.

All of the Philippines belongs to the tropical rain forest zone, and temperatures nationwide reach a peak in May
and hit a low in January. The rainy season and dry season differ according to each area: in Ifugao Province in
the north of Luzon Island where the Project site is located, the dry season lasts from March to May and the
rainy season is from August to October, however, there is no clear difference between the rainy and dry seasons
and it is fairly rainy throughout the year. Annual rainfall around the Project site fluctuates from around 2,500 to
3,000 millimeters.

Rivers in Ifugao Province mainly originate out of mountains to the west and flow into Magat River, which is a
tributary of Kagayan River, the largest in north Luzon. Rivers in the western areas are precipitous and have a
mean river gradient of around 1/20, which makes them suitable for flow-in type hydropower development.

Lamut River, on which the Project site is situated, is also located in this western area.

1-2 Socioeconomic Conditions

Private consumption in the Philippines, supported by healthy remittances by overseas workers, is growing, and
in 2010 the Philippines recorded an economic growth rate of 7.6% (IMF, World Economic Outlook Database)
and GDP of US$199.6 billion (ditto). In 2011, due to the impact of the European credit crisis and so forth,
economic growth slowed to 3.7% (ditto) and the GDP was US$213.1 billion (ditto), however, growth of 4.2%
(ditto) is predicted for 2012, indicating that the country is enjoying firm economic growth. Per capita GDP in
2011 was US$2,223 (ditto).

Looking at the GDP share of each industry, primary industry accounts for 13% (Philippine National Statistical
Coordination Board, 28 November 2012), secondary industry for 32% (ditto), and tertiary industry for 56%
(ditto), and tertiary industry has been growing rapidly in recent years.

In terms of diplomacy, the basic policies are security, economic diplomacy and protection of overseas workers,
and emphasis is placed on relations with Japan, the United States and China. Moreover, the Government of the
Philippines lays emphasis on the following policies geared to realizing even more sustainable economic
growth based on promoting overseas direct investment via improvement of the business and investment
environment: ① enhancement of industrial competitiveness, ② infrastructure development, and ③
promotion of employment. In order to address these policy issues, the government is striving to make
improvements based on various policy, system and administration improvement items.

Under these circumstances, there is a lot of external direct investment from Japan to the Philippines, especially
in the manufacturing sector.

In recent years, relations between the Philippines and Japan have deepened a lot, and the Japan-Philippines
joint statement on the comprehensive promotion of the “strategic partnership” was announced on the occasion
of President Aquino’s visit to Japan, thereby further strengthening ties between the two countries.

2. Background to the Project

2-1 Overall Goals
Having meager fossil fuel resources, the Philippines is promoting the diversification of energy sources,
however, it still relies on imported fossil fuels to generate half of its generated electrical energy, and it is
desirable to switch to further domestic and renewable energies from the viewpoints of energy security and
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Hydropower accounts for 21% of all power supply in the Philippines
and ranks with geothermal energy as a renewable energy and important source of power supply, and its further
utilization is anticipated.

The primary sources of renewable energy in the Philippines are geothermal energy and hydropower; in
particular, the country has abundant hydropower potential amounting to 13,100 MW (of which 3,400 MW is
already developed). Combined potential for mini hydropower development (projects no larger than 10 MW) is
1,880 MW, an promising sites for this are located all over the country. Accordingly, it is anticipated that this can
contribute to the stabilization of power supply in rural areas especially.

In October 2008, the Government of the Philippines enforced the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, R.A. 9513
(hereinafter referred to as the “RE Act”) - the first comprehensive legislation on renewable energy in Southeast
Asia. This Act has the objectives of, ① improving the self-sufficiency of energy supply, ② strengthening the
capacity of central and local governments via development of renewable energy, and ③ balancing economic
growth with environmental protection. Furthermore, the Government of the Philippines in June 2011
announced the National Renewable Energy Program with the goal of increasing the amount of power
generated from renewable energy by three times (to approximately 16,200 MW) over the 2010 level by 2030.
Because the Philippines relies on imported fossil fuels to cover 40% of its power generation requirement,
implementation of the Project can be expected to promote the utilization of renewable energy based on
domestic water resources, and thereby contribute to energy security and reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions.

Ifugao Province, where the Project site is located, has abundant water resources and numerous sites of large
head drop, making it one of the most suitable areas in the Philippines for mini hydropower development. Since
industry in this province is dominated by agriculture in mountain corridors and the electrification rate is
roughly 65% of households (compared to the national average of 80%), the issues that confront the province
concern the diversification of energy supply sources and extension of power. Moreover, prior to enactment of
the RE Program, Ifugao Province in 2007 enacted the Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant Development Program
Ordinance geared to ① expanding the province’s development budget, ② reducing electricity tariffs in the
province, and ③ securing funds for preserving the rice terraces, and it is encouraging hydropower
development in the province.

The Project will contribute to achieving the goals of the RE Act, the National Renewable Energy Program and
the Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant Development Program Ordinance of Ifugao Province.

2-2 Current Conditions and Problems in the Sector

In the Philippines, although there has been active mini-hydropower development following enactment of the
RE Act, because development has conventionally focused on large-scale hydropower development,
appropriate technologies concerning mini hydropower development have failed to take root. As a result, the
average operating rate of exiting flow-in type mini hydropower plants (10 MW or less) is 38%, which is far
lower than the corresponding rate of 76% in Japanese mini hydropower plants of the same scale. In future, it
will be necessary to conduct appropriate development upon giving full consideration to the rooting of
mini-hydropower technologies, mitigation of environmental impacts on local communities and ecosystems,
flood control based on units of rivers and securing of water supply for irrigation purposes and so on.

In Ifugao Province, where the Project site is located, approximately 70% of workers are engaged in primary
industry, 9% are engaged in secondary industry, and 21% are engaged in tertiary industry. Ifugao Province is
famous for rice terraces which spread extensively over mountain slopes and were registered as World Heritage
by UNESCO in 1995. However, in recent years, the rice terraces have become devastated due to the impacts of
globalization. Although the responsibility for conserving the rice terraces of Ifugao has been transferred from
the central government to the provincial government, hardly any financial support has been forthcoming and
the provincial government must independently secure the funds required to conserve the rice terraces.
According to the latest estimate by Ifugao Province, between 30~50 million pesos (60~100 million yen) is
required to conserve the rice terraces every year, however, since this is equivalent to between 25~45% of the
annual development budget of the province (approximately 116 million pesos in 2011), it is virtually
impossible for the provincial government to keep paying for maintenance of the rice terraces out of its own
budget.

Concerning international assistance for preservation of the Ifugao rice terraces, GSEP (Global Sustainable
Electricity Partnership, international NGO and the former “e8”) in January 2010 developed Ambangal mini
hydropower plant (200 kW) in Kiangan District, Ifugao Province and established the Rice Terraces
Conservation Fund (RTCF) based on revenue from the sale of power generated by that plant; however, the
funds generated by this program only account for roughly 10% of the amount required to preserve the rice
terraces.

Against this background, the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE) requested the Government of Japan to
provide grant aid for construction of Likud mini hydropower generation plant in 2012.

3. Outline of the Study Findings and Contents of the Project

In order to contribute to the implementation of the Likud mini hydropower project, which aims to realize stable
power supply in Ifugao Province and expansion of the rice terraces conservation fund, the Project intends to
construct mini hydropower equipment (maximum output 820 kW) and transmission equipment (13.2 kV), and
to implement a soft component geared to establishing the setup for the smooth operation and maintenance of
the plant and equipment and appropriate management of the rice terraces conservation fund. Moreover, in
tandem with the construction of power generating equipment, the local citizens strongly desire the
rehabilitation of existing irrigation channels that are currently out of order, and since the said rehabilitation
work is relatively simple and has negligible impact on the hydropower utility, it has been decided to add this to
the Project activity.

The Project components are as indicated below.

3-1 Mini Hydropower Equipment and Power Distribution Equipment

Table-1 Project Feature of Generation and Distribution Facilities

Item Content Remark
Project Barangay Haliap, Municipality of
Location
Location Asipulo, Province of Ifugao
Intake Weir: N 16°44’ 24.70”
E 121°05’ 30.61”
Coordination
Powerstation: N 16°43’56.01”
E 121°06’08.95”
 River Lamut River
Catchment Area 44.0 km2
Hapao Gauging Station Municipality of Hungduan,
Discharge Gauging Data Barangay Hapao , TEPSCO
observation
Type of Generation Run-of-River
Plant Discharge 2.00 m3/s
Firm Discharge 1.36 m3/s 85% Discharge
Intake Water Level EL. 600.0 m
Project
Tail Water Level EL. 541.0 m
Feature
Gross Head 59.0 m
Effective Head 51.8 m
Plant Capacity 820 kW
Firm Capacity 564 kW 85% Discharge
Item Content Remark
6,206.2 MWh at the average discharge
Annual Generated Energy
duration
5,585.5 MWh Ditto, suspended ration: 90%,
Annual Effective Energy
un-consideration of output
(Generating end)
limitation during the night
January 434.7 MWh Estimation in the drought year
February 304.9 MWh Consideration of output limitation
March 191.7 MWh during the night
Generation April 200.0 MWh
Feature Annual May 378.6 MWh from 22:00 to 6:00:
Effective June 410.5 MWh 410kW of limited output
Energy July 381.6 MWh from 6:00 to 22:00:
(Generating August 422.1 MWh no-limitation of output
end) September 396.6 MWh
October 452.6 MWh Suspended ration
regarding the powerhouse: 5%
November 438.9 MWh
regarding the distribution: 5%
December 439.0 MWh
Total 4,451.1 MWh
H 4.5m, W 22.0m Reinforcement of existing
Intake Weir
irrigation weir
Inlet H 1.5m, W 1.6m
Settling Basin H 3.5m, W 6.5m, L 13.7m
H 1.7m, W 2.0m, L 1,844.4m Open & closed channel, flume,
Headrace
Civil etc
Structure Headtank H 4.0m, W 6.2m, L 14.1m
Spillway H 1.6m, W 1.6m, L 152.6m Buried type
D 0.85m, L 148.7m Buried type, spiral steel pipe,
Penstock
Procurement in Manila
Powerstation H 5.0m, W 9.4m, L 14.0m
Powerhouse Access Road W 4.0m, L 200.0m
 Horizontal Shaft Francis Turbine x2 Procurement from Japanese
Turbine
420 kW、1200 rpm small-medium industry
3 Phase Synchronous Generator x2 Ditto
Generator
460 kVA
Specifications Water Level Controller Ditto
of Electrical/ Governor
Mechanical Excitation System
Control Device
and Auto Synchronizer
Transformation Protection Relay
Equipments Individual Operation Detector
1 Phase 333 kVA ｘ 3 NEA Standard
Main Transformer
Voltage 440/13.2kV
3 Phase Load Breaker Switch Ditto
Switchgear
Voltage 24kV
3 Phase 4 Wire, 13.2kVA NEA Standard
Distribution Line Newly construction: 2.93km P/S ~ No. 89 pole (Haliap Bridge)
Specifications Repayment: 9.31km No. 89 pole ~ Existing line
of Distribution Distribution Pole Steel pole Ditto
Equipments Voltage Transformer Ditto
Watt Hour Metter, etc Current Transformer
Watt Hour Meter

3-2 Repair of Existing Irrigation facilities

Table 2 shows the contents of repairs for existing irrigation facilities.

Table 2 Contents of Repairs to Existing Irrigation Facilities

Item Contents Remarks

Irrigated area targeted for repair 2.43ha

Irrigation flow 0.01 m3/s Water diversion from the settling basin

Installed in tandem with the power

Channel repairs Length 700m, inner width 0.3m
plant headrace channel

3-3 Soft Component

The soft component of the Project will be implemented with the purpose of, 1) establishing the
operation and maintenance setup for the mini hydropower plant, and 2) realizing the appropriate
administration of the rice terraces conservation fund. Table 3 gives a summary of the activities.
 Table 3 Contents of the Soft Component
Objective Implementation Timing Contents of Soft Component
Learning of basic knowledge concerning the
Immediately after the start of works
mini-hydropower plant
During the headrace concrete
Practical training of technology for building civil
Establishing the operation and works
engineering structures on the works site
maintenance setup for the
mini hydropower plant Immediately after implementation Practical training of operation and maintenance in
of the above the existing Ambangal mini-hydropower plant
Practical training at Likud power plant
During the test with flowing water Final screening of operation and maintenance staff
members
Analysis of problems in the current rice terrace
Immediately after the start of works conservation fund operating guidelines in joint work
Appropriate administration of with officials of the provincial government
the rice terraces conservation During the busiest phase of the
Support for revision of the existing guidelines
fund works
Approval of the approved guidelines and support
During the equipment test period for public relations activities concerning fund
utilization

4. Project Works Period and Outline of Project Cost

4-1 Project Works Period

Table 4 shows the works period that will be required to implement the Project.
Table 4 Project Works Period
Implementation Contents Implementation Period Implementation Months
Implementation design May~July, 2013 3 months
Tender-related work July~October, 2013 4 months
Facilities construction and equipment
November 2013 ~ February 2015 16 months
procurement period

4-2 Outline of Project Cost

Table 5 shows the outline of project cost.
Table 5 Outline of Project Cost
Total Project Cost Non-disclosed up to Approval of the Execution and
procurement Contractor Agreements
Burden of Japan Ditto
Burden of the host country 0.46 million yen
(Note) 1.0Php＝￥2.03
5. Project Evaluation
5-1 Relevance

For the Philippines, which rely on imported fossil fuels to provide half of its power requirement,
implementation of the Project is expected to promote the utilization of water resources-based renewable energy,
contribute to improving energy security and help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, since this mini
hydropower activity geared to promoting utilization of renewable energy is also compatible with the energy
policy of the Philippines, the Project is deemed to be relevant.

Moreover, in the Project, it is planned to utilize the profits acquired from power sales for conserving the World
Heritage rice terraces of Ifugao via the RTCF. Doing so will also make a contribution to preserving tourism
resources and will thus also be significant in terms of promoting environmental conservation and local
economic development.

At the same time, through adding to the experience of Japanese mini hydropower equipment makers, which
possess technical capability but are having difficulty making overseas advances, the Project will contribute to a
new growth strategy that is based on the promotion of technical dissemination and overseas extension.

5-2 Effectiveness
The anticipated outputs of Project implementation are as follows.
(1) Quantitative effects
Table 6 Quantitative Effect Indicators
Reference Value Target Value (as of 2018)
Indicator
(as of 2012) [3 years after Project completion]
Generated electrical energy at the generating end
0 4,451
(MWh/year)
Contribution to CO2 emissions reduction (tCO2/year)
0 2,167
(generating end)

(2) Qualitative Effects

The following qualitative effects can be anticipated from implementation of the Project.

Qualitative Effects： The profit which will be secured from electricity sales of Likud Mini-Hydropower plant, will
contribute to conservation of Ifugao tourism resources including rice terraces of World Heritage
 Preparatory Survey Report
for
Preparatory Survey for Mini-Hydropower Development Project
in the Philippines
(Mini-Hydropower Project in the Province of Ifugao)

Contents

Preface
Location Map / Perspective
Pictures of the Project Site
Summary
Contents
List of Tables & Figures
Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Background of the Project ---------------------------------------------------- 1-1

1-1 Background ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1-1
1-2 Natural Condition --------------------------------------------------------------- 1-4
1-3-1 Hydrological/Meteorological Characteristics around the Project Site ---------------- 1-4
1-2-1-1 Topographical Characteristics --------------------------------------------- 1-4
1-2-1-2 Meteorological Characteristics --------------------------------------------- 1-5
1-2-1-3 Gauging Station near the Project Site --------------------------------------- 1-7
1-2-1-4 River Flow Measurement at the Project Site --------------------------------- 1-11
1-2-1-5 Usable River Flow Rate for Power Generation ------------------------------- 1-14
1-2-2 General view of Topography and Geology ------------------------------------ 1-22
1-3 Environmental and Social Conditions ---------------------------------------------- 1-29
1-3-1 Scoping-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-29
1-3-2 Impacts on Natural Environment ----------------------------------------------- 1-32
1-3-3 Impacts on Social Environment ------------------------------------------------- 1-32
1-3-4 Environmental Management Plan ----------------------------------------------- 1-32
1-3-4-1 Monitoring Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 1-33
1-3-4-2 Monitoring Form --------------------------------------------------------- 1-35
1-3-5 Stakeholder Meeting -----------------------------------------------------------1-35
1-3-6 Acquisition of Land ------------------------------------------------------------ 1-41
1-3-6-1 Legal Framework for land Acquisition --------------------------------------- 1-41
1-3-6-2 Extent of Impact by the Project --------------------------------------------- 1-45
 1-3-6-3 Result of Hearing Opinions about Land Acquisition ----------------------------- 1-45
1-3-6-4 Compensation Measures --------------------------------------------------- 1-47
1-3-6-5 Grievance Mechanism ------------------------------------------------------ 1-48
1-3-6-6 Implementation Setup for Land Acquisition ------------------------------------ 1-49
1-3-6-7 Funding for land Acquisition -------------------------------------------------- 1-49
1-3-6-8 Implementation Schedule --------------------------------------------------- 1-50
1-3-7 Social Acceptability -------------------------------------------------------------- 1-51
1-3-8 Environmental Checklist --------------------------------------------------------- 1-53
1-3-9 Other Information (Global Issues) ------------------------------------------------- 1-62

Chapter 2 Contents of the Project -------------------------------------------------------- 2-1

2-1 Basic Concept of the Project ------------------------------------------------------ 2-1
2-1-1 Overall Goal and Project Purpose ---------------------------------------------- 2-1
2-1-2 Outline of the Project -------------------------------------------------------- 2-1
2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance --------------------------------------- 2-4
2-2-1 Design Policy ------------------------------------------------------------- 2-4
2-2-2 Project Site ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2-9
2-2-3 Basic Plan ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2-12
2-2-3-1 Overall Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 2-12
2-2-3-2 Facility and Equipment Plan -------------------------------------------- 2-18
2-2-3-2-1 Hydropower Plant -------------------------------------------------- 2-18
2-2-3-2-2 Rehabilitation of Damaged Communal Irrigation System ---------------- 2-24
2-2-4 Design Drawing ------------------------------------------------------------ 2-25
2-2-5 Implementation Plan ------------------------------------------------------- 2-26
2-2-5-1 Implementation Policy -------------------------------------------------- 2-26
2-2-5-2 Implementation Conditions ---------------------------------------------- 2-27
2-2-5-3 Scope of Works ------------------------------------------------------- 2-29
2-2-5-4 Construction Plan ----------------------------------------------------- 2-30
2-2-5-5 Construction Supervision ----------------------------------------------- 2-31
2-2-5-6 Quality Control Plan ---------------------------------------------------- 2-33
2-2-5-7 Procurement Plan ----------------------------------------------------- 2-34
2-2-5-8 Initial Control Guidance and Operation Guidance Plan ---------------------- 2-35
2-2-5-9 Soft Component Plan --------------------------------------------------- 2-36
2-2-5-10 Implementation Schedule ---------------------------------------------- 2-39
2-3 Obligation of Recipient Country --------------------------------------------------- 2-40
2-4 Project Operation Plan ----------------------------------------------------------- 2-42
2-4-1 Project Operation and Maintenance Setup ------------------------------------ 2-42
 2-4-2 Power Plant Operation and Maintenance Setup -------------------------------- 2-45
2-5 Project Cost Estimation ---------------------------------------------------------- 2-46
2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation ------------------------------------------------------- 2-46
2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost --------------------------------------------- 2-47

Chapter 3 Project Evaluation----------------------------------------------------------- 3-1

3-1 Preconditions ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3-1
3-2 Necessary Input by Recipient Country -------------------------------------------- 3-4
3-2-1 Input of DOE ------------------------------------------------------------- 3-4
3-2-2 Input of PGI -------------------------------------------------------------- 3-4
3-3 Important Assumption ----------------------------------------------------------- 3-5
3-4 Project Evaluation -------------------------------------------------------------- 3-7
3-4-1 Relevance ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3-7
3-4-2 Effectiveness --------------------------------------------------------------- 3-7

［Appendix］
1. Member List of the Study Team ------------------------------------------------------ A-1
2. Study Schedule ------------------------------------------------------------------- A-2
3. List of Parties Concerned in the Philippines ------------------------------------------- A-5
4. Minutes of Discussion -------------------------------------------------------------- A-7
5. Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan ------------------------------------------ A-36
6. Other Relevant Data --------------------------------------------------------------- A-49
(1) Provincial Ordinance No.2010-019 & RTCF Guideline -------------------------------- A-47
(2) MOU for Environmental Monitoring (DOE and PGI) ---------------------------------- A-106
(3) Minutes of Meetings in 2012 --------------------------------------------------------A-108
(4) Minutes of Meetings in 2013---------------------------------------------------- A-178
(5) Write-up of Mr. August Villalon, Landscape Architect/Cultural and Heritage
Specialist, the impact for the Ifugao’s landscape, life and culture
by the Project---------------------------------------------------------------- A-235
(6) Write-up of Mr. Raymundo A. Binbinon, Memory keeper of Ifugao culture,
the impact for the Ifugaos by the Project----------------------------------------- A-242
7. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) ------------------------------------------- A-243
Location of Ifugao and the Project Site

Capital lagawe

Project Site 0 20ｋｍ

Manila

Scale
0 150km
Location of the Philippines

Location Map
Perspective of the Project
 Pictures of the Project Site

Photograph 1: The rice terraces of Ifugao Province were Photograph 2: Ambangal mini hydropower plant, which was

registered as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1995, however, developed with the objective of generating funds for conserving

the have become devastated in recent years because the the rice terraces. However, the funds generated by this

provincial government cannot afford to properly maintain them. program only account for roughly 10% of the amount required

to preserve the rice terraces.

Photograph 3: Current conditions of irrigation water intake weir. Photograph 4: Current conditions of the water channel route. A

Currently, the river water isn’t acquired but simply flows over the concrete channel (width 2.0 m, height 1.7 m) will run for

weir. In the Project, it is planned to rehabilitate this weir (raising approximately 1.8 km from the intake weir to the head tank.

by approximately 0.3 m) with a view to in-taking a maximum of

3
2.0m /s of water.
 Pictures of the Project Site

Photograph 5: Rice paddies around a section of the water Photograph 6: Current conditions of the penstock installation

channel. The channel is arranged so that it runs along the paths route. Water will be guided approximately 150 m from the head

that separate the paddies with a view to minimizing the impacts tank to the power plant, and the head of approximately 52 m

of land appropriation. over this section will be utilized to generate maximum outpu of

820 kW.

Photograph 7: Current conditions of the power plant Photograph 8: Existing 13.2 kV power distribution line. Since

construction site. Water will be discharged in this area. There is the existing distribution line (to which the power plant will be

a road and bridge downstream from here, and it is possible to connected) uses a lot of wooden poles in poor condition, these

transport equipment and materials onto the site. will be replaced with steel poles in order to ensure stable

supply. Also, 3-phase distribution lines will be used up to the

new power plant.

 List of Tables
Number Title Page
Table 1-1 Monthly Mean River Flow at Hapao Gauging Station 1-9
Table 1-2 Results of Flow Measurement at Lamut River 1-12
Table 1-3 River Flow Rate at Intake Site of Likud MHP 1-13
Table 1-4 Calculation of Annual Precipitation Loss at the Project Site 1-17
Table 1-5 Conversion Rate on Rainfall 1-17
Table 1-6 The Characteristics of the Water Surrounding Likud Scheme 1-24
Table 1-7 Scoping 1-29
Table 1-8 Environmental Management Plan 1-33
Table 1-9 Monitoring Plan 1-34
Table 1-10 Water Quality (During construction) 1-35
Table 1-11 Water Quality (During operation) 1-35
Table 1-12 Monitoring of Aquatic biota (Freshwater fish) (During operation) 1-35
Table 1-13 The Member of Stakeholder and the Community 1-36
Table 1-14 The Stakeholder Meetings and the Community Consultations in 2011 1-37
Table 1-15 The Stakeholder Meetings and the Community Consultations in 2012 1-38
Table 1-16 Questions and Answers of Stakeholders Meetings 1-39
Table 1-17 LGU Code for Land Acquisition 1-42
Table 1-18 Gap between JICA Guidelines and Laws of the Philippines on Compensation 1-42
Table 1-19 Results of Interviews on Land Acquisition 1-46
Table 1-20 Compensation Rates according to Land Use 1-47
Table 1-21 Compensation Rate of Existing Forest Trees 1-48
Table 1-22 Compensation Rate of Existing Fruit Bearing Trees 1-48
Table 1-23 The Basis of Land Compensation 1-50
Table 1-24 Compensation Schedule 1-50
Table 1-25 Monitoring Format of Land Compensation 1-51
Table 1-26 Environmental Checklists 1-54
Table 2-1 Technical Standard and Cost Estimate Standard Used in the Project 2-4
Table 2-2 Hydropower Potential Sites in Ifugao Province 2-11
Table 2-3 Results of Headrace Route Comparative Examination 2-14
Table 2-4 Feature of Civil Structures 2-18
Table 2-5 Specification of Electrical and Mechanical Equipments 2-20
Table 2-6 Specification of Transformation and Distribution Equipments 2-22
Table 2-7 Length of the Distribution Line Works Sections 2-23
Table 2-8 Consultant Supervision Staff 2-32
Table 2-9 Frequency of Concrete Tests 2-33
Table 2-10 Procurement of Construction Materials 2-34
Table 2-11 Procurement Plan for Main Equipment 2-34
Table 2-12 Spare Parts List 2-35
Table 2-13 Implementation Plan of Initial Control Guidance and Operation Guidance 2-36
Table 2-14 Soft Component Implementation Schedule 2-38
Table 2-15 Implementation Schedule of the Project 2-39
Table 2-16 Authorization Procedures Needed for the Hydropower Development 2-40
Table 2-17 Power Generated and Power Sale of Ambangal MHPP 2-42
Table 2-18 List of Approved RTCF Project 2-43
Table 2-19 Roles in Operation of the Power Plant and Rice Terraces Conservation Fund 2-44
Table 2-20 Hydropower Plant Operation and Maintenance Personnel 2-45
Table 2-21 Cost Burden of the Philippines 2-46
Table 2-22 Setting of Exchange Rate (JPY/Php) and Price Fluctuation Factor 2-47
Table 2-23 Power Plant Operation and Maintenance Cost 2-47
Table 3-1 Quantitative Effect Indicators 3-7
 List of Figures
Number Title Page
Fig. 1-1 Topographic Map of Northern Luzon 1-4
Fig. 1-2 Climate Classification in Northern Luzon 1-5
Fig. 1-3 Isotheral Map of Annual Rainfall 1-6
Fig. 1-4 Trend of Annual Rainfall in Baguio City, Benguet Province 1-6
Fig. 1-5 Location of Hapao Gauging Station 1-8
Fig. 1-6 Monthly Mean River Flow at Hapao Gauging Station 1-9
Fig. 1-7 Flow Duration Curve at Hapao Gauging Station 1-10
Fig. 1-8 Location of Likud Gauging Station 1-11
Fig. 1-9 Cross Section of River at Likud GS 1-11
Fig. 1-10 River Water Level at Likud Gauging Station 1-12
Fig. 1-11 H-Q Rating Curve at Likud GS 1-13
Fig. 1-12 Isotheral Map in Northern Luzon 1-16
Fig. 1-13 Isotheral Map at the Project Site 1-17
Fig. 1-14 Comparison of Flow Duration between Likud GS and Hapao GS 1-18
Fig. 1-15 Flow duration Curve of The Project Site 1-21
Fig. 1-16 Irrigated Area around the Project Site 1-20
Fig. 1-17 Tectonics of the Luzon and schematic profile of W-E direction 1-22
Fig. 1-18 General Published Geologic Quadrangles and the Position of the Project Site 1-23
Fig. 1-19 Bird’s Eye View of whole Likud Scheme Area and Illustration of Geology 1-25
Fig. 1-20 Strike-line map of whole Likud Scheme Area looked down from SSE Direction 1-26
Fig. 1-21 Schematic Geological Profile of Likud Scheme Area(SW-NE direction) 1-26
Fig. 2-1 Composition of the Hydropower Generation Equipment 2-2
Fig. 2-2 Contents of Rehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities 2-3
Fig. 2-3 Composition of the Soft Component 2-3
Fig. 2-4 Target Area of the Rehabilitation 2-6
Fig. 2-5 Flow Duration Curve at Hapao Gauging Station 2-8
Fig. 2-6 Hydropower Potential Sites in Ifugao Province 2-10
Fig. 2-7 Alternatives Plans of Headrace Route 2-13
Fig. 2-8 General Layout 2-16
Fig. 2-9 Flow Duration Curve at the Project Site 2-17
Fig. 2-10 Target Daily Load Curve 2-18
Fig. 2-11 Proposed Rehabilitation of Irrigation Channel 2-25
Fig. 2-12 Conceptual View of the Temporary Installation Plan 2-29
Fig. 2-13 Project Management Setup 2-43
Fig. 2-14 Likud Mini Hydropower Plant Operation and Maintenance Setup 2-45
Fig. 3-1 Mini-hydro Permit Process Flow 3-3
 Abbreviations
AMHPP Ambangal Mini-Hydro Power Plant
B/C ratio Benefit / Cost ratio
BBL Barrel
BRTTF Banaue Rice Terrace Task Force
CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim
CALC Certificate of Ancestral Land Claims
CAR Cordillera Autonomous Region
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CIS Communal Irrigation System
CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
COA Commission of Audit
COC Certificate of Compliance
D/L Distribution Line
DBO Department of Budget Office
DBO-CAR Department of Budget Office-Cordillera Autonomous Region
DBP Development Bank of the Philippines
D-CNC Category D-Certificate of Non-Coverage
DENR Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DOE Department of Energy
DPWH Department of Public Work and Highway
e8 An international NPO which is composed of 10 of the world's leading electricity companies from G8 countries
EC Electric Cooperative
ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate
EDP Environmental Development Project
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
EPIRA Electric Power Industry Reform Act
ERC Energy Regulatory Commission
ESA Energy Sales Agreement
FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return
FIT Feed-In-Tariff
FPIC Free Prior Informed Consent
GDP Gross Domestic Product
HRMO Human Resources Management Office
ICC Indigenous Cultural Community
ICHO Ifugao Cultural Heritage Office
ICOMOS International Council of Monuments and Sites
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IFELCO Ifugao Electric Cooperative
IKGS International Keeping Good Sannna
IPRA Indigenous Peoples Right Act
IRA Internal Revenue Allotment
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations
IRTCHO Ifugao Rice Terraces Cultural Heritage Office
ITC Ifugao Terraces Commission
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature
JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
ｋW Kilo Watt
ｋWh Kilo Watt Hour
LGU Local Government Unit
LLCR Loan Life Coverage Ratio
LMHPP Likud Mini-Hydropower Plant
LTL Long Term Loan
MEG Monitoring and Evaluation Group
MHｈ Mega Watt hour
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office
NAPOCOR National Power Corporation
NCCA National Commission on Culture and Arts
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous People
NGCP National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
NGO Non Governmental Organization
NPC National Power Corporation
NPV Net Present Value
NSO National Statistics Office
NUVELCO Nueva Vizcaya Electric Cooperation
NWRB National Water Resource Board
O&M Operation and Maintenance
P/S Power Station
PACCO Provincial Accounting Office
PAENRO Provincial Agriculture Environment Natural Resources Office
PBP Pay Back Period
PD Presidential Decree
PEO Provincial Engineering Office
PGI Provincial Government of Ifugao
PGO Provincial Governor's Office
PHP Peso
PLO Provincial Legal Office
PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office
Pre-FS Pre-Feasibility Study
PTO Provincial Treasury Office
PV Present Value
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
RA Republic Act
RE Renewable Energy
REMB Renewable Energy Management Bureau
ROE Return of Equity
ROI Return on Investment
RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard
S/S Sub-Station
SB Sanggunian Bayan
SITMO Save the Ifugao Terraces Movement
SP Sanggunian Panlalawigan
STL Short Term Loan
T/L Transmission Line
TEPCO Tokyo Electric Power Company
TOR Terms of Reference
TP Tapping Point
TRANSCO National Transmission Corporation
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
WTI West Texas Intermediate
 Chapter 1 Background of the Project

1-1 Background
The Philippines has meager fossil fuel resources, however, the country depends approximately 65% of
electricity source on fossil fuel (as of 2010, gross electricity capacity: 16,539MW, coal: 27%, oil: 20%,
natural gas: 18%, hydropower: 21%, geothermal: 13%). In terms of energy security as well as reduction of
greenhouse effect gas, domestic renewable energy is expected to substitute imported fossil fuel.
Currently total potential hydropower is estimated to be approximately 13,097MW. However, large-scale
hydropower development requires vast initial investment as well as long-range collection period and this
causes difficulties in funding and socio-environmental consideration especially in the Philippines where
private initiative lead the deregulated power market sector. As a result, only approximately 25%
(3,400MW) of total potential hydropower is utilized so far. Meanwhile, small-scale hydropower
development have less impact on the country’s whole energy balance, at the same time it causes fewer
difficulties in such aspects. In addition, the country has rich small-scale (capacity less than or equal to
10MW) hydropower potential of approximately 1,900MW. Therefore, it is expected that the country
aggressively develop small-scale hydropower

In October 2008, the Government of the Philippines enforced the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, R.A.
9513 (hereinafter referred to as the “RE Act”) - the first comprehensive legislation on renewable energy in
Southeast Asia. This Act has the objectives of improving the self-sufficiency of energy supply,
strengthening the capacity of central and local governments via development of renewable energy, and
balancing economic growth with environmental protection. Furthermore, the Government of the
Philippines in June 2011 announced the National Renewable Energy Program with the goal of increasing
the amount of power generated from renewable energy by three times (to approximately 16,200 MW) over
the 2010 level by 2030.

Following enforcement of the RE Act, although hydropower development has become more active, the
availability of appropriate technology for hydropower development has led to an indiscriminate rush of
hydropower development by independent power producers (IPPs), including hurriedly established
companies and foreign affiliates with no experience of hydropower development, without any overall
planning. Accordingly, there is need to conduct appropriate development while giving full consideration to
mitigation of environmental impacts on local communities and ecosystems, flood control in units of rivers,
and securing of enough water for irrigation purposes and so on.

Ifugao Province, where the Project site is located, is famous for rice terraces which spread extensively over

1-1
mountain slopes and were registered as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1995. However, in recent years, the
rice terraces have become devastated due to the impacts of globalization and the area was placed on the List
of World Heritage in Danger1 in 2001.

Although the responsibility for preserving the rice terraces of Ifugao has been transferred from the central
government to the provincial government, hardly any financial support has been forthcoming and the
provincial government must independently secure the funds required to preserve the rice terraces.
Preservation of the rice terraces not only requires physical maintenance but can only be realized by
guaranteeing the stable livelihoods of the residents who cultivate the land. According to the latest estimate
by Ifugao Province, between 60~100 million yen is required to preserve the rice terraces every year,
however, since this is equivalent to between 40~65% of the annual development budget of the province
(approximately 155 million yen in 2009), it is virtually impossible for the provincial government to keep
paying for maintenance of the rice terraces out of its development budget.
Furthermore, the main industry of Ifugao Province is agriculture centering on rice farming, however, due to
the harsh cultivation conditions and low production levels, almost all of the rice harvest is used for private
consumption and makes no contribution towards improving the provincial finances. Consequently, Ifugao
Province must rely on external assistance in order to secure the funds required to preserve the rice terraces.

In these circumstances, the Provincial Government of Ifugao enacted the Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant
Development Program Ordinance (Ordinance No. 2007-045) geared to expanding the provincial
development budget, reducing power tariffs in the province and securing funds for preservation of the rice
terraces in 2007 prior to enactment of the RE Act. Based on this, it has been promoting development of
hydropower within the province.

Concerning international assistance for preservation of the Ifugao rice terraces, GSEP2 (the former “e8,”
hereafter referred to as “e8” in this report) in January 2010 developed Ambangal mini hydropower plant
(200 kW) and established the Rice Terraces Conservation Fund (RTCF) based on revenue from the sale of
power generated by that plant; however, the funds generated by this program only account for roughly
10% of the amount required to preserve the rice terraces.

Against this background, the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE) requested the Government of Japan

1
The site was removed from the list at the 36th Conference of the World Heritage Commission held in Russia in June
2012.
2
Global Sustainable Electricity Partnership (the former “e8”: An international NPO that is composed of 10 leading
power companies from the G8 nations and has the objective of disseminating renewable energy. The Japanese
representatives are Tokyo Electric Power Co. and Kansai Electric Power Co.).

1-2
to provide grant aid for construction of Likud mini hydropower generation plant with the goals of
promoting regional electrification and preserving the rice terraces in Ifugao Province.

The Project will be conducted in accordance with the “Green Growth” policy by Government of Japan,
which emphasizes on utilization of elaborated products, such as hydro turbines, fabricated by Japanese
small, medium scale enterprise.

1-3
1-2 Natural Condition

1-2-1 Hydrological/Meteorological Characteristics around the Project Site

1-2-1-1 Topographical Characteristics

The topography of northern Luzon is shown in Fig. 1-1. Ifugao Province is located at the heart of northern
Luzon. The western part of the province is dominated by a mountain range which forms part of the
Cordillera Central. A series of 2,000 m Class Mountains run along the north-western provincial border
while lowland with an elevation of around 300 m spreads in the eastern part of the province.

Many rivers in Ifugao Province originate in the western mountain ranges and flow into Magat River which
is a tributary of Cagayan River, the largest river in northern Luzon. Rivers in the western part of the
province generally have a steep gradient and the mean stream gradient is some 1 in 20. Such topography
makes rivers in the western part of the province good candidates for the development of run-of-river type
hydropower generation.

IFUGAO

Source: Ethnographic Atlas of IFUGAO – Harold C. Conklin

Fig.1-1 Topographic Map of Northern Luzon

1-4
1-2-1-2 Meteorological Characteristics

The meteorological characteristics of northern Luzon are shown in Fig. 1-2. The climate of the Philippines
is largely classified into four types (Type I through Type IV) and all types are observed in northern Luzon.
In the CAR, as the region is divided by the Cordillera Central, the local climate in the western part facing
the South China Sea completely differs from the climate in the Cagayan catchment area facing the Pacific
Ocean. Ifugao Province primarily belongs to the Type II and Type III zones. The western part of the
province belongs to the Type II zone where there is no clear distinction between the dry season and the
rainy season with a fair amount of rainfall recorded in the dry season. Meanwhile, the flat eastern lowland
of the province belongs to Type III with a lower rainfall level than the western part.

I
II

III

IV

Project Site

II

III

IV

Source: Ethnographic Atlas of IFUGAO – Harold C. Conklin

Fig. 1-2 Climate Classification in Northern Luzon

As shown in Fig. 1-3, the maximum annual rainfall is as high as some 4,000 mm in the western part of the
province. The level of annual rainfall decreases towards the flat eastern lowland of the province where the
figure is around 1,500 mm. In the western mountain range, the annual rainfall is generally around 3,000
mm and a fair amount of rainfall can be expected even in the dry season. The western part of the province is,
therefore, suitable for run-of-river type power generation also from the viewpoint of the local climate.

1-5
 Source: Report for Study on Hydropower Potentials in Luzon Island, Main Report– JICA
Fig 1-3 Isotheral Map of Annual Rainfall

The planned Likud MHP site under the present study is located in the western part of the province and the
local level of annual rainfall is 2,500 mm ~ 3,000 mm.

No long-term rainfall observation data exists for Ifugao Province. Fig. 1-4 shows the annual rainfall data for
the city of Baguio in Benguet Province where the annual rainfall is understood to be similar to that of the
western part of Ifugao Province where the project site is located. According to this data, the return period
which are years from a dry year until next a dry year is some 4 ~ 5 years even though a severe drought
occurs once every 8 ~ 11 years.
Annual Rainfall at Baｇuio City
5,500

4 years 5 years 4 years 3 years 4 years

5,000

4,500
Annual Rainfall (mm/year)

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

4 years 4 years 4 years 7 years 2 years

2,000
8 years 11 years

1,500
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
year

Source: “Monthly Total and Annual Climatic Data, Rainfall”, Department Science and
Technology PAGASA
Fig.1-4 Trend of Annual Rainfall in Baguio City, Benguet Province

1-6
1-2-1-3 Gauging Station near the Project Site

In the Philippines, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the National
Water Resources Board (NWRB) conduct discharge observation even though many gauging
stations were withdrawn in the early 1990’s. In Ifugao Province, the Magat River Gauging Station
used to be run by the NWRC. As the actual data from this station is quite old, covering the period
from 1942 to 1967, and as the target catchment area was as large as 4,150 km2, this data cannot be
used for the planning of the Project with a catchment area of only 44.0 km2.

Data which can be used for the Project is gauging data for Hapao River in the Hungduan
Municipality (see Fig. 1-5) collected by the TEPSCO since November, 2003. The Hapao Gauging
Station (GS) is situated some 18 km northwest of the project site and its catchment area of 45.0
km2 is almost identical to the catchment area of 44.0 km2 of the planned Likud MHP. Gauging
operation at the Hapao GS was disrupted in 2010 as the staff gauge was damaged by flooding but
operation resumed in February, 2011 with the repair of the staff gauge.

1-7
 Hapao GS

18km

Ambangal MHP

Project Site

5.0km

Fig.1-5 Location of Hapao Gauging Station

Observation records from the Hapao GS are shown in Fig. 1-6, Fig. 1-7 and Table 1-1.

1-8
 2
Monthly Mean Flow at Hapao River (C.A=45.0km )
16
2004
2005
14
2006
2007
12
2008
Manthly Mean Flow(m3/s)

2009
10 Average

0
Jan. Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Fig.1-6 Monthly Mean River Flow at Hapao Gauging Station

Table 1-1 Monthly Mean River Flow at Hapao Gauging Station

Unit: m3/s
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Average
Jan. 5.92 3.64 9.00 6.89 3.40 4.01 5.48
Feb 6.18 1.96 4.70 2.42 3.45 2.13 3.47
Mar 3.11 2.99 4.31 0.63 3.67 1.20 2.65
Apr 1.88 2.23 2.23 0.61 1.50 3.57 2.00
May 2.62 2.16 4.66 2.66 8.56 10.38 5.17
Jun 7.64 5.66 5.69 4.28 3.02 4.25 5.09
Jul 14.31 4.75 10.32 1.89 3.19 4.04 6.42
Aug 13.03 8.66 8.86 8.98 4.85 3.11 7.92
Sep 6.76 12.62 11.24 8.37 4.53 12.03 9.26
Oct 4.46 7.41 10.32 8.04 7.11 12.04 8.23
Nov 6.05 6.32 9.43 9.37 4.35 5.22 6.79
Dec 10.13 10.01 8.35 5.14 3.24 3.64 5.68
Average 6.84 5.70 7.43 4.94 4.24 5.47 5.68

1-9
 2
Flow Duration in Hapao River (C.A.=45km )

20
River Flow
2004 Percentage (%) 3
(m /s)
18 2005
1 33.08
2006
16 2007 5 14.45

2008 10 9.99
14 2009 20 7.69
Average
30 6.25
River Flow (m /s)

12
3

40 5.46
10 50 4.58

60 3.68
8
70 2.95
6 80 2.40

85 2.07
4
90 1.71

2 95 1.47

100 1.15
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Percent of Time Flow Equalled or Exceeded (%)

Fig.1-7 Flow Duration Curve at Hapao Gauging Station

1-10
1-2-1-4 River Flow Measurement at the Project Site

(1) River Water Level Observation

In February, 2011, the Study Team installed a staff gauge on Lamut River, the target river of the Project, and
the river water level is being measured on a daily basis.

KIANGAN N

To Lagawe

Staff Gauge

C.A=44.0km2

Project Site
AS-1

To Asipulo

Source: NMRIA 7276 IV and 7276

Fig.1-8 Location of Likud Gauging Station

Cross Section of River at Likud GS

3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
Gauge-B Y: 1.60m
1.6
Y (m)

1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6 Gauge-A Y: 0.52m
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
X (m)

Fig.1-9 Cross Section of River at Likud GS

1-11
The river water level observation results up to the end of June at this site are shown in Fig. 1-10.

River Water Level at Likud GS Water Level (m)

Date
March April May June July
2.50 1 0.35 0.65 0.45 0.47 0.69
2 0.55 0.65 0.37 0.45 0.59
3 0.55 0.50 0.36 0.42 0.42
4 0.57 0.45 0.35 0.39 0.42
5 0.57 0.45 0.34 0.37 0.40
6 0.56 0.44 0.34 0.35 0.44
2.00 7 0.58 0.44 0.33 0.34 0.43
8 0.70 0.42 0.33 0.34 0.43
9 0.67 0.43 0.37 0.37 0.59
10 0.65 0.42 0.38 0.37 0.53
River Water Level (m)

11 0.57 0.46 0.34 0.36 0.55

12 0.50 0.47 0.36 0.36 0.50
1.50
13 0.45 0.45 0.35 0.34 0.44
14 0.43 0.48 0.34 0.35 0.44
15 0.45 0.43 0.34 0.35 0.48
16 0.46 0.43 0.35 0.34 0.45
17 0.52 0.43 0.37 0.33 0.43
1.00 18 0.48 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.42
19 0.48 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.37
20 0.45 0.67 0.45 0.33 0.38
21 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.32 0.35
22 0.44 0.55 0.45 0.32 0.45
23 0.44 0.53 0.45 0.42 0.40
0.50 24 0.43 0.50 0.46 0.38 0.40
25 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.38 0.42
26 0.52 0.54 0.48 0.48 0.36
27 0.47 0.45 0.56 0.42 2.07
28 0.60 0.45 0.49 0.41 1.88
29 0.57 0.52 0.49 0.40 0.59
0.00 30 0.66 0.48 0.48 0.36 0.53
1- 11- 21- 31- 10- 20- 30- 10- 20- 30- 9- 19- 29- 9- 19- 29- 31 0.68 0.48 0.49
Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr May May May Jun Jun Jun Jul Jul Jul Average

Fig.1-10 River Water Level at Likud Gauging Station

(2) Flow Measurement and Rating Curve

The Study Team conducted flow measurement at Lamut River with a view to producing a H-Q rating curve.

Table 1-2 Results of Flow Measurement at Lamut River

Reading of Staff Result of Flow River Flow at

Date Measuring Point (km2)
Gauge (m) Measurement (m3/s) Intake site (m3/s)

Apr.30,2011 0.38 1.738 Near GS (C.A=44km2) 1.738

Jun.30,2011 0.42 2.152 Near GS (C.A=44km2) 2.152

Jul.1,2011 0.50 4.298 Mappit Bridge (C.A=49km2) 3.859

The H-Q rating curve produced based on the flow measurement results in shown in Fig. 1-11.

1-12
 Rating Curve at Likud GS (44.0km 2 )

0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
H: Water Level (m)

0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35 Q=30.250xH2-8.822xH+0.643

0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0

Q: Discharge (m3/s)

Fig.1-11 H-Q Rating Curve at Likud GS

(3) River Flow Rate at the Intake Site (March ~ June, 2011)
Using the H-Q rating curve (see Fig. 1-11), the river flow rate at the intake site during the observation
period was calculated as shown in Table 1-3.

Table 1-3 River Flow Rate at Intake Site of Likud MHP

3
Water Level (m) River Flow Rate (m /s)
Date
March,2011 April May June July March April May June July
1 0.35 0.65 0.45 0.47 0.69 1.261 7.689 2.799 3.179 8.958
2 0.55 0.65 0.37 0.45 0.59 4.942 7.689 1.520 2.799 5.968
3 0.55 0.50 0.36 0.42 0.42 4.942 3.795 1.387 2.274 2.274
4 0.57 0.45 0.35 0.39 0.42 5.443 2.799 1.261 1.803 2.274
5 0.57 0.45 0.34 0.37 0.40 5.443 2.799 1.140 1.520 1.954
6 0.56 0.44 0.34 0.35 0.44 5.189 2.618 1.140 1.261 2.618
7 0.58 0.44 0.33 0.34 0.43 5.702 2.618 1.026 1.140 2.443
8 0.70 0.42 0.33 0.34 0.43 9.290 2.274 1.026 1.140 2.443
9 0.67 0.43 0.37 0.37 0.59 8.311 2.443 1.520 1.520 5.968
10 0.65 0.42 0.38 0.37 0.53 7.689 2.274 1.659 1.520 4.465
11 0.57 0.46 0.34 0.36 0.55 5.443 2.986 1.140 1.387 4.942
12 0.50 0.47 0.36 0.36 0.50 3.795 3.179 1.387 1.387 3.795
13 0.45 0.45 0.35 0.34 0.44 2.799 2.799 1.261 1.140 2.618
14 0.43 0.48 0.34 0.35 0.44 2.443 3.378 1.140 1.261 2.618
15 0.45 0.43 0.34 0.35 0.48 2.799 2.443 1.140 1.261 3.378
16 0.46 0.43 0.35 0.34 0.45 2.986 2.443 1.261 1.140 2.799
17 0.52 0.43 0.37 0.33 0.43 4.235 2.443 1.520 1.026 2.443
18 0.48 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.42 3.378 2.799 1.659 1.026 2.274
19 0.48 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.37 3.378 2.799 1.659 1.026 1.520
20 0.45 0.67 0.45 0.33 0.38 2.799 8.311 2.799 1.026 1.659
21 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.32 0.35 2.799 4.942 2.799 0.918 1.261
22 0.44 0.55 0.45 0.32 0.45 2.618 4.942 2.799 0.918 2.799
23 0.44 0.53 0.45 0.42 0.40 2.618 4.465 2.799 2.274 1.954
24 0.43 0.50 0.46 0.38 0.40 2.443 3.795 2.986 1.659 1.954
25 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.38 0.42 2.799 3.795 3.378 1.659 2.274
26 0.52 0.54 0.48 0.48 0.36 4.235 4.700 3.378 3.378 1.387
27 0.47 0.45 0.56 0.42 2.07 3.179 2.799 5.189 2.274 112.000
28 0.60 0.45 0.49 0.41 1.88 6.240 2.799 3.583 2.111 90.973
29 0.57 0.52 0.49 0.40 0.59 5.443 4.235 3.583 1.954 5.968
30 0.66 0.48 0.48 0.36 0.53 7.997 3.378 3.378 1.387 4.465
31 0.68 0.48 0.49 8.632 3.378 3.583
Average 4.557 3.681 2.151 1.612 9.549

1-13
1-2-1-5 Usable River Flow Rate for Power Generation

(1) Existing Gauging Station with Valid Data for the Project
In general, a hydropower generation project involving a run-of-river type power plant must be implemented
based on long-term river flow rate measurement data.3 The reality is that it is often difficult to obtain such
data at the feasibility study stage, making it necessary to estimate the river flow rate for a project based on
corresponding data provided by an existing gauging station if such a station with long-term observation data
exists near the project site.

In this case, however, the following condition must be met regarding the catchment area of the existing
gauging station (Aexi) and catchment area of the project site (Apro).
Aexi = 0.5 ~ 2.0 x Apro

For the Likud MHP project, the Hapao GS with a catchment area of 45 km2 is the only gauging station
which meets the above condition. Because of this, it is decided to estimate the river flow rate at the project
site using data recorded at the Hapao GS.

(2) Estimation of River Flow Rate at the Project Site Using Data Recorded by the Hapao GS
The river flow rate can be affected by a number of factors, including the climatic type, catchment area,
vegetation, topology, geology and rainfall, and it is not easy to quantify the impacts of vegetation, topology
and geology. Therefore, the common practice for the planning of a run-of-river type hydropower plant is to
estimate the river flow rate by comparing areas of an identical climatic type4 while taking their differences
in terms of the catchment area and rainfall into consideration.

1) Conversion Rate for Catchment Area

Given the respective sizes of the catchment area of the Hapao GS and the project site, the conversion rate
for area (CR-A) is calculated to be 0.978 as shown below.
 Catchment area of the Hapao GS : 45.0 km2
 Catchment area of the intake site of the Project : 44.0 km2

 CR-A : 44.0/45.0 = 0.978

3
Ideally, a minimum period covering the return period for a large-scale drought (approximately 10 years; see Fig.
5-3) is required.
4
Both the Hapao GS and the project site have a Type II climate.

1-14
2) Conversion Rate for Rainfall
There is no recent rainfall observation data for the project site or a nearby area. The only available data is an
isohyetal map covering a much wider area based on observation data in the 1980’s (see Fig. 1-12).

Fig. 1-13 is an isohyetal map of the area around the project site based on the above map, producing the
following annual rainfall for the Hapao GS and the project site.
 Annual precipitation at the Hapao GS : 3,671 mm
 Annual precipitation at the project site : 2,575 mm

The relationship between the level of rainfall (R) and the level of run-off (q) is also expressed by the
following equation.
q = R – loss
Here, loss means the amount of precipitation lost due to evaporation and infiltration into the ground and the
actual amount varies depending on the temperature, vegetation and geology of the catchment area. In
general, it is understood to be some 500 ~ 1,000 mm a year.

For the present Study, the annual precipitation loss is calculated as shown in Table 5-4 based on the
relationship between the annual total rainfall and the annual total runoff for the Hapao GS.

While the calculated annual precipitation loss of 452 mm is smaller than the generally accepted theoretical
figure, this calculated figure is adopted for the project site due to the following reasons.
 The observation period for rainfall is not identical to the observation period for runoff.
 As the rainfall data covers a huge area, it is not very accurate for its use as rainfall data for a small
area.

Based on the above, the annual effective rainfall (annual total rainfall – annual precipitation loss) is 3,219
mm for the Hapao GS and 2,123 mm for the project site as shown in Table 1-5 and the ratio between these
two figures (2,123  2,219 = 0.660) is used as the conversion rate for rainfall (CR-R).

3) Comprehensive Conversion Rate (CCR) from the Hapao GS to the Project Site
The comprehensive conversion rate (CCR) for data recorded at the Hapao GS to be applied to the project
site is 0.645 based on the above exercises.
CCR = (CR – a) x (CR – R) = 0.978 x 0.660 = 0.645

1-15
 Hapao gauging
Station

Project Site

Source: Hydro-Potential Study in Northern Luzon, JICA; Aug.1987

Fig.1-12 Isotheral Map in Northern Luzon

1-16
 Source: Hydro-Potential Study in Northern Luzon, JICA; Aug.1987
Fig.1-13 Isotheral Map at the Project Site

Table 1-4 Calculation of Annual Precipitation Loss at the Project Site

Items Unit Value Remarks
Annual Total Rainfall R mm/year 3,671
3
Annual Mean River Flow Qave m /s 5.744
3
Base Flow Qbase m /s 1.150 100％ Discharge
Annual Total Runoff ｑ mm/year 3,219
Annual Precipitation Loss mm/year 452 R-q
Note ：ｑ=3.6 x (Qave-Qbase) x 24 x 365/Cathment Area ＝ 700.8 x (Qave-Qbase)

Table 1-5 Conversion Rate on Rainfall

Items Unit Hapao GS Project Site Remarks
Annual Total Rainfall mm/year 3,671 2,575
Annual Precipitation Loss mm/year 452 452
Annual Effective Rainfall mm/year 3,129 2,123
Conversion Rate on Rainfall (CR-R) － 0.660 Hapao to Project Site

1-17
(3) Verification of the Suitability of the CCR

The flow duration at the Hapao GS is compared with that at the Likud GS for the period from March to
June, 2011 as shown in Fig. 1-14 as the corresponding data is available for both GSs. As shown in this
figure, in the low river flow range (approximately 5.0 m3/sec or lower), the discharge at the Likud GS is
similar to that at the Hapao GS. In contrast, in the high river flow range, the river flow at the Likud GS is
approximately half of that at the Hapao GS. This discrepancy presumably occurs due to the wider
distribution of limestone around the Likud GS.5

Comparison of River Flow

3
m /s
12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0
Y=0.506 X+2.231
Y : Likud (C.A.=44km2)

8.0

7.0

6.0
Y=1.0 X
5.0

4.0
y = -0.0283X2 + 1.0178X+ 0.2303
3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
3
X : Hapao (C.A=45km 2) m /s

Fig.1-14 Comparison of Flow Duration between Likud GS and Hapao GS

If the data in Fig. 1-14 is correct, the converted river flow using the CCR (in the present case: 0.645) is
under-estimated within the low river flow range as in the case of a run-of-river power generation system.

Nevertheless, the risk of over-estimating the power generation potential cannot be denied when the
conversion of the river flow is based on the relationship shown in Fig. 1-14. This argument is supported by
two facts:  the observation period of six years at the Hapao GS does not totally cover the return period for
a severe drought (8 ~ 11 years) shown in Fig. 1-4 and  the overlapping period of observation at the two
GS sites is as short as approximately four months.

5
In general, an area of limestone has a high level of groundwater flow. When a fountain point(s) is located in the
upstream of an observation point, the level of river flow in the dry season tends to be higher than other areas without
much limestone. Conversely, the level of river flow in the wet season tends to be lower than areas without much
limestone.

1-18
Accordingly, it is decided to use a CCR of 0.645 which offers a conservative power generation potential for
the river flow conversion from the Hapao GS data.

(4) Estimation of Flow Duration at the Project Site

Fig. 1-15 shows the estimation results for the flow duration at the project site based on the river flow
observation results at the Hapao GS from 2004 to 2009. For this estimation, the CCR referred to in (4)
above is used. Fig. 1-15 carries both the series method-based flow duration curve where the six year period
from 2004 to 2009 is considered to constitute a single period and the parallel method-based flow duration
curve where each year is considered to constitute an independent period. The former is employed for the
Project as it gives a more conservative power generation potential.

(5) Available Flow for Power Generation

For any hydropower generation project, it is impossible to use the entire river flow for power generation. In
the Philippines, the priority for river water usage is given to irrigation and domestic use (here, the river flow
required for such usage is generally called the “river maintenance flow”) over power generation. Because of
this, it is essential to deduct this river maintenance flow from the actual river flow in a hydropower
generation project.

According to the rule set by the NWRB (NWRB Board Res. No. 01-0901), 10% of the flow with an 85%
probability of exceedance must be discharged as the river maintenance flow.

For the Project, it has been decided to deduct a river flow of 0.136 m3/sec (10% of 1.36 m3/sec) in
compliance with this rule.

In addition, some of the existing irrigation water intake weirs will be strengthened and used in the Project,
however, parts of the irrigation channel system have lost their functions after being washed away in floods.
Since the local citizens voiced a strong desire for the rehabilitation of the irrigation equipment in the field
survey, the said work would have negligible impact on the Project, and the said rehabilitation work is
relatively simple, it has been decided to add this to the Project activity.

In addition to the irrigation facilities targeted for rehabilitation (supply area: 2.43 ha, A and B in Fig.
1-16), there are three irrigation facilities in the vicinity of the Project, and these are used to supply water on
both the left and right sides of the river (supply area: 4.96 ha, C~E in Fig. 1-16). The water supply to the
three irrigation districts in the downstream is 2.0 liter/s/hectare (National Irrigation Authority regulations) or
approximately 10 liters/s. This will be included in the above river maintenance flow (0.136m3/s) and will be

1-19
discharged via the discharge valve installed in the grit chamber. The water supply flow of the irrigation
facilities targeted for rehabilitation is estimated as 10 liters/second, however, since a reduced flow section
arises, this will need to be separately deducted without inclusion in the river maintenance flow.

Accordingly, the water flow that can be used for power generation has been set upon deducting 0.146m3/s
from the flow regime indicated in Fig. 1-15.

Intake

B
A

Headrace

D
Powerhouse

Fig.1-16 Irrigated Area around the Project Site

1-20
 Flow Duration Curve at Likud MHP Intake Site (C.A=44.0km2)

10.0

9.5

9.0 Percentage River Flow

8.5
(%) (m3/s)
1 20.67
8.0
5 9.05
7.5
10 6.69
7.0
20 4.94
6.5
30 4.05
6.0
Discharge (m /s)

40 3.36
3

5.5
Parallel Method 50 2.72
5.0

4.5
60 2.34

4.0 70 1.99

3.5 80 1.51
3.0 85 1.36
2.5 90 1.10
2.0 Series Method
95 0.75
1.5 100 0.39
1.0

0.5

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Percent of Time Flow Equaled or Exceeded (%)

Fig.1-15 Flow duration Curve of The Project Site

1-21
1-2-2 General view of Topography and Geology

The Philippines belongs to the geological mountain-forming zone called the circum -Pacific organic zone
same as Japan and has the complicated topographically, geologically because it is sandwiched in between
Pacific plate and Eurasian plate and continue getting compression by them. Fig.1-17 shows earth’s crust
of Luzon schematically which the project belongs. The Likud site is at the green colored point in the Figure
which is in central Coldirella mountain range.

Geologic quadrangles (scale 1:50,000) such as Cabatuan, Cordon and Aritao are generally issued
surrounding the project site, and the site is pointed in a green circle on Fig.1-18.

Fig.1-17 Tectonics of the Luzon and schematic profile of W-E direction

（ C.B.Dimalanta and G.P.Yumul,Jr., 2004 ）

(1) Natural environment surrounding the major structures of Likud scheme

The waterway route between intake and powerhouse is designed at a 1/500 gradient along the right bank
gentle mountain side of the Lamut River.

Lands along the waterway route is used for cropland except forests which is unsuitable for cultivation such
as barren land that steep and covered by boulders. Farmers in this region grow staple food crops, such as
sweet potatoes, corn and rice.

Wide-spread colluvial footslope behind Barangay Haliap is noticeable (Photo1-1). It covers the slope
between the table land and the north-western mountain ridge, and is expected those stones had been came
off from the ridge and accumulated on the slope. Since they are easily removable the villagers have been
collecting the rocks for selling. These stone pebbles are widely used for roadbed material because of its
physical characteristics for hardness (Photo 1-2).

1-22
 Fig.1-18 General Published Geologic
Quadrangles and the Position of the Project Site

Photo 1-1 Photo 1-2

Colluvial footslope behind Barangay Haliap widely used Limestone pebbles for roadbed
material because of its physical characteristics

1-23
As mentioned above colluvium and collapsed slopes are common, and Lamut River erodes at many places
in this project area natural environmental should be surveyed with referring these natural phenomenons.
Accordingly, topographical and geological wide range reconnaissance is necessary, and the results should
be applied to the project site. Furthermore, hydro-geological characteristics were examined observing river
and spring water to grasp the water quality. The characteristics of the measured water are shown in
Table1-6.

The pH value varies from 6.7 to 7.1, and are near-neutral. On the other hand, EC (Electrical Conductivity)
values of most mountain streams are extremely higher than Lamut River’s it. These values of mountain
streams mean there may contain some electrolytic substances. Even EC shows high value the water has
sufficient quality for concrete mixing and stabile for the constructed structures because the pH is almost
neutral.

Table 1-6 The Characteristics of the Water Surrounding Likud Scheme

plac e No. pH EC (mS/m) Temp (℃) date
left bank
Likud-1 6.9 39.6 23.1 20 Aug. '12
mountain stream
mountain stream
Likud-2 6.8 36.1 27.3
North of Village
mountain stream
Likud-3 6.7 58.0 23.7 21 Aug. '12
near peg 1+372
mountain stream
Likud-4 6.9 58.6 23.2
near peg 1+150
Likud river near
Likud-5 7.1 25.2 24.3 22 Aug. '12
the eroded cliff
srring water Likud-6 6.4 70.1 23.8
tap water of Banaue Hotel 7.0 9.0 20.8

(2) Geological view of surrounding the Likud scheme

In many cases, top of the mountain ridge of the project area are consist of limestone and the others are
alternation of sandstone and mudstone. The occurrences of their boundary are not detected in the schemed
area, but the boundary of limestone and older sedimentary rocks is confirmed at the right bank of Lamut
river at the halfway point between Lagawe and the Likud site. Limestone is in the upper strata with
conformity condition (refer Photo 1-3 and Photo 1-4) . The result was reflected to make the geologic map of
the project area.

1-24
Photo 1-3 Photo 1-4
A gorge which is north of the site –viewed from An outcrop which contributed to determine the
E to W. Geology of the cliff is limestone, which boundary condition of limestone and older
massive upper half and banded lower half. sedimentary rocks. They come in contact with
conformity condition.

The geology through the waterway of the Likud site is alternation of sandstone and mudstone except the
half way point of the route which consist of limestone (refer Fig.1-19). The limestone is mere a local rock
mass but is presumed oldest strata of this area since it is recognized beneath the sedimentary rocks. On the
other hand, the limestone on the mountain ridge is the youngest.

Likud Intake

Limestone

Colluvial
Limestone
debris Limestone
Alternation of
Sandstone
＆Shale
Limestone

Likud Power House

Fig 1-19 Bird’s Eye View of whole Likud Scheme Area and Illustration of Geology

Strike-line map of the sedimentary rocks such as mudstone and alternation of mudstone and sandstone is
illustrated on the Google Earth map in Fig.1-20. The arrows on the map shows dip directions which were
observed at the outcrop along the Lamut River side and hillside. The colors of the strike line of thick lines
on the figure are light blue; mudstone, and green; alternation of mudstone and sandstone. Dotted lines were
inferred strike-line based on the actual surveyed strikes. On the figure, solid lines are actually measured

1-25
strike direction of the bedding plane, and dashed faint lines are adjusted imaginary lines based on the
afore-said strikes. The figure indicates bedding planes along the waterway route incline to SW which strata
comes in on the right bank hillside, and an anticlinal axis plunging to S is surrounding the powerhouse. By
contrast, the strata in the upstream from the intake site incline to SE, and it turns to syncline plunging to S.

General geologic profile across the Likud river is shown on Fig.1-21.

Fig.1-20 Strike-line map of whole Likud Scheme Area looked down from SSE Direction

SW
NE

LS

LS
LS
LS

Fig.1-21 Schematic Geological Profile of Likud Scheme Area(SW-NE direction)

(3) Geotechnical assessment for the Likud Scheme

To apply to the design of the Likud scheme, we inspected the Ambangal mini-hydro power plant which was
completed and has been operating two years.
Waterway of the Ambangal site passes through hillside which is steeper than it of Likud site, and all
topographic and geologic contents such as debris, weathered and fissured rock masses are stable as shown

1-26
in Photo 1-5 and Photo 1-6. Wooden covers in some parts of the headrace are so effective to protect the
structure from damage of falling rocks.

Photo 1-5 Photo 1-6

Vertically excavated cutting slope on debris to Wooden cover which was set up by collapse from
construct the headrace jointed bedrock to keep the headrace structure

Attentive themes regarding the topography and geology for Likud scheme referring the above mentioned
reconnaissance results for Ambangal mini-hydro power plant are;
a. How to repair the existing irrigation weir for the intake

b. how to withstand the force of surface land sliding at around T.D.100m

c. how to protect the head race structure from water attack of flood at undercut slope of concave bank
d. possibility of the debris-slide recurrence occurred about 15 years ago

e. slope stability of the backyard slope of powerhouse

Countermeasures for each theme are as follows.

a. The existing weir was made filling up the empty space of huge boulders with concrete cementation.
However, bottom of the apron of the weir had scored and the huge boulders slid down. It is
necessary to consolidate the basis of apron and repair the damaged portions.
b. A minor land sliding with 1 m thickness at T.D.100m is in process which came from abandoned
paddy. It was caused by penetration of groundwater to the soft cultivation soil. An aqueduct bridge is
recommendable at the part to protect from the attack of landslide mass.
c. Lamut River turns sharp left at around T.D.500m, therefore, right bank has been eroded and sound
rock mass has been exposed by repeated flooding. The outcrop was smooth when the team visited
first in august of 2012(Photo 1-7), however, the team recognized there collapsed cliff in October
(Photo 1-8). The headrace structure should be designed more than 6m high at this place, because the
maximum water depth in flooding is about 6m according to the local peoples interview
d. According to the local people, a debris–slide was occurred at around T.D.800m several decades ago.
1-27
 Trees are grown in the debris body and they grow smooth with no curvatures in the trunk,
furthermore, one of the villager’s houses is standing through more than 50 years which is in the
upper part of the debris, therefore, it is assumed the sliding is over. The debris body contains huge
limestone boulders and most of the huge boulders with several meters diameter accumulate at its
utmost part of the body, accordingly, the upmost part play a role of natural dike against erosion of
flooding (Photo 1-9 and Photo 1-10).

According to the present design, the cutting slope behind the powerhouse might be more than 10m high.
When the slope is steep, spring water of the slope is required to release carefully since the slope may lose its
stability.

Photo 1-7 (natural condition；August)undercut Photo 1-8 (after collapsed；October)same part as

slope, where the Lamut river turns left around at left
TD.500m Collapse of the central portion was occurred
Central portion of the outcrop is jointed and caused by water penetration after heavy rain
loosen.

Photo 1-9 Photo 1-10

Front row of the debris-slide runs out to the right Accumulated huge boulders arranging in
bank of Likud River. front row of the debris-slide prevent from
erosion of Lamut river.

1-28
1-3 Environmental and Social Considerations

In the Preparatory Survey, investigation concerning environmental and social consideration was basically
implemented according to the JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (Oct. 2010).
Concerning the Project, however, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) including Heritage Impact
Assessment (HIA) was implemented on the case study of the JICA Study for promoting implementation of
environmental development project (Mini-hydropower scheme) (the FS Study), and there is confirmed to
be no significant impact. Since there is no major difference between the FS Study findings and the Project
contents, and the Project is classified as Category D (project with little environmental impact load) under
the Philippine Environmental Law (Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No.30-2003, DAO
03-30) described later, no additional IEE was implemented in this Preparatory Survey.

Moreover, the opinions of residents concerning land acquisition have been surveyed and confirmed within
the preparatory survey for this Project.

The following paragraphs outline the results of the IEE survey and important findings of this study.

1-3-1 Scoping
Table 1-7 summarizes the environmental and social items that need to be considered when implementing
the Project in light of the results of IEE and EIA in a similar project nearby (the e8 project at Ambangal 200
kW mini hydropower plant).

Table 1-7 Scoping

Evaluation

Environmental Item Before Reason for Evaluation

works/
Operation
During
construction
Environmental pollution

・Operation of construction machinery during the construction period

will lead to deterioration of air quality due to exhaust gases and
particulates. The scope of impact will be limited to the works area.
Air pollution B- D ・ When operation starts, since traffic will be less than during
construction and only one or two vehicles or motorbikes will be used
by plant staff each day, the impact will be limited.
・Operation of the mini hydropower plant will not emit particulates.

1-29
 ・Discharge of miscellaneous wastewater from the works office
during construction will cause some change in river BOD. Moreover,
Water discharge of works wastewater together with rain water during the
B- D
pollution works period will cause temporary turbidity of the river.
・There will be no discharge of wastewater in line with operation of
the power plant.
・During construction, it is forecast that construction waste materials,
residual soil and general wastes will be generated.
Solid wastes B- D
・After the plant goes into operation, there will be no generation of
wastes that have a serious impact on the surrounding environment.
・During construction, it is forecast that construction waste materials
and noise and vibration from vehicles will be generated. The impact
Noise and
B- D will be limited to the works area.
vibration
・After the plant goes into operation, there will be no impact from
noise and vibration.
・At the peak time during construction, since up to 200 workers will
enter and leave the works site, it is forecast that accidents will occur.
Traffic
・Since jeepneys and tricycles use the road to the construction site in
accidents, B- B-
places, there will be a risk of traffic accidents.
etc.
・After the plant goes into operation, since the traffic volume will
decrease, it is forecast that the risk of traffic accidents will also fall.
There will be no handling of the kind of substances that can cause
Soil pollution D D
soil pollution.
Ground
D D There will be no use of groundwater.
subsidence

Odor D D There will be no kind of work that causes bad odor.

Bottom There will be no discharge of wastewater to or landfilling of natural

D D
sediment lakes and marshes.
Topography There are no important topographical or geological features around
D D
and geology the project site.
Protected There are no designated environmental protection sites around the
D D
districts project site.
There will be no work that causes alteration of the water flow or
River flow D D
riverbed.
Natural environment

･ There will be no impact by the works activities on valuable

habitats and endangered species or ecosystems during the
construction.
･ Discharge of the river maintenance flow will not exert a negative
Ecosystems D D impact on aquatic life forms in the river.
･ Vegetation will recover quickly in the project area. In the case of
Ambangal power plant, which has almost the same works
alteration area as this project, vegetation in the altered area
recovered in around three to six months.
Since the installed facilities will not be visible from major viewpoints,
environment

Landscape D D
there will be no impact on the landscape.
Social

・The Project will not cause any relocation of residents.

Relocation of
B- D ・Acquisition of land for installation of the power plant equipment will
residents
have an impact.

1-30
 ・During construction, local residents will receive priority in gaining
employment and thus obtaining cash income in the works.
Economic ・During construction, since up to 200 workers will gather, business
B+ B+
activities opportunities for local shops and stalls will be boosted.
・After the plant goes into operation, local residents will have the
opportunity to be recruited as operating staff.
・A total of 1.2 hectares will be purchased from landowners as site
for the hydropower plant, however, the scope of impact on
landowners will be relatively small, similar to that in the case of the
Land use B- D
existing irrigation channel.
・The impact on landowners will not be so great that they can no
longer make a living.
The river is used for other purposes (fishing, irrigation water, etc.),
Water use B D however, since these can be sustained through discharging the
maintenance flow, the project will essentially exert no impact.
The Ifugao race do not fall under the WB defined conditions for
indigenous peoples (except for there being an indigenous language,
no other conditions apply).
Since the project aims to conserve the rice terraces, which are
representative of the culture of the Ifugao race, it will conversely
have a positive impact rather than negative for the local people.
However, in the Philippines, since the Ifugao people are defined as
an indigenous race, it will be necessary to build consensus
according to domestic law (see 1-3-7 for details).
Moreover, concerning poverty people, since the project aims to
conserve rice cultivation (rice terraces), which is the main industry
Poverty for Ifugao Province where there are a lot of poverty people (out of 82
th
people, provinces in the Philippines, Ifugao ranks 16 in terms of poverty as
B- D
indigenous of 2005), it will have a positive impact on poverty people when
peoples operation starts.
Almost all the residents inside the project area (22 out of 23 people
affected) are above the designated poverty line in the Philippines
(per capita income of 16,975 pesos per year) (2009) (see Table
2-28). One resident, who is physically disabled, has annual income
of only 5,000 pesos, however, since he is supported by nearby
family and friends and only 2.4% of his land is affected by the
project, the project will have no impact on impoverished people.
The scope of land acquisition for the mini hydropower equipment is
small and can be compensated (concerning compensation, see the
concrete measures for compensation and assistance in section
1-3-6-4 to 1-3-6-8).
Monuments
and cultural D D There are no cultural monuments around the project area.
assets
Possible risks include natural disaster, landslide, rock fall and
Disaster (risk) B- B-
accidents, etc.
Judgment categories
A+/-: Serious impacts are forecast
Ｂ+/-: Some impacts are forecast
Ｃ+/-: Unknown (examination is required, and conditions will be revealed as survey progresses)
Ｄ: Hardly any negative impacts can be considered.

1-31
1-3-2 Impacts on Natural Environment

The Project site and surrounding area are not designated as a national park or protected area. Five sites of
Ifugao Rice Terraces were designated as UNESCO’s World Heritage sites, but the Project site is out of
those heritage sites. Moreover, since a forestation, farmland and vegetation is not advanced, the need to
conserve land animals is extremely limited. Concerning forests, it will be necessary to grasp the types and
quantities of vegetation and provide compensation to owners in affected areas before land acquisition starts.
Cutting of trees will be kept to a minimum.

Although primary negative impacts such as soil erosion, water pollution and noise and so on will arise
before and during construction, these impacts can be kept to a minimum through mitigation measures
implementing environmental protection and safety measures. Also, judging from the size of the
hydropower plant, it will be possible for vegetation losses to be recovered in a short time.

1-3-3 Impacts on Social Environment

Project implementation will not entail any resettlement of residents. There is no gap between JICA
Guideline and the Philippines’ Local Government Code on way of thinking for compensation.
Concerning the land acquisition for installation of hydropower facilities, it will be necessary for Ifugao
Provincial Government to provide compensation in accordance with the Local Government Code to
landowners that are directly affected. Also, since irrigation water is directly taken from Lamut River, it will
be necessary to give priority to water diversion for agricultural use ahead of water for hydropower
generation.
Implementation of the Project can be expected to have the following kinds of positive effects: ①
infrastructure will be constructed in the local area, ② employment opportunities for local people will
increase during and after construction, and ③ activities for preservation of the rice terraces will be
expanded as a result of expansion of the Rice Terraces Conservation Fund due to revenue from sale of
power.

1-3-4 Environmental Management Plan

Judging from the scale of development (820 kW) and area of land (approximately 1.2 hectares) subject to
alteration in the project, the scope of impact is extremely limited and the degree of impact is minor.
However, in order to mitigate negative impacts, the Department of Energy and Provincial Government of
Ifugao (the implementing agencies) will conduct monitoring.
Table 1-8 shows the environmental management plan

1-32
 Table 1-8 Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Impact Conservation Implementation Budget Implementation

Item Measures Period Agency

Water quality Water pollution Discharge turbid During This is included in DOE and
conservation water via the grit construction the project cost. contractors
chamber to ensure and at the time
that it doesn’t of operation
directly flow into the
river.
Ecosystem Environmental Generate a At the time of Not needed PGI
change in the maintenance flow operation
3
aquatic biota in of 0.136m /s.
the reduced
water section
(1.8 km)

1-3-4-1 Monitoring Plan

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines of the Philippines (DAO03-30), auxiliary
conditions such as the implementation of monitoring, etc. are rarely required when issuing a certificate of
non-coverage, however, the existing IEE report proposes that self-monitoring should be implemented, and
the DOE and PGI have consented to implementing monitoring based on this suggestion (see Annex 6 Other
relevant data (2) for the letter of consent).

During construction:
A water quality monitoring report will be submitted from the Department of Energy (the responsible
agency for implementation) to the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
(DENR-EMB) regional office once every quarter.
After start of operation:
The Provincial Government of Ifugao (the operating agency) will autonomously implement

monitoring. In the first year, it is required to give a monitoring report on water quality and aquatic biota
once every quarter, while reporting from the second year onwards will be in accordance with
instructions from the DENR-EMB.

Table 1-9 shows the Monitoring Plan and the monitoring forms of water quality and the aquatic biota are
in from Table 1-10 to Table 1-12.

1-33
 Table 1-9 Monitoring Plan
Key Sampling & Measurement Plan EQPL Management Scheme
Environment Potential Management
Parameter to be Lead Estimated EQPL Range
al Aspects Impacts Per Measure
Monitored Method Frequency Location Person Cost (PhP)
per Project Envt’l Sector
Action Limit Action Limit
Phase
Construction Phase
Water Water Pollution TSS, pH AS/NZS Quarterly Four water Environment 50,000/ DAO
5667.1 stations in al Officer of sampling 1990-34
Lamut DOE
River & Contractor
Operation Phase
Water Water Pollution TSS, BOD, AS/NZS Quarterly for Four water Environment 50,000/ DAO
5667.1 the first year; stations in al Officer of sampling 1990-34
will be adjusted Lamut PGI
as necessary River
Aquatic Biota Loss of habitat Freshwater fishes Scientifically Quarterly for Environment 100,000/
and aquatic biota. accepted the first year; al Officer of sampling
methodologie will be adjusted PGI
s; photo as necessary
transect and especially if
visual census there’s no
perceived
impacts after a
year

1-34
1-3-4-2 Monitoring Form
1) Water Quality (During construction)

Table 1-10 Water quality (During construction)

Remarks
Measured Value Measured Value Country’s
Item (Unit) Measurement Point,
(Mean) (Max.) Standards
Frequency

Class C
pH
6.5-8.5
Not more than
TSS(mg/l)
30mg/l increase

2) Water Quality (During operation)

Table 1-11 Water quality (During operation)

Remarks
Measured Value Measured Value Country’s
Item (Unit) Measurement Point,
(Mean) (Max.) Standards
Frequency

Not more than

TSS(mg/l)
30mg/l increase

BOD(mg/l) 7

3) Monitoring of Aquatic biota (Freshwater fish) (During operation)

Table 1-12 Monitoring of Aquatic biota (Freshwater fish) (During operation)

Status
Item
Method Date of survey Result of survey

Aquatic Biota

(Freshwater fishes

1-3-5 Stakeholder Meeting

At the time of the Project survey, the Provincial Government of Ifugao (the future development
implementing agency) took the initiative in disclosing information on the objectives and contents of the
Project and the survey implementation methods, and it is implementing ongoing consultation with Project
officials and residents in the Project target area. The table 1-13 shows the member of stakeholder and the
community consultation. Table 1-14 and 1-15 show the stakeholder meetings and the community
consultations held in 2011 and 2013.

1-35
The discussions focused on the Project objectives, Project benefits, Project plan, schedule and progress of
the Survey, and Table 1-16 shows the major questions asked by the stakeholders and local citizens. The
minutes of meetings refer to appendix 6 (3) and (4).

The Provincial Government of Ifugao already owns and operates Ambangal mini hydropower plant (200
kW) in Kiangan District situated next to the Project area. In the Survey, officials and residents who will be
impacted by Likud mini hydropower plant conducted observation of the existing Ambangal mini
hydropower plant. In doing so, the local residents were able to understand the mini hydropower
development relatively easily.

Thanks to these activities, the local residents have no opposition to the Project development but rather
welcome the idea.

Table 1-13 The Member of Stakeholder and the Community

Member The concerned agency
Responsible
Department of Energy (DOE）
Organization
Governor
Provincial Council Member
Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO)
Provincial Assessor Office (PAssO)
The concerned agency Ifugao Cultural Heritage Office (ICHO)
at Provincial level Provincial Legal Office (PLO)
Provincial Agriculture and Environmental Office (PAENRO)
Provincial Engineering Office (PEO)
Provincial Accounting Office (PACCO)
Provincial Treasury Office (PTO)
Mayor
The concerned agency Municipal Council Member
at Municipal level Municipal Planning Development Office (MPDO)
Municipal Assessors Office (MAssO)
Barangay Captain
The concerned people Baranagy Council Member
at Barangay level Irrigation Association
Affected landowners by the Project
Ifugao Electric Cooperative （IFELCO）
Others
NGO（Save the Ifugao Terraces Movement :SITMO）

1-36
 Table 1-14 The Stakeholder Meetings and the Community Consultations in 2011
Public/
Stakeholder Date Place Participants Topic of discussion
Consultation
1st SP Feb. 21, SP conference  Vice Gov.  Purpose of the project
meeting 2011 room  SP members  Survey area
 JICA  Schedule of survey and methodology
 TEPSCO
1st SB Feb. 21, SB conference  Vice Mayor  Purpose of the project
meeting 2011 room  SB members  Survey area
 JICA  Schedule of survey and methodology
 TEPSCO
1st community Feb. 22, Barangay Hall,  Brgy. Council of  Purpose of the project
consultation 2011 Barangay Haliap  Survey area
Haliap, Asipulo  Brgy. Council of  Schedule of survey and methodology
Panubtuban
 PPDO
 TEPSCO
 AECOM
Plant visit to Feb. 28, Ambangal  Brgy. Council of  Tour of inspection the Ambangal
the Ambangal 2011 power plant, Haliap mini-hydropower plant
mini-hydropo Kiangan  Brgy. Council of  Operation and Maintenance work
wer plant Panubtuban
 Ambangal
operators
 PPDO
 TEPSCO
2nd Apr. 27, PPDO office  PPDO  General layout of the Likud power plant
Stakeholder 2011  IFELCO
meeting  DOE
 TEPSCO
2nd Apr.28, Barangay Hall,  Brgy. Council of  The location of the Likud power plant
community 2011 Barangay Haliap  Major components of the Likud power
consultation Haliap, Asipulo  Brgy. Council of plant
Panubtuban  Comparative study or the waterway routes
 PPDO
 TEPSCO
 Haliap Farmers
Key Jun. 23, Barangay Hall,  Kgd Rosemarie  Opinions and requests for the Likud
Informant 2011 Barangay Doque project by the affected people
Interview Haliap, Asipulo
Key Jun. 23, Barangay Hall,  Kgd Basilio  Opinions and requests for the Likud
Informant 2011 Barangay Fedelito project by the affected people
Interview Haliap, Asipulo  Basilio Bayawna  The benefit of the project
 Christina Ngabit
 Nancy Addab
Key Jun. 23, Barangay Hall,  Brgy Captain  Opinions and requests for the Likud
Informant 2011 Barangay  Kgd Josie project by the affected people
Interview Panubtuban,  Brgy Treasurer  The benefit of the project
Asipulo  Brgy Secretary  Water User of Lamut River
 Brgy staff
Key Jun. 23, Barangay  Landowners  Opinions and requests for the Likud
Informant 2011 Haliap, Asipulo project by the affected people
Interview  The benefit of the project
3rd SP Jun.30, Prvl. Livelihood  SP members  Progress of the survey
meeting 2011 Center, Lamut  PPDO  Basic design of the Likud power plant
 DBP  Guidance on EDP scheme under DBP

1-37
  DOE
 TEPSCO
3rd Jun. 30, GAZEBO,  PPDO  Progress of the study
stakeholder 2011 Lagawe  PACCO  Basic design of the Likud power plant
meeting  PTO
 PGO
 PPDO
 DOE
 TEPSCO
3rd July 1, Barangay Hall,  Brgy. Captain of  Progress of the study
community 2011 Barangay Haliap  Basic design of the Likud power plant
consultation Haliap, Asipulo  Brgy. Council of  Size and location of major component of
Haliap the power plant
 PPDO  Confirm with affected landowners of the
 TEPSCO affected area
4th SP Aug. 8, SP conference  SP members  Report of the final design of the Likud
meeting 2011 room  PPDO power plant
 JICA
 TEPSCO
4th SB Aug. 8, SB conference  SB members  Report of the final design of the Likud
meeting 2011 room  PPDO power plant
 JCIA
 TEPSCO
4th Aug. 9, Barangay Hall,  Brgy. Captain of  Report of the final design of the Likud
community 2011 Barangay Haliap power plant
consultation Haliap, Asipulo  Brgy. Council of
Haliap
 PPDO
 TEPSCO

Table 1-15 The Stakeholder Meetings and the Community Consultations in 2012
Public/
Stakeholder Date Place Participants Topic of discussion
Consultation
1st Aug. 7, GAZEBO  Gov.  Explanation of re-survey for the Likud
Stakeholder 2012  PPDO project, and JICA Grant Aid scheme
meeting  ICHO  Schedule
 PACCO  Explanation of the cost burden on the
 PEO Philippines side for the project
 Mayor
 MPDO
 Brgy. CAP
 IFELCO
 DOE
 NIA-CO
 JICA
 TEPSCO
1st community Aug. Barangay Hall,  Brgy. Council of  Explanation of re-survey for the Likud
consultation 8.2012 Barangay Haliap project, and JICA Grant Aid scheme
Haliap, Asipulo  MPDO  Schedule
 PPDO  Explanation of the cost burden on the
 Affected Philippines side for the project
landowners  Request of cooperation by study team
 JICA for the survey
 TEPSCO
1st SP Aug. SP conference  Vice GOV.  協力 Explanation of re-survey for the Likud

1-38
meeting 28, room  SP members project, and JICA Grant Aid scheme
2012  PPDO  Schedule
 DOE  Explanation of the cost burden on the
 JICA Philippines side for the project
 TEPSCO  Request of cooperation by study team
for the survey のよる実施について
2nd Oct. GAZEBO  PPDO  The result of the 1st mission survey
stakeholder 8th,2012  PEO  Confirm the status of tasks on the
meeting  PGO Philippine side
 IFELCO  Schedule and the contents of the 2ne
 Mayor mission survey
 MPDO  Review of Energy Sale Agreement
 MAssO
 Brgy. Haliap
representative
3rd Dec. GAZEBO  PPDO  Report of the final design of the Likud
stakeholder 11th,  PEO power plant
meeting 2012  PGO  Confirm the status of tasks on the
 IFELCO Philippines side since the last confirmation
 Mayor  Overall schedule of the Project
 MPDO  Procedure and schedule of the land
 Brgy. Haliap acquisition for the Project
representative
3rd Dec. Barangay Hall,  Affected  Report of the final design of the Likud
community 13th, Barangay landowners power plant
consultation 2012 Haliap, Asipulo  Brgy. Council of  Confirm the status of tasks on the
Haliap Philippines side since the last confirmation
 Vice Mayor  Overall schedule of the Project
 MAssO  Procedure and schedule of the land
 MPDO acquisition for the Project
 MAO
 PPDO
 PAENRO
 PAssO
 PLO
 IFELCO
 DOE
 Study team

Table 1-16 Questions and Answers of Stakeholders Meetings

Points of Interest Response of the Counterparts and Survey

Team

Provincial 1. For the provincial government, owning

governor, a second mini hydropower plant will
provincial council lead to expansion of the RTCF and
member, Mayor, comply with the provincial development
Municipal Council goals.
members 2. The operation and maintenance setup 2. Operators and water guards will be
will basically be the same as the one at sought from within the province (giving
Ambangal, however, since it will be priority to the host village) and will be
necessary to permanently assign staff given training and practical training
with electrical machinery qualifications, during the construction period, and

1-39
 the outsourcing of management will be plant personnel will be selected upon
considered. conducting final tests. When
conducting the practical training, the
participation of employees from the
Department of Energy and local
Electric Cooperative will also be
welcomed.
3. The power sale unit price for Ambangal 3. It will be necessary for the Department
mini hydropower plant is lower than of Energy to take part in discussions
expected, so contributions to the RTCF between the Provincial Government of
are not going as scheduled. It will be Ifugao and Energy Regulatory
necessary to carefully set the sale price Committee to ensure that the power
of power from Likud mini hydropower sale unit price for Ambangal mini
plant. hydropower plant doesn’t impact the
price for Likud.
Ifugao Electric 4. Will the off-taker of power from Likud 4. The FIT unit price was approved in
Cooperative sign a bilateral agreement or a FIT July 2012, however, the FIT still hasn’t
agreement? started and the situation remains
opaque. Moreover, since adopting the
FIT rate will led to higher power tariffs
for end consumers, a bilateral
agreement will be considered.
5. The PGI and DOE both agree to the
5. Considering the current purchase price above proposal.
of power (4.2 peso/kWh + transmission
cost 1.0 peso/kWh), the power sale
price in the case where a bilateral
agreement is signed will be 4.35
peso/kWh. 6. The Japanese side will conduct
6. Can the operation and maintenance of training on power plant maintenance
Likud mini hydropower plant be during the construction period, and
consigned to the power distribution staff from the power distribution
company? company will be welcome to
participate in this. The actual
maintenance will be based on
negotiations between the provincial
government and electric cooperative.
Irrigation 7. Will the Project impact the rice paddies 7. The Philippine River Law requires that
association located in the downstream of Lamut priority be given to water supply for
River? drinking and irrigation purposes rather
than for hydropower generation, so
adjustment will be conducted at the
intake point to ensure that the
necessary flow for irrigation of
downstream areas is secured.
Operation of the power plant will be
suspended during the dry season.

1-40
 Residents 8. Will compensation be provided for land 8. Compensation will be provided
impacted by the impacted by the Project? according to the local government law
Project and discussions with the affected
residents (see Section 1-3-6-4
Compensation Assistance for the
specific contents of compensation).
9. Priority will be given to residents of the
9. Can residents take part in construction? host village when recruiting workers.
10. Apart from the Project, the local
10. If residents cooperate with the Project, government has office vacancies in
can family members be employed as accordance with its employment
government official? criteria, and residents will be able to
apply for such positions.
11. Since the tariff dropped by 40
11. Will electricity tariffs go down? centavos following construction of
Ambangal mini hydropower plant, the
tariff is likely to similarly fall if Likud is
constructed.
12. Because Likud mini hydropower plant
12. Can residents directly obtain electricity will be directly connected to the local
for household use from the Project? electric cooperative, electricity will be
indirectly supplied to local households.

1-3-6 Acquisition of Land

As a result of Project implementation, it will be necessary to acquire land for the hydropower facilities
(power plant, headrace, head tank and penstock), and roughly 1.23 hectares of land will be transformed.
Since this land is owned by both the national government (0.05ha) and individual persons (1.18ha), Ifugao
Provincial Government (the developing entity) will need to acquire land and provide compensation based
on Local Government Code concerning the land owned by individuals. There is no gap between JICA
Guideline and the Philippines’ Local Government Code on way of thinking for compensation.

1-3-6-1 Legal Framework for Land Acquisition

As the ultimate operator of the Project, Ifugao Provincial Government is responsible for acquiring land, and
it will provide compensation according to the Local Government Code (RA7160). Table 1-17 shows the
outline of compensation.

1-41
 Table 1-17 LGU Code for Land Acquisition
LGU Code Contents
Section 19 A local government unit may, through its chief executive and acting pursuant
Eminent Domain to an ordinance, exercise the power of eminent domain for public use, or
purpose or welfare for the benefit to of the poor and landless upon payment
of just compensation.
The local government unit may immediately take possession of the property
upon making a deposit with the proper court of at least fifteen percent (15%)
of the fair market value of the amount to be paid for the expropriated property
shall be determined by the proper court, based on the fair market value at
the time of the taking of the property.
Section 219 The provincial, city or municipal assessor shall undertake a general revision
General Revision of Assessment of real property assessment within two years after the effectivity of this Code
and Property Classification and every three years thereafter
Section 212 The LGC provides that before any general revision of property assessment
Preparation of Schedule of Fair is made, there shall be prepared a schedule of fair market values for
Market Values enactment through ordinance by the Sanggunian concerned.

Section 218 The LGC provides that the assessment levels to be apply to the fair market
Assessment Levels value of real property to determine its assessed value shall be through
ordinance by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan.

The gap between JICA guidelines and laws of the Philippines on compensation is shown in Table 1-18.
However, since there is no involuntarly ressettlment by the Project, the items related to invluntary
resettlement are no responded.

Table1-18 Gap between JICA Guidelines and Laws of the Philippines on Compensation
Gap between
JICA
No. JICA Guidelines Laws of the Philippines Guidelines and Project Policy
Laws of the
Philippines
1. Involuntary resettlement and loss EO 1035 (1985) Procedures No gap Land acquisition for
of means of livelihood are to be and guidelines for the the project has to
avoided when feasible by expeditious acquisition by the be minimized.
exploring all viable alternatives. government of private real The damage and
properties or rights for inconvenience has
infrastructure and other to be minimized.
government development
projects
RA8371･IPRA (1997)
Recognize, protect and
promote the rights of
indigenous cultural
communities
RA7160(1991) Local
government Code
2. When population displacement is Ditto No gap Impact by the
unavoidable, effective measures project shall be
to minimize impact and to minimized and
compensate for losses should be compensate on the
taken. loss of land based
on the result of

1-42
 Gap between
JICA
No. JICA Guidelines Laws of the Philippines Guidelines and Project Policy
Laws of the
Philippines
consultation with
the affected land
owners and the
MOA between the
PGI and the
affected owners.
3. People who must be resettled Ditto No gap In accordance with
involuntarily and people whose the LGU Code, the
means of livelihood will be compensation shall
hindered or lost must be be taken.
sufficiently compensated and
supported, so that they can
improve or at least restore their
standard of living, income
opportunities and production
levels to pre-project levels.
4. Compensation must be based on RA7160(1191) Local Not always full Basically
the full replacement cost as much government Code, and replacement compensate by
as possible. Provincial Ordinance No. cost replacement cost.
2009-015Sec. 219 and 212 Pls. refer the
compensation price
of each item, table
1-3-6-4
5. Compensation and other kinds of N/A Not stated on Compensation on
assistance must be provided prior the timing of the affected land
to displacement. compensation must be paid
before construction
starts.
Conduct inventory
study on the
possible affect
trees and
agricultural
products, and will
compensate on the
actual damage
after construction
finish.
6. For projects that entail large-scale EO 1035 (1985) Procedures No gap No involuntary
involuntary resettlement, and guidelines for the resettlement on the
resettlement action plans must be expeditious acquisition by the project
prepared and made available to government of private real
the public. properties or rights for
infrastructure and other
government development
projects

RA8974(2000) Facilitate the

acquisition of right of way, site
or location for national
government infrastructure
projects and for other purposes
7. In preparing a resettlement action DAO03-30 Procedural Manual No gap There is no
plan, consultations must be held of EIA, Social Acceptability involuntary
with the affected people and their RA8371/IPRA (1997) resettlement by the
communities based on sufficient Recognize, protect and Project.
information made available to promote the rights of However, the
them in advance. indigenous cultural community
communities consultations were
implemented for
information
disclosure, and

1-43
 Gap between
JICA
No. JICA Guidelines Laws of the Philippines Guidelines and Project Policy
Laws of the
Philippines
gain the consent of
the community for
the project.
NCIP as the third
party will implement
FPIC upon the
applying of the PGI,
and confirm the
social acceptability.
8. When consultations are held, Ditto No gap Information
explanations must be given in a disclosure was
form, manner, and language that translated in the
are understandable to the local language for
affected people. the community’s
understandable.
9. Appropriate participation of EO 1035 (1985) Procedures No gap There is no
affected people must be and guidelines for the involuntary
promoted in planning, expeditious acquisition by the resettlement and
implementation, and monitoring of government of private real big loss of means
resettlement action plans. properties or rights for of livelihood.
infrastructure and other However, the plan
government development and the schedule of
projects the land acquisition
RA8368･IPRA (1997) for the hydropower
Recognize, protect and facilities shall be
promote the rights of explained to the
indigenous cultural affected land
communities owners
RA7160(1991) Local
Government Code
DAO 03-30 EIA Procedural
Manual, Social Acceptability
10. Appropriate and accessible N/A Not stated on PPDO and PassO
grievance mechanisms must be grievance of the PGI will be in
established for the affected mechanism charge of claims
people and their communities. and/or grievance.
11. Affected people are to be EO 1035 (1985) Procedures No gap There is no
identified and recorded as early and guidelines for the involuntary
as possible in order to establish expeditious acquisition by the resettlement by the
their eligibility through an initial government of private real Project, but the
baseline survey (including properties or rights for baseline study on
population census that serves as infrastructure and other necessary land
an eligibility cut-off date, asset government development area, and the land
inventory, and socioeconomic projects acquisition for the
survey), preferably at the project DPWH DP 142 (1995) hydropower
identification stage, to prevent a Inclusion of preparation of facilities shall be
subsequent influx of encroachers parcellary plans and cost compensated by
of others who wish to take estimates for ROW acquisition the PGI.
advance of such benefits. (WB in detailed engineering of
OP4.12 Para.6) infrastructure projects
RA8368 (1997) Penalizing
squatting and other similar acts
RA7160(1991) Local
Government Code
12. Eligibility of benefits includes, the Ditto No gap Correspond in
PAPs who have formal legal accordance with
rights to land (including the Philippines’ law
customary and traditional land
rights recognized under law), the
PAPs who don't have formal legal
rights to land at the time of census
but have a claim to such land or

1-44
 Gap between
JICA
No. JICA Guidelines Laws of the Philippines Guidelines and Project Policy
Laws of the
Philippines
assets and the PAPs who have
no recognizable legal right to the
land they are occupying. (WB
OP4.12 Para.15)
13. Preference should be given to Ditto No gap Ditto
land-based resettlement
strategies for displaced persons
whose livelihoods are land-based.
(WB OP4.12 Para.11)
14. Provide support for the transition RA7279 A comprehensive and No gap Not applicable
period (between displacement continuing urban development withRA7279 due to
and livelihood restoration). (WB and housing program, establish not urban
OP4.12 Para.6) the mechanism for its development
implementation and for other project. However
purposes land compensation
RA8371･IPRA (1997) and the other
Recognize, protect and requirement by the
promote the rights of community shall be
indigenous cultural consulting with the
communities affected community
under the FPIC
process.
15. Particular attention must be paid EO 1035 (1985) Procedures No gap Correspond in
to the needs of the vulnerable and guidelines for the accordance with
groups among those displaced, expeditious acquisition by the the Philippines’ law
especially those below the government of private real
poverty line, landless, elderly, properties or rights for
women and children, ethnic infrastructure and other
minorities etc. (WB OP4.12 government development
Para.8) projects
16. For projects that entail land N/A There is no There is no
acquisition or involuntary law on involuntary
resettlement of fewer than 200 involuntary resettlement by the
people, abbreviated resettlement resettlement of project.
plan is to be prepared. (WB fewer than 200 Not Applicable.
OP4.12 Para.25) people.

1-3-6-2 Extent of Impact by the Project

There is no involuntary resettlement by the Project. The impacted area where the hydropower plant of
facilities will be installed is limited to Barangay Haliap. The numbers of affected land owners are 23
people, and the total affected land area is 1.23 hectare which is covered 0.25 percent of the total land area
(490 hectare) of Barangay Haliap.

1-3-6-3 Results of Hearing Opinions about Land Acquisition

Since the IEE survey of 2011 did not cover the impact of land acquisition or include investigation of
household budgets and livelihoods, these items were surveyed in the study here. The survey was conducted
from August 15 to August 26, 2012, and 22 land claimants were visited and surveyed based on a
questionnaire prepared in advance.

1-45
All the land claimants responded that they would not oppose offering land for the Project providing that the
resulting would be advantageous for them, and they also indicated that the impact of the Project on their
land would not be great. The minimum impact for the affected land owner is around 0.0096 hectare (the
affected area by the project is around 0.6 percent of the owner’s total land area), the maximum affected area
is around 0.17 hectare (18 percent of owner’s total land area), and the average affected area by each
landowner is around 0.05 hectare. Therefore it can be said the impact of land and livelihood by the project
is very minimum.

Table 1-19 summarized the results of interviews on land acquisition.

Table 1-19 Results of Interviews on Land Acquisition
1 Number of claimants affected by 23
the Project
2 Number of persons interviewed 22
3 Awareness of the Project All 22 persons understand the project
4 Acceptance of the Project 20 persons agree with the Project.
2 persons give conditional agreement (on condition that family
members or relatives are employed as provincial government
workers and so on)
5 Concerning provision of land All 22 persons agree to provide land. 18 of the 22 are willing to
provide land based on consultation of the price and purchase,
and 4 are willing to offer land free of charge on condition that
they can participate in restoration and construction of the
existing irrigation channel.
6 Land use by landowners Mixture of rice cultivation and upland farming: 6 persons
Upland fields: 9 persons
Rice cultivation: 2 persons
Forest, rice cultivation and upland fields: 1 person
Upland fields and fruit orchard: 2 persons
Rice cultivation and forest: 1 person
Rice cultivation and fruit orchard: 1 person
7 Number of participants in the Participation in the May 21 explanation meeting: 7 persons
land acquisition explanation Participation in the walk-through on October 10: 6 persons
meeting Affected persons who didn’t participate in explanations, but
know the affected area: 6 persons
8 Number of people in families Minimum 1 person, maximum 8 persons, average 4.7 persons
9 Number of years lived in 19 persons have lived in the same place since birth.
Barangay Haliap
10 Home ownership 19 persons own their own homes
11 Annual family salary Minimum: 5,000 pesos, median value: 30,900 pesos
Average: 74,641 pesos, maximum: 309,075 pesos
12 Occupations Agriculture and forestry, teachers, midwives, drivers, day labors,
barangay council members

1-46
 13 Electrification rate 16 households are electrified, and 6 are not (using kerosene
lamps).
14 With or without saving 4 respondents have saving with cooperative.
15 With or without borrowing 4 respondents have borrowing with cooperative and their
relatives.
16 Have you ever received any 1 respondents received by the load project (No land
compensation by any project in compensation, but the cutting trees were compensated.)
the past?
17 Will lifestyle change as a result of No change: 22 persons
receiving compensation?
18 Do you have any concern for the  Expect the implementation of project is push through, if no
Project? Or any expectation on project realize, we doubt the Japanese has a hidden
the Project?  Expect the completion of the project
 Will be able to utilize electricity
 Expect the rehabilitation of the existing irrigation canal
 The project constructs a high dam? ←the study team
explained the height of intake was 3.5 meter from the surface
of water.
19 Do you think the project will  Will be able to receive electricity
benefit to you?  Access road of surrounding project area will be improved
 Will be able to use again the existing irrigation canal by its
rehabilitation.

1-3-6-4 Compensation Measures

Compensation of land, cutting trees and damaged agricultural products shall be implemented in accordance
with Local Government Code and the Provincial Ordinance (No. 2009-015). Each compensation price is
indicated to landowners by the Provincial Assessors Office during the community consultations, and all
affected landowners accepted the said price. The compensation prices show in from Table 1-20 to Table
1-22.
Table 1-20 Compensation Rates according to Land Use
Unit price： peso/m2
Price 2012
Price after community
（RA7160）
Land Classification consultation
1st class 2nd class 3rd class Dec. , 2012

Irrigated 10.8 9.2 8.0 85

Rice Field
Un-irrigated 18.2 16.0 11.6 70
Vegetable Land 8.3 6.7 5.0 50
Banana Land 8.5 7.6 6.8 50
Citrus Land 13.7 11.4 9.1 50
Mango Land 12.6 5.9 2.5 50
Pineapple Land 21.0 14.0 10.0 50

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 Rambutan Land 19.6 15.6 11.7 50
Root Land 8.3 6.7 5.0 50
Corn Land 8.3 6.7 5.0 50
Cogonal Land 2.0 - - 50
Coffee Land 6.8 5.3 3.1 50
Coconut Land 6.5 5.1 3.7 50
Lansones Land 19.6 14.7 9.8 50
Tree Plantation 2.7 2.1 1.6 50
Fish Pond 25.0 20.0 15.0 50

Table 1-21 Compensation Rate of Existing Forest Trees

Unit price：peso/board foot
Name of tree Unit Price
Acacia, Alimit, Analtop, Daladalit, Dogwe, Gmelina, Halaha, Hamindang, Ipil-ipil,
5.0
Lablabong, Marakape, Marapias, Momma, Putukan, Talanak, Tuai, Tucu
Dalakan, Red Lawan 6.0
Coffee, Narra, Rattan 10.0
Avocado, Banana, Jackfruit, Mango, Orange 25.0

Table 1-22 Compensation Rate of Existing Fruit Bearing Trees

peso
Name of Fruit bearing trees Yield / Tree Unit Cost
Alavica Coffee 100 / tree
Robusta Coffee 100 / tree
Santol 150 pcs. Or 25 kgs/ tree per year 10 / tree
Betel Nut Half can / tree per year 600 / can
Avocado 150 pcs. Or 38 kgs/ tree per year 10 / kg
Lychee 7 kgs / tree per year 35 / kg
Banana 7 bunches / tree per season 24 / bunch
Cacao 20 pcs. / tree per year 50 / pc
Pomelo 80 pcs. / tree per season 4 / pc
Coconut - 300 / tree
Rantan 20 kgs. / vine 20 / kg
Papaya 20 fruits or 32 kgs. / tree 10 / kg
Rambutan 7 kgs. / tree 35 / kg
Chesa 50 pcs. Or 10 kgs. / tree 10 / kg
Gayunan 80 pcs. Or 16 kgs. / tree 12 / kg

1-3-6-5 Grievance Mechanism

Ifugao Provincial Government currently has no office for handling grievances, however, as the
implementing agency, the Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO) acts as the window agency
for dealing with complaints or troubles arising from the Project. Moreover, the PPDO acts in collaboration
with the following offices and village leaders:

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 1) Provincial Legal Office (PLO)
2) Provincial Assessor Office (PAssO)
3) Provincial Agricultural and Environment Office (PAENRO)

4) National Commission on Indigenous Peoples Office –Provincial Office (NICP Provincial)

5) Municipal Assessor Office (MAssO)
6) Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO)
7) Barangay council member in Haliap

1-3-6-6 Implementation Setup for Land Acquisition

The Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO), Provincial Assessor Office (PAssO) and
Provincial Agriculture Environment Natural Resources Office (PAENRO) conducted the first land
compensation confirmation (walk-through) with landowners on May 21, 2012. In an orientation meeting on
land acquisition, these agencies gave explanations on how they will purchase the necessary land for the
Project, presented land prices according to land uses (forest, rice cultivation, upland field, fruit orchard, etc.)
and explained the method for transferring land rights. In addition, with a view to providing compensation
for the cutting of coffee and fruit trees and timber producing trees that generate cash incomes, an inventory
survey of trees was conducted between May 31 and October 10 with participation from the landowners
concerned.

Payment of land compensation is conditional on the landowners paying fixed assets tax. In hearing surveys,
since it was found that six out of 22 landowners haven’t paid taxes nor conducted official land rights
transfer procedures, it was explained to each landowner that these steps will need to be taken first.

Since not all of the landowners have participated in these activities and explanations conducted by the
provincial government, the provincial government intends to continue implementing explanations and
walk-throughs and to deal with the situation before the Project is implemented.

Since the Assessor office (MAssO) in Asipulo municipality is in charge of the land division chart and is the
window agency for paying fixed assets tax, the provincial government will conduct the above measures in
cooperation with the municipal government.

1-3-6-7 Funding for Land Acquisition

The Provincial GOvernment of Ifugao has appropriated 1,000,000 pesos (approximately 2,000,000 yen) to
cover land compensation costs in the 20% development fund of its general budget for fiscal 2013. Table
shows the basis of land compensation.

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 Table 1-23 The Basis of Land Compensation
2
Total affected area (m ) 11,854
Compensation price (Peso) 85 The highest unit price is used for calculation, but not all the
affected area are cultivated rice field
Total Compensation (Peso) 1,000,000 11,854 × 85＝1,000,7590≒1,000,000

1-3-6-8 Implementation Schedule

The Provincial Government of Ifugao has staged consultation concerning Project implementation in
Barangay Haliap in Asipulo Municipality on a number of occasions. Concerning land acquisition, it held
consultations two times – the first time on May 21, 2012 and the second time on October 10. It intends to
further consult with all landowners with a view to concluding a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) based
on fundamental consensus by the end of December 2012. It plans to finish making actual payments
following the Cabinet decision on Project implementation and before the start of construction (October
2013).

The compensation will be monitored by the responsible agency of Department of Energy (DOE) and the
Legal Office (PLO) of the Provincial Government of Ifugao (PGI).

Table 1-24 Compensation Schedule

2012 2013 2014

2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt Qt

Explanation of land compensation

Negotiation of compensation price

Payment

Monitoring

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 Table 1-25 Monitoring Format of Land Compensation

Land Affectedl Land Status of

CLAIMANT Value (Peso) Remarks
Description Area (m 2) Payment
1 JOSE BIMMUCAL, et. al.
2 NIDO LUMAHO
3 LEON DONATO
4 BENITA DAMMIT
5 MOD-E PAD-E
6 BEN POH NAC
7 ERNESTO PALIJA
8 RAMON APOY
9 LAGGUY NAD-UG
10 CHRISTOPHER CATAMA
11 ROGELIO CATAMA
12 CALIXTO CATAMA
13 CARLOS CATAMA JR.
14 CONSTANCIO CATAMA
15 ALVIN CATAMA
16 JOSE BIMMUCAL, et. al.
17 JOSEPH OTAHA
18 ANTONIO TIMOTEO
19 BENITO BAGTO
20 JOSE BIMMUCAL, et. al.
21 ALEX PELLOG
22 JOSEPHINE OCAMPO
23 UNKNOWN (Penstock)
Total

1-3-7 Social Acceptability

(1) The impact for the Ifugao’s landscape, life and culture by the Project
In the environmental impact assessment report for Ambangal mini hydropower plant6, Mr. August Villalon,
who is a member of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), which is an
international non-government organization concerned with the protection of UNESCO cultural assets,
reports on the Project’s impact on the life and culture of the Ifugao people7.

“Ambangal hydropower plant is a small project in terms of the size of equipment, and although the power
plant structure has an impact on the rice terrace landscape, it doesn’t ruin the scenery and steps can be taken
to alleviate any negative impacts. The size of each plant equipment (headrace and head tank, etc.) is
harmonized with the surrounding landscape. This kind of development project for supporting basic human
lifestyles is necessary for the Ifugao people too and in no way threatens the traditions and culture of the
Ifugao.”

6 This project was implemented with support from e8 (a framework established by major power companies of the
G8 countries, with participation from Japanese power companies too).
7
Refer to Appendix 6 (5) Write-up of Mr. August Villalon, the impact for the Ifugao’s landscape, life and culture by
the Project

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Mr. Manuel Durawan, who lives locally and is a researcher of Ifugao culture, says, “Mini hydropower
generation entails sustainable development of a local resource, and development that contributes to the local
economy of areas such as Ifugao is welcome. The concept of the proposed project is a prime example of
developing local resources (mini hydropower development) and restoring the profits back to the community
(rice terrace conservation). Such development is well suited to the current lifestyle of Ifugao people while
sustaining the traditional culture and this may be described as a project that actively conserves the
traditional cultural heritage of the Ifugao.”

Also, Mr. Raymond Vinbino, who has been involved with the rights of indigenous peoples for many years
since the time of the Office of Muslim and Cultural Communities8, which was the predecessor of the
National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP), had the following to say in an interview: “This project
has involved and accepted numerous persons of Ifugao Province during the survey stage. I firmly believe
that the project will not impart major negative impacts on the lives and culture of the Ifugao people. Even if
there are some negative impacts in the development stage, these are far outweighed by the positive effects
of the project.”

(2) Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA: RA 8371)

The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA, RA8371) was enacted in 1997 against a backdrop of
increasingly conspicuous land and resources development problems, in particular mineral resource rights.
This law stipulates, “indigenous peoples, and their culture and society shall have priority when it comes to
the collection, extraction, development and utilization of natural resources on the traditional lands of
ancestors.”

Based on this law, the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NICP) was established under the
Office of the President. This agency compiles and implements policies, plans and programs for granting,
protecting and promoting the rights of indigenous peoples, and their culture and society, and it has 12
regional offices and 46 provincial offices throughout the country.

(3) Implmentation of Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC)

Out of the 152 ethnic groups mentioned above, since Ifugao Province is regarded as home to the Ifugao
Indigenious Community, the developer of Project must obtain Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) from
the local residents living within the impacted area of the Project based on the IPRA Law.
The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NICP) will implement the FPIC based on application

8
Established in 1984

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from the developer (Provincial Government of Ifugao in the case of the Project). Assuming there are no
problems in particular, the period from application to issuance of the Certificate of Pre-condition will be no
longer than 55 days according to law. It is necesary for the developer to acquire the certificate prior to the
start of the Project (start of construction). Therefore, it is important for the developer to implement ample
advance explanations to residents in order to secure their basic consent in the early stage of the Survey.

Ifugao Provincial Government has already instigated application to the NCIP provincial office for the FPIC
concerning the Project hydropwoer development. Next, a Field Based Investigation (FBI) team comprising
staff of the NCIP regional office or provincial office will visit the Project site to conduct hearings with the
local residents and Provincial Government of Ifugao and then implement public consultation three times. In
the fist public consultation, which will have participation from the NCIP study team and local residents, the
NCIP will give explanations about FPIC and the rights of indigenous peoples, etc. In the second public
consultation, which will have participation from the NCIP study team, local residents and developer,
explanations and a question and answer session will be conducted. The third public consultation will be an
opportunity for local residents to make a decision, and if consent for the Project is secured here, the
Memorandum of Agreement will be signed between the local residents and developer in the presence of the
NCIP. The NCIP will issue the Certificate of Pre-condition following signing of the Memorandum of
Agreement.

1-3-8 Environmental Checklist

Table 1-26 shows the environmental checklist under JICA guideline.

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 Table 1-26 Environmental Checklists
Category Environmental Yes: Y Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Item Main Check Items No: N (Reasons, Mitigation Measures)

1 Permits (1) EIA and (a) Have EIA reports been already prepared in official process? (a) N/A (a) Based on procedural manual for DAO2003-30 (EIS guideline),
and Environmental (b) Have EIA reports been approved by authorities of the host (b) N/A run-of-river type hydropower project is classified as Category-D which
Explanation Permits country's government? (c) N/A means non-coverage under Philippines Environmental Impact System
(c) Have EIA reports been unconditionally approved? If conditions (d) N (EIS). The Likud project is not required EIA/IEE.
are imposed on the approval of EIA reports, are the conditions (b) On-going process pending issuance the certificate of Non-Coverage
satisfied? (CNC).
(d) In addition to the above approvals, have other required (c) N/A
environmental permits been obtained from the appropriate (d) No.
regulatory authorities of the host country's government?
(2) (a) Have contents of the project and the potential impacts been (a) Y (a) The series of public consultations at Provincial & Municipal level: 3
Explanation to adequately explained to the Local stakeholders based on (b) Y times, Brangay/village level:3. During the FS stage, the stakeholders
the Local appropriate procedures, including information disclosure? Is meetings were conducted three times at each level. The stakeholders
Stakeholders understanding obtained from the Local stakeholders? fully understood the contents of the project, and they strongly support the
(b) Have the comment from the stakeholders (such as local project.
residents) been reflected to the project design? (b) Community's concern is priority given to water supply to rice field and
farm crops rather than power generating.
(3) (a) Have alternative plans of the project been examined with (a) Y (a) we examined alternative plans by assessing several schemes and
Examination social and environmental considerations? conducted socio-environmental studies to mitigate the impact to the
of Alternatives communities and environment.
2 Pollution (1) Water (a) Does the water quality of dam pond/reservoir comply with the (a) N/A (a) The scheme of hydropower development is run-of-river type so there
Control Quality country’s ambient water quality standards? Is there a possibility (b) N/A will be no stored or stagnant water to cause any biological impairment
that proliferation of phytoplankton and zooplankton will occur? (c) N/A (b) not applicable
(b) Does the quality of water discharged from the dam (d) N (c) not applicable
pond/reservoir comply with the country’s ambient water quality (e) N/A (d) The project will abide by the rule of National Water Resources Board
standards? (NWRB) that 10% of 85% probable discharge in the flow duration will be
(c) Are adequate measures, such as clearance of woody retained as river maintenance flow and also the water used by the power
vegetation from the inundation zone prior to flooding planned to plant will flow back to the river at the tailrace point without
prevent water quality degradation in the dam pond/reservoir? consuming/reducing the amount (of water) diverted at the intake.

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 (d) Is there a possibility that reduced the river flow downstream will (e) not applicable
cause water quality degradation resulting in areas that do not
comply with the country’s ambient water quality standards?
(e) Is the discharge of water from the lower portion of the dam
pond/reservoir (the water temperature of the lower portion is
generally lower than the water temperature of the upper portion)
planned by considering the impacts to downstream ar
(2) Wastes (a) Are earth and sand generated by excavation properly treated (a) Y (a) The excavated materials will be treated properly since these will be
and disposed of in accordance with the country’s regulations? used as construction materials, excess aggregates will be deposited in
properly identified areas with considerations to its effects on the
environment.
3 Natural (1) Protected (a) Is the project site located in protected areas designated by the (a) N (a) There is no protected area within the project site.
Environment Areas country’s laws or international treaties and conventions? Is there a
possibility that the project will affect the protected areas?
(2) Ecosystem (a) Does the project site encompass primeval forests, tropical rain (a) N (a) Private forest and farm land within the project site.
forests, ecologically valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs, (b) N (b) There is no valuable habitats and endangered species.
mangroves, or tidal flats)? (c) N (c) The project will abide by the rule of NWRB that 10% of 85% probable
(b) Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of (d) N discharge in the flow duration will be retained as river maintenance flow
endangered species designated by the country’s laws or and also the water used by the power plant will flow back to the river at the
international treaties and conventions? tailrace point without consuming/reducing the amount (of water) diverted at
(c) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the intake.
downstream aquatic organisms, animals, plants, and (d) There are no migratory fish species that could be affected.
ecosystems? Are adequate protection measures taken to reduce
the impacts on the ecosystem?
(d) Is there a possibility that installation of structures, such as
dams will block the movement of the migratory fish species (such
as salmon, trout and eel those move between rivers and sea for
spawning)? Are adequate measures taken to reduce the impacts
on these species?

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(3) Hydrology (a) Is there a possibility that hydrologic change due to the (a) N (a) There will be reduction in the flow between the weir intake and the
installation of structures, such as weirs will adversely affect the powerhouse but since there will be a 10% river retention flow, no adverse
surface and groundwater flows (especially in "run of the river effect is expected. The groundwater will not be adversely affected since no
generation" projects)? subsurface flow will be extracted from the ground.
The existing intake weir for irrigation canal will be reinforced, and will be
utilized also for power generation. There will be no hydrologic change.

(4) (a) Is there a possibility that reductions in sediment loads (a) N/A (a) The scheme of hydropower development is run-of-river type so there
Topography downstream due to settling of suspended particles in the reservoir (b) N will be no reduction along the river.
and Geology will cause impacts, such as scouring of the downstream riverbeds (b) Minor alteration along the headrace (width:2m, height:1.4m,
and soil erosion? Is there a possibility that sedimentation of the length:1.8km), settling basin (width:6.5m, length: 23m), head-tank
reservoir will cause loss of the storage capacity, water logging (width:6.2m, length:14m), and penstock (diameter: 85cm, length:150m) will
upstream, and formation of sediment deposits at the reservoir be built on a rice field and private forest land.
entrance? Are the possibilities of the impacts studied, and
adequate prevention measures taken?
(b) Is there a possibility that the project will cause a large-scale
alteration of the topographic features and geologic structures in
the surrounding areas (especially in run of the river generation
projects and geothermal power generation projects)?

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4. Social (1) (a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by project implementation? (a)N /A (a) No resettlement because there no residential within a project site.
Environment Resettlement If involuntary resettlement is caused, are efforts made to minimize (b) N/A (b) N/A
the impacts caused by the resettlement? (c)N /A (c) N/A
(b) Is adequate explanation on compensation and resettlement (d) N/A (d) N/A
assistance given to affected people prior to resettlement? (e) N/A (e) N/A
(c) Is the resettlement plan, including compensation with full (f) N/A (f) N/A
replacement costs, restoration of livelihoods and living standards (g) N/A (g) N/A
developed based on socioeconomic studies on resettlement? (h) N/A (h) N/A
(d) Are the compensations going to be paid prior to the (i) N/A (i) N/A
resettlement? (j) N/A (j) N/A
(e) Are the compensation policies prepared in document?
(f) Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to
vulnerable groups or people, including women, children, the
elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and
indigenous peoples?
(g) Are agreements with the affected people obtained prior to
resettlement?
(h) Is the organizational framework established to properly
implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured to
implement the plan?
(i) Are any plans developed to monitor the impacts of
resettlement?
(j) Is the grievance redress mechanism established?

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4. Social (2) Living and (a) Is there any possibility that the project will adversely affect the (a) N (a) No.
Environment Livelihood living conditions of inhabitants? Are adequate measures (b) N (b) The total affected area is around 1.5ha, and there are no residents
considered to reduce the impacts, if necessary? (c) N inside the project area.
(b) Is there any possibility that the project causes the change of (d) Y (c) There is no adversely impact by the project since the project site is
land uses in the neighboring areas to affect adversely livelihood of (e) Y located in rural area wherein there are only few vehicles passing by. Even
local people? (f) N during the construction, most of the works will be manually implemented,
(c) Is there any possibility that the project facilities adversely affect (g) N only a few trucks and heavy equipment will be used.
the traffic systems? (h) N (d) In accordance with Renewable Energy Safety, Health and Environment
(d) Is there any possibility that diseases, including infectious Rules and Regulations of 2012 (RESHERR), Health program, such as
diseases, such as HIV, will be brought due to the immigration of health examination, management and treatment of occupational injuries
workers associated with the project? Are adequate considerations and disease, immunization, health education and counseling etc. will be
given to public health, if necessary? implemented.
(e) Is the minimum flow required for maintaining downstream (e) The project will abide by the rule of NWRB that 10% of 85% probable
water uses secured? discharge in the flow duration will be retained as river maintenance flow.
(f) Is there any possibility that reductions in water flow (f) The project will abide by the rule above mentioned and also the water
downstream orseawater intrusion will have impacts on used by the power plant will flow back to the river at the tailrace point
downstream water and land uses? without consuming/reducing the amount (of water) diverted at the intake.
(g) Is there any possibility that water-borne or water-related During hottest season, if a river flow is very small, supply water for irrigation
diseases (e.g., schistosomiasis, malaria, filariasis) will be canal is prior to the generation of power plant, thus the power plant has to
introduced? stop the operation.
(h) Is there any possibility that fishery rights, water usage rights, (g) Since there will be no reservoir or resorted water for generating power,
and common usage rights, etc. would be restricted? such disease will be very low possibility.
(h) Necessary water for the irrigation canal is around /s 0.02m3/s for 7.45
Ha of rice fields. 0.136m3/s is the required river maintenance flow. As the
river maintenance flow is larger than water for irrigation, no conflict by
water usage right. There is no other right.
(3) Heritage (a) Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local (a) N (a) There are no sites with archeological or religious significance in the
archeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage? Are project area based on the surveys conducted. Although the project will be
adequate measures considered to protect these sites in located close to the rice terraces, the facilities were planned to have no
accordance with the country’s laws? negative impact on the people, their culture as well as the
environment/surroundings.
(4) Landscape (a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the (a) N (a) There is no tourism spot within/near the project site. You won't see
local landscape? Are necessary measures taken? any power generation facility from major access road.

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4 Social (5) Ethnic (a) Are considerations given to reduce impacts on the culture and (a) Y (a) The provisions of the MOA between the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and
Environment Minorities and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples? (b) Y the proponent (the PGI) will make sure that impacts to IPs will be mitigated
Indigenous (b) Are all of the rights of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples pursuant to the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act or IPRA Law
Peoples in relation to land and resources to be respected? implemented/regulated by the National Commission on Indigenous
Peoples (NCIP),
(b) The NCIP conducted Field-Based Investigation and now getting the
Free and Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) from the host community, these
processes will make sure that IPs concerns were respected.
(6) Working (a) Is the project proponent not violating any laws and ordinances (a) Y (a) The contractor will follow the existing national and local labor law and
Conditions associated with the working conditions of the country which the (b) Y codes (PD 442 or Labor Code of the Philippines).
project proponent should observe in the project?(b) Are tangible (c) Y (b) As safety measure, the contractor will be required to follow safety
safety considerations in place for individuals involved in the (d) Y protocols during the construction period (based on Occupational Safety
project, such as the installation of safety equipment which and Health Standards).
prevents industrial accidents, and management of hazardous (c) The contractor will be required to implement the safety training, and
materials?(c) Are intangible measures being planned and establishment of safety and health program pursuant to the DOE Circular
implemented for individuals involved in the project, such as the 2012-11-009 or the Renewable Energy Safety, Health and Environment
establishment of a safety and health program, and safety Regulations (RESHER).
training (including traffic safety and public health) for workers (d) The regulation is included in the provisions of the RESHER.
etc.?(d) Are appropriate measures taken to ensure that security
guards involved in the project not to violate safety of other
individuals involved, or local residents?
5 Others (1) Impacts (a) Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during (a) Y (a) Contractor will be required to implement the mitigation measures as
during construction (e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust (b) N stated in their occupational health and safety program such as use of ear
Construction gases, and wastes)? (c) N mufflers, safety nets, proper waste disposal and other best practices in
(b) If construction activities adversely affect the natural good housekeeping. Construction activates will also be done during
environment (ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to daytime in order not to disturb the resting time of the residents.
reduce the impacts? (b) The scheme of hydropower development is run-of-river type so there
(c) If construction activities adversely affect the social will be no impounding, and therefore no adverse effect to environment.
environment, are adequate measures considered to reduce the (c) There is no adverse impact to social environment. The project is
impacts? expected to bring positive economic benefits to the community. Jobs will be
created as result of the construction and operation of the project.

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 (2) Accident (a) Is a warning system established to alert the inhabitants to (a) N/A (a) not applicable
Prevention water discharge from the dam?
Measures
5 Others (3) Monitoring (a) Does the proponent develop and implement monitoring (a) Y (a) Since the small hydro power project (820kW capacity) will be
program for the environmental items that are considered to have (b) – implemented in rural mountainous area. The project site is far from
potential impacts? (c) Y residents; hardly hear the noise of construction. Most of construction
(b) What are the items, methods and frequencies of the (d) Y works will be manually taken, only some heavy equipment will be used,
monitoring program? therefore minor air pollution will be observed. Only muddy water during
(c) Does the proponent establish an adequate monitoring intake weir construction shall be taken into consideration, establishment of
framework (organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate settling basin to release clearer water to the original river as mitigation
budget to sustain the monitoring framework)? measure will be necessary. DOE and PGI with the local environmental
(d) Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the monitoring office, will implement monitoring program in accordance with DAO2003-30,
report system identified, such as the format and frequency of Chapter 7.3 Monitoring Protocol, letter B, Self-monitoring
reports from the proponent to the regulatory authorities? (b) Water (Seminar-annual), Air (Semi-Annual), Noise (Semi-Annual), and
Health and Safety (Daily).
(c) During the construction stage, DOE, HOEMD will be responsible, while
the operation time, PPDO of PGI will be responsible for monitoring.
(d) DENR-EMB Procedural Manual for DAO2003-30. Chapter 7.3
Monitoring Protocol, letter B, self-monitoring.

6 Note Reference to (a) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Forestry (a) N/A (a) not applicable
Checklist of Projects checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects in the (b) N/A (b) not applicable
Other Sectors mountains including large areas of deforestation). (c) Y
(b) In the case of dams and reservoirs, such as irrigation, water
supply, and industrial water purposes, where necessary, pertinent
items described in the Agriculture and Water Supply checklists
should also be checked.
(c) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Power
Transmission and Distribution Lines checklist should also be
checked (e.g., projects including installation of electric
transmission lines and/or electric distribution facilities).

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 Note on Using (a) If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or global issues (a) N (a) No impacts to global issues as a small project with no impacts to
Environmental should be confirmed (e.g., the project includes factors that may environment
Checklist cause problems, such as transboundary waste treatment, acid
rain, destruction of the ozone layer, or global warming).
1) Regarding the term “Country’s Standards” mentioned in the above table, in the event that environmental standards in the country where the project is located diverge significantly from
international standards, appropriate environmental considerations are requested to be made.
In cases where local environmental regulations are yet to be established in some areas, considerations should be made based on comparisons with appropriate standards of other countries
(including Japan's experience).
2) Environmental checklist provides general environmental items to be checked. It may be necessary to add or delete an item taking into account the characteristics of the project and
the particular circumstances of the country and locality in which it is located.

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1-3-9 Other Information (Global Issues)

As is indicated in Chapter 2 Section 2-1, construction of mini hydropower plants in Ifugao Provicne is
expected to contribute to the stabilization of the provincial power supply and reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions. Moreover, revenue from the sale of power will be used for the rice teraces conservation fund and
contribute to improving the livelihood of local residents engaged in cultivating the rice terraces. In this way,
the Project will contribute to the mitigation of global issues.

The Project will be implemented as part of the Green Growth Promotion (New Energy Introduction
Promotion) Program in accordance with the fiscal 2012 priority policy for international cooperation
(Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation Division). Therefore, consideration is given to
utilizing products made by Japanese small and medium enterprises as the key components in the mini
hydropower development equipment (turbine). In line with this, in the procurement plan for the
hydropower generating equipment in the Project, the procurement specifications are compiled in
consideration of the technologies and production capacity of Japanese small and medium enterprises (see
Chapter 2 for details).

Meanwhile, the Project target area has unique culture and indigenous technology, for example, watershed
protection forest systems and small-scale irrigation channel construction technology, etc. that is geared to
constructing and maintaining the rice terraces. Because showing consideration for local culture and utilizing
indigenous technologies will be effective for minimizing impact on the local environment and maintaining
the power plant, the Project facilities design and execution plan has been compiled assuming basically no
utilization of large machinery that would require construction of temporary roads and giving consideration
to adopting the traditional subcontracting method (“Pakiyaw”) for constructing irrigation channels.

1-62
 Chapter 2 Contents of the Project

2-1 Basic Concept of the Project

2-1-1 Overall Goal and Project Purpose

In October 2008, the Government of the Philippines enforced the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, R.A. 9513
(hereinafter referred to as the “RE Act”) - the first comprehensive legislation on renewable energy in Southeast
Asia. This Act has the objectives of improving the self-sufficiency of energy supply, strengthening the capacity
of central and local governments via development of renewable energy, and balancing economic growth with
environmental protection. Furthermore, the Government of the Philippines in June 2011 announced the
National Renewable Energy Program with the goal of increasing the amount of power generated from
renewable energy by three times (to approximately 16,200 MW) over the 2010 level by 2030.

Because the Philippines relies on imported fossil fuels to cover around 40% of its power generation
requirement, implementation of the Project can be expected to promote the utilization of renewable energy
based on domestic water resources, and thereby contribute to energy security and reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions.

In these circumstances, the Government of Ifugao Province enacted the Mini Hydro Electric Power Plant
Development Program Ordinance (Ordinance No. 2007-045) geared to expanding the provincial
development budget, reducing power tariffs in the province and securing funds for preservation of the rice
terraces in 2007 prior to enactment of the RE Act. Based on this, it has been promoting development of
hydropower within the province.

Against the aforementioned background, assuming the overall goal to be to make a contribution towards
realizing the goals of the RE Act, the National Renewable Energy Program and the Ifugao Province Mini
Hydro Electric Power Plant Development Program Ordinance, the Project will be implemented with the
purpose of expanding the RTCF, stable energy supply with lower electric tariff rate for preservation of the rice
terraces of Ifugao.

2-1-2 Outline of the Project

Through constructing Likud mini hydropower plant (maximum output 820 kW) in Barangay Haliap in
Asipulo Municipality, Ifugao Province, the Project intends to promote utilization of domestic renewable energy,
and thereby contribute to the diversification of energy sources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Moreover, through disseminating electricity and directing revenue from power sales to the RTCF, it will
contribute to the conservation of tourism resources.

2-1
(1) Hydropower Equipment
The hydropower generating equipment is composed of the equipment and instruments indicated in Fig.2-1.

Fig. 2-1 Composition of the Hydropower Generation Equipment

2-2
(2) Repair of Existing Irrigation Facilities
The intake weir to be used in the Project was originally constructed with the aim of supplying water to paddy
fields on the right bank downstream of the intake point, however, it has lost its inherent function because part
of the water channel has been washed away by flooding. During the preliminary survey conducted by JICA in
March 2012, it was confirmed that the local residents strongly desire the repair of the irrigation channel. As a
result of confirming the required water flow and repair method in the first field survey, since it was found that
this will have no impact on the hydropower project and the repair work is relatively easy, it was decided to add
this to the Project components.

Fig. 2-2 shows the contents of the repair work.

Fig.2-2 Contents of Rehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities

(3) Soft Component

The Project aims to contribute towards the stable supply of power in Ifugao Province through constructing a
mini hydropower plant, and to sustain the preservation of rice terraces through utilizing some of the earnings
from the sale of generated power to strengthen the Rice Terraces Conservation Fund.

The soft component indicated in Fig.2-3 will be implemented in order to ensure that the Project effects are
definitely realized.

Fig.2-3 Composition of the Soft Component

2-3
2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance

2-2-1 Design Policy

The Project contents were designed based on the following policies upon considering the request from the
Philippine side, the field survey findings and the results of the discussions with the provincial government,
which will be the implementing and operating agency for the Project.

(1) Technical Implementation Policy

The plan for Likud mini hydropower plant was compiled based on the following basic policy.
 Improve the power supply and demand situation in Ifugao Province, which depends on external power
supply to provide 91% of its annual power requirement of 13,576 MWh (2011).
 Secure as much of the necessary funding for the RTCF (30~50 million pesos per year) as possible.
 Be able to respond to fluctuations in daytime and nighttime demand, and avoid exerting impact on the
higher level National Grid Corporation Philippine (NGCP) as much as possible.

(2) Technical Standard and Cost Estimate Standard in the Project

The technical standards and cost estimate standards that are required in implementing the Project will basically
be adopted from the standards used by the host local government, but Japanese and international standards will
be referred to in situations where the local standards are insufficient or unclear. Concerning design of civil
engineering and electrical and mechanical equipment, the Hydropower Development Guide Manual (March
2011) prepared by JICA will be referred to. As for power transformation and transmission equipment, it has
been decided to conduct the design based on standards prescribed by the National Electrification
Administration of the Philippines.

Table 2-1 shows the main technical and cost estimate standards that need to be prepared in the Survey for the
Project.
Table 2-1 Technical Standard and Cost Estimate Standard Used in the Project
Name issue Remark
Regulation on development scale, procedure,
Guide on Mini-Hydropower Development in the
DOE etc based on “Mini-Hydroelectric Power
Philippines
Incentives Act” (Act. No. 7156)
Manual for Design, Implementation and Technical manual prepared on JICA technical
Philippines

DOE
Management for Micro-Hydropower cooperation project “Rural Electrification
-EUMB
Development ;June 2009 Project” covering lower than 1MW scale
Philippine Grid Code Jan,2001 ERC Criteria for transmission
Distribution Code Jan,2001 ERC Criteria for distribution
Philippine Electric Code (PEC) ERC Electrical standard in the Philippines
NEA Regulation NEA Regulation by NIA
Technical Standard for Hydropower Facilities METI
Technical Standard for Electrical Facilities METI
Japan

Technical Criteria for River Works MILT

Standard Specification of Concrete Structures JSCE
Technical Standard for Gate & Penstock JHGPA

2-4
 Criteria for Transmission/Substation JESC
Technical Requirement Guideline for
METI
Interconnection
Technical Guideline for Interconnection by
JEA
Distributed Generation
Technical Guideline for Design of Steel Structures,
MAFF
Mini-hydropower Edition
The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan JEC
Standard Criteria of JEMA JEMA
Electric Technology Research Association ETRA
Standard for Cost Estimation on Civil Works MILT
Estimation Table for Machinery Ownership Rate MILT
Standard Yardstick for Construction CRI
Refere Guideline and Manual for Hydropower Technical manual for rural electrification on
JICA
nce Development Vol.2 Small Scale Hydropower mini-hydropower under 500kW

(3) Design Concept

In this project according to the policy by Government of Japan, Turbine, Generator and Control System are
designed on the assumption to utilize the elaborated products fabricated by Japanese small, medium scale
enterprise. On that basis, Outline design was conducted with following basic policy.

<Utilization of Local Traditional Civil Engineering Technology>

Ifugao is home to unique stone masonry technology typified by the rice terraces, and it boasts the highest levels
of accuracy and reliability in the northern part of Luzon Island. This stone masonry technology was also used
in constructing the intake weir, headrace and power plant foundations in the Ambangal MHP project. Another
advantage of utilizing such traditional local technology is that damage and so on occurring after completion
can be immediately responded to.

The construction site for Likud mini hydropower station is entirely private land1, while the surrounding area
contains rice terraces2, and watershed protection forest locally referred to as Muyon. When executing the main
structural works, it will be necessary to minimize or avert any impacts on these features. In planning the layout
of facilities and execution of works in the Project, it will be necessary to avoid the construction of roads for
carrying in machinery and materials. Even if such roads are temporarily constructed, steps will need to be
taken to ensure that they can be jointly utilized as the headrace route or converted to use as Municipal
Road/Barangay Road in the future. Local construction operators who have worked under similar conditions
have learned how to carry equipment and materials by simple cableways, and cableway was also used in the
Ambangal MHP project. In view of this, the simple cableway will be utilized in the Project in an effort to
minimize impacts on the local environment. Furthermore, due to the work conditions already described, since
use of construction machinery such as excavator, etc. will be restricted in the Project; manual labor will be
relied on to implement almost all the works. Laborers will basically be recruited locally, however, since many

1
Not including existing roads inside river areas.
2
Since the higher goal of the Project is the conservation of rice terraces, it will basically be necessary to decide the
water channel route and location of major facilities so that there is no impact on the rice terraces.

2-5
laborers are also farmers, it may be difficult to secure sufficient labor during the farming season. Moreover,
some landowners are averse to having laborers from outside areas enter their land3.

In the Ambangal MHP project, the traditional sub-contracting system locally known as Pakyaw4 was utilized
and allowed the said project to finish on schedule. Since it will be essential to smoothly execute the main
structural works in the Project too, an implementation plan that complies with local culture and customs
including use of Pakyaw will be compiled.

Simple cableway utilizing

truck drive wheels
Ambangal MHP

Manual carrying of
penstock (250 kg/piece)
Ambangal MHP

(4) Concept for Rehabilitation of Existing Communal Irrigation System

Rehabilitation of the existing irrigation system in the Project will target the rice paddies indicated in Fig. 2-4
and aim to supply a maximum of 10 liters/second to an area of 2.43 hectares (2.43 ha x 2 l/s + allowance). The
irrigation channel will be constructed adjoining the power system headrace.

Eroded Portion

0.28ha

2.15 ha

Fig.2-4
Target Area of the
Rehabilitation

3
Ifugao Province was a place where the former Japanese Imperial Army was defeated in WWII and many locals believe
that treasures left behind by the army are still buried in the area. This explains why they are averse to entry by outsiders.
In the former JBIC survey and e8 project, this factor was frequently an impediment to survey and construction work.
4
In this method, the main contractor binds a sub-contract with the landowner concerned, and the landowner takes
responsibility for securing labor and finishing the works within the contract period. This approach has been widely
adopted in irrigation channel works and so on around Ifugao.

2-6
(5) Concept for Soft Component in the Project
In order to achieve the Project objectives, it is essential to secure the stable operation of the mini hydropower
plant and appropriate utilization of the RCTF. The soft component has been compiled in order to help the host
local government build its systems, etc. more certainly and effectively.

(6) Policy for Setting Quantitative Effect Indicators

The following three items are set as indicators for assessing the quantitative effect of the Project:

① Annual effective electric power

② Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

The above indicators are basically predicated on the assumption that evaluation is conducted three years
following the start of operation (excluding power generating output). The setting conditions and setting
methods are indicated below.

1) Annual effective electric power

Since the annual effective electric power fluctuates greatly5 according to the river flow/weather conditions, the
target annual effective electric power is set by the following method:

a. Use the converted flow regime (conversion coefficient 0.66) from the existing Hapao water observation
post.
b. Out of the period for which observation records exist (six years between 2004~2009), the years targeted
for calculating the annual effective electric power are 2007, 2008 and 2009, when the river flow was
low, and the mean flow regime (series method) is calculated based on these materials (see Fig. 2-5).
c. If the water intake flow (the flow following deduction of the river maintenance flow, etc. from the river
flow) is greater than 1.0m3/s (rated flow for one water turbine), the possible electric power is calculated
as follows upon considering the output limit based on the nighttime low-power demand.
GEi＝Pmax.i x 16hr + 410kW x 8hr
GEi : Possible electric power (kWh) on the day concerned (kWh)
Pmax.i : Possible maximum generating output on the day concerned (kW)
d. Deduct the river maintenance flow from the river flow. (Maintenance flow 0.136m3/s, Cot-Cot
irrigation 0.010m3/s)
e. Concerning the stoppage factor for calculating the effective electric power, a stoppage factor of 5% for
distribution network stoppages is added to the conventional stoppage factor of 5%, and the effective
electric power is set at 90% of the annual possible generating output.

5
According to existing meteorological observation results in the Project area, weather conditions in the target area fluctuate
in three~five year cycles, and extreme dry years occur once every 8~11 years.

2-7
 2
Flow Duration in Hapao River (C.A.=45km )

20

2004
18 2005
2006
16 2007
2008
14 2009
Average
River Flow (m /s)

12
3

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Percent of Time Flow Equalled or Exceeded (%)

Fig. 2-5 Flow Duration Curve at Hapao Gauging Station

2) Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

The emissions reduction is calculated according to the following Guidelines for Measurement, Reporting and
Verification of GHG Emission Reductions in JBIC GREEN Operation (“J-MRV Guidelines”).

① Basic thinking on the amount of emissions reduction

In the case of power generation activities, the amount of emissions reduction is calculated as the disparity
between 1) emissions (baseline emissions) in the case where electric power from renewable energy is
generated assuming the mean value of power at all plants in the country concerned (mean value for all power
sources) and 2) emissions (project activity emissions) arising from energy consumption in the Project activity.

② Emissions reduction calculation formula

This is expressed as the difference between baseline emissions and Project activity emissions.
ERy = BEy - PEy ·
ERy: Annual emissions reduction (tCO2/year)
BEy: Baseline annual emissions (tCO2/year)
BEy = EGy x EFelec (case of power generating project)
EGy: Annual generated electricity (MWh/year)

2-8
 EFelec: Emission coefficient at all power sources (tCO2/MWh)
In the case of the Philippines, this is 0.487 tCO2/MWh at the generating end and 0.520 tCO2/MWh at the
sending end.
PEy: Annual emissions in the project activity (tCO2/year)
This isn’t considered in the case of renewable energy (small-scale flow-in hydropower project).

2-2-2 Project Site

There was no hydropower development in Ifugao Province for a long time following construction of the dam
type hydropower plant (Magat hydropower plant: output 360 MW) close to the border with Isabella Province
in 1983, however, Ambangal mini hydropower plant was constructed in January 2010 and has been in
operation ever since.

Since Ifugao Province has precipitous terrain, abundant rainfall and healthy forests, it has abundant potential
hydropower resources. A survey of hydropower resources throughout the province was conducted under the
“JBIC Pilot Study on Rural Revitalization Project for the Conservation of the Ifugao Rice Terraces (World
heritage Site), Philippines” (the old JBIC Study) in December 2004.

According to this study, Ifugao Province has 51 potential hydropower sites possessing total output of 123,250
kW and total annual generating capacity of 907,734 MWh (see Fig. 2-6 and Table 2-2). As is indicated in Table
3-2, some of these sites have poor access or entail potential risk to nearby paddies; however, depending on the
future development of infrastructure and environmental mitigation measures, there are numerous sites with
high development potential. Likud site (code number AS-1 in the old JBIC Study), which is the target of the
Project, is situated in one of the most economically advantageous locations among potential sites with capacity
of less than 1,000 kW, and there is also hardly any risk of impact on rice paddies. Therefore, this site was put
forward as the candidate for implementation of a grant aid project in the said study.

2-9
Source: JBIC Pilot Study on Rural Revitalization Project for the Conservation of the Ifugao Rice Terraces

(World heritage Site), Philippines, Dec.2004

Magat Hydropower

Ambangal MHP 360MW

200kW

Likud MHP

820kW

Fig. 2-6 Hydropower Potential Sites in Ifugao Province

2-10
 Table 2-2 Hydropower Potential Sites in Ifugao Province
Pmax Qmax He Energy Cost Cost/kWh
Rank Name Screening point
(kW) (m3/s) (m) (MWh) (103Peso) (Peso)

1 HU-5 5,200 4.4 140.1 42,504 820,729 19.3 World Heritage

2 KI-1 6,700 10.2 78.2 54,899 1,138,420 20.7
3 HU-10 11,100 14.3 91.6 90,701 1,920,691 21.2 Can not access
4 KI-2 13,300 24.1 65.1 108,817 2,513,056 23.1
5 HU-4 1,200 1.4 68.0 9,781 232,752 23.8 Rice field
6 TI-6 2,000 3.2 77.1 16,394 431,990 26.4 Can not access
7 TI-4 3,400 4.3 97.0 27,778 754,312 27.2
8 AS-4 4,600 4.4 126.3 37,659 1,064,453 28.3 Can not access
9 TI-2 2,600 3.5 88.4 21,243 603,967 28.4 Can not access
10 AS-1 880 1.1 96.6 7,285 241,371 33.1
11 HU-2 7,200 3.7 246.3 35,960 1,309,475 36.4 Protected Area
12 HU-6 7,900 4.2 234.6 39,687 1,529,526 38.5 Rice field
13 BA-4 1,500 2.3 78.4 12,225 472,012 38.6 Can not access
14 TI-3 1,900 3.9 58.2 15,483 618,811 40.0
15 LM-1 1,500 1.1 153.6 12,242 562,206 45.9
16 AS-7 2,900 6.1 56.2 23,705 1,102,587 46.5 Can not access
17 TI-1 1,900 2.0 116.6 15,553 725,271 46.6 Can not access
18 MA-4 2,900 5.1 66.7 23,705 1,141,931 48.2 Can not access
19 BA-1 1,400 1.2 137.7 11,427 551,292 48.2 Rice field
20 KI-4 1,400 1.6 107.4 11,471 556,809 48.5 Can not access
21 HU-1 1,900 1.7 136.0 15,553 773,985 49.8 Protected Area
22 TI-7 1,500 2.0 87.4 12,220 611,466 50.0 Can not access
23 HU-3 4,500 2.9 196.7 22,588 1,130,325 50.0 Protected Area
24 HU-9 980 0.9 132.2 6,139 314,902 51.3 Can not access
25 BA-5 1,900 5.0 47.4 15,531 824,463 53.1 Can not access
26 BA-2 1,400 1.4 116.6 11,441 618,392 54.2 World Heritage
27 MA-1 1,300 1.2 137.1 10,661 583,864 54.8 World Heritage
28 BA-3 1,100 1.6 85.7 8,983 515,161 57.4
29 AG-6 1,200 1.5 96.6 9,802 562,443 57.4 Can not access
30 HU-8 840 1.0 68.1 6,877 398,116 57.9 Can not access
31 AS-6 870 1.6 67.1 7,033 409,290 58.2 Can not access
32 TI-8 1,300 1.3 116.5 10,604 630,105 59.4 Can not access
33 AG-4 1,400 3.3 53.2 11,476 700,065 61.0 Can not access
34 TI-9 1,200 1.4 97.1 9,776 604,642 61.9 Can not access
35 MA-2 920 1.4 78.1 7,611 514,011 67.5 Can not access
36 AG-1 570 0.8 86.8 4,747 330,999 69.7 Can not access
37 AS-5 1,400 5.2 32.7 11,432 800,042 70.0 Can not access
38 TI-5 910 4.0 28.3 7,370 521,036 70.7
39 HU-7 900 1.0 117.7 6,461 459,586 71.1 Can not access
40 AG-3 800 1.7 58.2 6,545 473,081 72.3 Can not access
41 AG-2 560 1.2 58.1 4,581 350,966 76.6 Can not access
42 MA-3 760 1.6 57.6 6,292 521,042 82.8
43 AS-3 670 1.0 77.9 5,505 466,213 84.7 Can not access
44 LG-1 1,800 0.8 274.9 9,089 778,905 85.7 Rice field
45 AG-5 7,800 32.8 28.2 41,610 3,867,607 93.0 Can not access
46 BA-6 1,200 1.3 117.3 5,874 594,369 101.2 Rice field
47 KI-3 380 0.3 155.7 1,964 216,930 110.5 Rice field
48 HI-1 850 0.8 135.5 6,879 778,151 113.1 Can not access
49 AS-2 260 0.6 58.1 2,132 316,821 148.6
50 BA-7 440 0.6 96.8 3,595 582,272 162.0 Can not access
51 LG-2 160 0.3 67.8 1,046 340,814 325.8 Rice field

Source: JBIC Pilot Study on Rural Revitalization Project for the Conservation of the Ifugao Rice Terraces
(World heritage Site), Philippines, Dec.2004

2-11
2-2-3 Basic Plan

2-2-3-1 Overall Plan

Concerning the overall plan for the Project, examination on the FS level was conducted in “the JICA Study for
promoting implementation of environmental development project (Mini-hydropower scheme)” (the FS Study)
in September 2011. In the Survey here, however, revisions have been made to the detailed power generation
route and development scale following additional survey based on the FS Study findings.

(1) Route of the Power Plant

1) Location of the Intake

As a result of the field survey, considering the following points, as in the FS, it has been decided to rehabilitate
and utilize the existing intake facility of irrigation.

 There is no other appropriate location for installation of intake facilities in the surrounding area.
 In the event where the intake facility is moved upstream from the existing irrigation water intake, it would
be difficult to construct the headrace due to steep cliffs in the immediate area.
 In the event where the intake facility is moved downstream from the existing irrigation water intake, the
head would be greatly reduced.
 In the event where a new intake facility is constructed without utilizing the existing equipment, costs
would increase.

2) Headrace Route
The headrace route was selected upon conducting comparative examination on the four routes indicated in Fig.
2-7 including the zero option. As a result, as is indicated in Table 2-3, Route B was selected as the most
superior from the viewpoints of technology, natural and social environmental impact and economy.

Fig. 2-8 shows the details of the optimum route.

2-12
 Fig. 2-7 Alternatives Plans of Headrace Route

(2) Development Scale

In the FS on the project that was implemented last year, the most feasible case was found to be maximum
water usage of 2.0 m3/s and maximum output of 810 kW taking into account the river flow duration indicated
in Fig. 2-9, however, as a result of revising the turbine efficiency in this Preparatory Survey, the maximum
output has been revised to 820 kW (the maximum water usage is the same). Assuming the maximum water
usage to be 2.0 m3/s, the system can operate at maximum output for approximately 240 days in the year.

Fig. 2-10 shows the daily load curve (excluding the daily mean generating output of Ambangal hydropower
plant) in Ifugao Province from March 26 to July 25, 2012. In the Project, it is necessary to respond to the
power demand indicated in Fig. 2-10. The nighttime power demand is around 400 kW, and since it would be
necessary to conduct operation with low turbine efficiency (thereby risking negative impact on the turbine) in
the case where one primary unit is adopted, it has been decided to adopt two main units.

2-13
 Table 2-3 Results of Headrace Route Comparative Examination
Item Unit Route A Route B Route C Route D Zero Option
Features Total head M 55.0 59.0 60.0 90.0
Effective
M 48.1 51.8 50.8 75.7
head
Maximum 3
m /s 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7
discharge
Maximum
kW 740 820 770 990
output
Channel
m 1,764 2,050 2,612 4,038
length
Channel
length per
- 36.7 39.8 51.4 53.3
unit head
(L/H)
Annual
effective MWh 5,317 5,826 5,616 7,345
generation
Rough
construction X1000 pesos 387,300 420,600 542,100
cost
Rough This column cannot be disclosed until the construction and procurement contracts are certified
construction
Pesos/kWh 71.1 66.5 74.9 73.8
cost per
kWh
Potential Technical - There is a barangay road The power plant access Because the topography A new road needs to be
for issues that leads to the scheduled road can be easily installed and geology of the power constructed as the power
expression construction site, however, along the river from the plant site are unstable, the plant access road:
its alignment and gradient existing bridge cost of laying the plant approximately 2.2 km.
are unsuitable for use as a approximately 300 m foundations is higher than
power plant access road (a downstream from the site. in other plans.
permanent road designed
for transporting heavy
objects), and it is
necessary to construct
approximately 1.2km of
new road.
Natural and - - There is no relocation of - There is no relocation of - There is no relocation of - There is no relocation of - Funds for the RTCF
social residents. residents. residents. residents. cannot be secured and
environment - The channel route can - The channel is longer - The channel is longer - The channel and power devastation of the rice
be shortened by than in Route A (the than in Routes A and B, plant access road are terraces continues
approximately 300 m route passes through and the impact on forest longer than in Routes A, unabated.

2-14
 compared to Route B, grassland and shrub and paddies is also B and C, and the impact
however, it is necessary land and doesn’t require larger than in A and B. on forest and paddies is
to newly construct the cutting of many trees), also the largest among
power plant access however, the power the plans.
road (approximately 1.2 plant access road can
km). Moreover, since be easily constructed
much of the access and there is little impact
route goes through on forest and paddies.
forest and it would be
necessary to change
the terrain and cut trees,
environmental load is
greater than in Route B.
Economy - There are no merits of This route offers the best Compared to Route B, The head is 1.5 times - The RTCF is not
scale and economy is economy. because the effective head larger and the headrace is established.
inferior to that in Route B. declines (due to the 2 times longer than in - The World Heritage rice
relationship between river Route B, but economy is terraces will become
gradient and channel lower than in Routes A and increasingly devastated.
gradient), economy is the B. - Reduction of paddy rice
lowest of all the routes. productivity
Order - 2 1 4 3 5

2-15
 Intake &
Settling-Basin

Lamut River

Headrace
Powerhouse

Access Road

Penstock
Pipe

図2-1 全体計画図
Fig.2 8 General Layout
Head-Tank

2-16
 10.0 100
Plant Factor
9.0 90
86.3%

Plant Factor, Riverflow Utilization Ratio (%)

8.0 80

7.0 Riverflow Utilization Ratio

70
Discharge (m /s)

6.0 60
3

5.0 50
48.9%
Natural Flow Duration
4.0 40

3.0 30

66.2% = 242days
3
Max. Plant Discharge 2.0m /s
2.0 20
Available Flow Duration
1.0 10

0.0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Percentage (%)

Fig. 2-9 Flow Duration Curve at the Project Site （Catchment Area; 44.02km2）

2-17
 Maximum Output 820kW

Source; NGCP
Note: Generating output at Ambangal mini hydropower plant is already deducted.
Fig 2-10 Target Daily Load Curve

2-2-3-2 Facility and Equipment Plan

2-2-3-2-1 Hydropower Plant

(1) Civil Structures
Table 2-4 Feature of Civil Structures

Items Contents Remarks

Type of Power Plant Run-of –River, Conduit Type

Power
Max. Plant Discharge 2.0m3/s
Generation
Effective Head 51.8m
Plan
Maximum Output 820 kW

Intake Weir H=4.5m、L=22.0ｍ Utilizing existing irrigation intake weir

Intake Equipment H=1.5m、W=1.6ｍ

Settling Basin H=3.5m、W=6.5ｍ、L＝13.7ｍ

Headrace Channel H=1.7m、W=2.0ｍ、L=1,844.4ｍ Open Channel, Box Colbert and Flume

Structures Head-Tank H=4.0m、W=6.2ｍ、L=14.1ｍ

Spillway H=1.6m、W=1.6ｍ、L=152.6ｍ Buried type

Penstock D=0.85m、L=148.7ｍ Buried type, Philippine Made

Powerhouse H=5.0m、W=9.4ｍ、L=14.0ｍ

Access road W=4.0ｍ、L=200.0ｍ

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1) Intake Weir
The existing irrigation weir will be strengthened and rehabilitated for use as the intake weir. Since there are
numerous holes in the limestone that forms the weir body, these will be plugged with boulders and concrete to
ensure the stability. Also, there is concern over scouring of foundations caused by the river flow downstream of
the weir. The foundations will be protected with concrete and an apron will be constructed in order to prevent
scouring. As for the basic structure, in line with the findings of the FS, concrete reinforcement will be
conducted downstream of the weir in order to secure structural stability. Design has been implemented while
paying attention to the following points.
 Since there are holes ranging from 10~20 cm in size in the weir body, these will be completely filled with
boulders and concrete.
 A concrete apron will be constructed downstream of the weir in order to prevent scouring.
 Since there is minor leakage from the upstream to the downstream on the left side of the weir, this will be
blocked with concrete.
 There is a small limestone hillock along the route of the channel connecting the intake to the settling basin,
and this will be shaped when constructing the channel.

2) Intake equipment
Concerning the intake structure, the opening for obtaining water will be located on the right bank of the intake
weir described above. Downstream from the intake, a spillway will be constructed to return excess water that
enters at times of flooding back to the river. Also, a settling basin will be installed in order to remove sand and
sediment that flows into the headrace. Moreover, the rehabilitated irrigation channel described later and river
maintenance discharge will be diverted from the settling basin.

3) Headrace
The headrace will comprise a concrete open channel and covered conduit leading from the mountain slope on
the right bank of Lamut River to the head tank. Since there are numerous locations where landslides occur
along the headrace route, an aqueduct bridge structure will be selected in such parts and covered conduits will
be adopted in order to prevent inflow of rocks and sediment. Moreover, at the point 300 meters downstream
from the intake weir where Lamut River bends greatly to the left and there is a steep cliff terrain, a concrete
retaining wall will be constructed from the river bed in order to prevent slope failure, and the headrace will be
constructed on top of the wall. In addition, aqueduct bridge structures or inverted siphons will be installed in a
number of locations where the headrace crosses over mountain streams.

4) Penstock
Since the slope on the north side of the penstock route selected in the FS is steep and there is concern over
safety, the penstock route has been slightly moved to the east side. The penstock structure will be the same as
that selected in the FS, i.e. a buried steel pipe, in consideration of landscape.

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5) Head tank and spillway
The head tank will have enough capacity to safely flow water to the generator equipment to a standstill in the
event of emergencies. Also, a sand trap will be installed to remove any sediment that may enter the water
turbine generator, and the spillway will serve to safely discharge any excess water (more than required to
generate power). The spillway will be a concrete structure combined with the penstock, and dissipation works
will be executed to dissipate the energy of the water before it is discharged into the river.

6) Power plant
In line with the change to the penstock route, the power plant will be shifted roughly 40 meters downstream on
Lamut River. As a result, an excavated face of around 10 meters will arise behind the power plant, however, a
stone masonry retaining wall and drainage structure will be constructed in order to ensure stability of the slope
and remove spring water emerging from the ground.

7) Access road to the power plant

The access road to the power plant will be constructed along the route from the sunken bridge (currently under
repair) on the barangay road and along the right bank of Lamut River to the power plant. In order to ensure
access to the power plant even during times of flood, the road will be paved with concrete and slope sections
will be protected with stone masonry.

8) Temporary Facility
As was mentioned earlier, a cableway for carrying equipment and materials will be installed from the barangay
road along the left bank of Lamut River. This will be used when executing works between the intake weir and
the upstream side of the headrace. In addition, on the downstream side of the headrace, the existing road
channel that runs to along the proposed headrace route will be rehabilitated and utilized. The access road
mentioned above will be utilized for constructing the penstock and power plant.

(2) Electrical and Mechanical Equipment

Table 2-5 Specification of Electrical and Mechanical Equipments
Item Specification Remarks
Turbine Horizontal shaft Francis Turbine x2 Procure from Japanese
420 kW、1200 rpm small-medium industry
Generator 3 Phase synchronous Generator x2 Ditto
460 kVA
Control Device Water Level Controller Ditto
Governor
Excitation system
Auto Synchronizer
Protection Relay
Individual Operation Detector
Main Transformer 1 phase kVAｘ3 NEA Standard
Voltage 440/13.2kV
Switchgear 3phase Load Breaker Switch Ditto
Voltage 24 kV

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1) Water Turbine
a. Turbine type
In selecting the type of water turbine, since it is necessary to adopt a “general-purpose turbine not subject to
any patent, etc. in order to ensure fairness in procurement,” the inline-type Francis turbine that was selected
in previous FS is not applicable.

Among general-purpose machines, in consideration of head and flow rate, the horizontal axis Francis turbine
and cross-flow turbine are both applicable, however, the cross-flow turbine is close to the head limit and it is
desirable to select the horizontal-axis Francis turbine from the viewpoint of durability.

b. Generating output
The power plant output is as follows:
Effective head: 51.8m
Maximum water discharge: 1.0 x 2＝2 m3/s
Turbine output: 430 kW x 2 units
Generator output: 410 kW x 2 units
Power plant output: 810 kW

c. Number of main units

According to the daily load curve indicated in Fig.2-10, nighttime demand is roughly 600 kW on average,
and it is forecast this will become 350 kW at the lowest time. Therefore, it is forecast that nighttime power
generation will often be less than 50% of the peak output. In the case of a horizontal axis Francis turbine,
when the water discharge ratio falls to 50% or less, there is concern that this will cause rapid decline in the
generating efficiency and shorten the service life of runners in the long term. Therefore, it has been decided
to install two main units.

2) Generator
Generator types are broadly divided into induction generators and synchronous generators. In the Project, since
the grid capacity is lower than the generating output, applying an induction generator would cause both the
continuous voltage fluctuation and instantaneous voltage fluctuations to not satisfy permissible values.
Therefore, synchronous generators will be adopted in the Project.

3) Control device
In the FS conducted in 2011, comparison was implemented between manual output control and automatic
control and, because reverse flows to the NGCP grid cannot be fully prevented in the case of manual output
control, automatic control was adopted.

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However, even if reverse flows do arise, since generation output in the Project is sufficiently smaller than the
NGCP grid capacity, it is envisaged that there would be no actual impact on the higher grid. Moreover, in the
case of automatic control, it would be necessary to install a communications line from Lagawe substation. Also,
due to the 7% annual rate of increase in the demand for power in the province in recent years, it is predicted
that output control can be conducted manually without having to resort to automatic output adjustment. In
consideration of these factors, it has been decided to adopt the manual approach in this study.

(3) Transformation and Distribution Equipments

Transformation and distribution equipment will basically be in accordance with standards of the National
Electrification Administration (NEA) of the Philippines. Outline of specifications are as indicated in Table 2-6,
and the details are given below.

Table 2-6 Specification of Transformation and Distribution Equipments

Item Specification Remarks
Distribution Line 3 Phase 4Wire 13.2kV NEA Standard
New construction 2.9 km
Repair 9.3 km
Distribution Pole Steel Ditto
Watt hour Meter etc Voltage transformer Ditto
Current transformer
Watt hour meter

1) Outline
The transformation equipment for the power plant will be installed outdoors on the plant premises. The
transformation equipment will comprise a 24 kV load switcher (with Power Fuse), 13.2 kV/400V main
transformer, business energy meter and arrester, etc. and will be installed inside an area enclosed by fence, etc.

2) Main instruments
From the viewpoints of economy and ease of maintenance, the main instruments used in the power generating
equipment will be procured from local standard items. The specifications of major instruments will be as
follows.

a. Transformation equipment
i) Transformer
In order to connect to the existing distribution system (13.2 kV), a step-up transformer having the following
specifications will be installed close to the power plant.
Type: Single phase x 3 units
Voltage: 440 V / 13.2 kV
Capacity: 333 kVA x 3 units

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ii) Switchgear
Switchgear will be assembled on the transformation equipment pole located at the power plant exit, which
can act as a demarcation point between the power plant and distribution line and can be cut off in the event
of accidents.
Type: 3 phase load switchgear with fuse (Load Break Switch)
Voltage: 24 kV

iii) Lightning conductor

A lightning conductor will be assembled on the transformation equipment pole to prevent lightning surges
damaging the generating equipment.
Type: Insulator lightning rod
Voltage: 20 kV

iv) Instrumentation
In order to gauge the quantity of power supplied to the distribution line, an instrument transformer will be
installed on the transformation equipment pole, and an energy meter will also be installed.
- Instrument transformer (PT) 3 phase
Voltage ratio: 14kV / 200V
- Instrument current transformer (CT) 3 phase
Current ratio: 50 A/5 A
- Energy mater 3 phase
Type: GEKV2C x 2

b. Distribution line equipment

The route from Likud power plant to the existing distribution line will be directed away from residential
areas where there is no need for tree felling in consideration of the environmental and social impact.
Moreover, in consideration of maintenance following construction of the distribution line, consideration has
been given to economy in deciding the route. Table 2-7 shows the length of the works sections.

Table 2-7 Length of the Distribution Line Works Sections

Section Length (m) Remarks

Likud power plant ~ No. 89 pole (near Haliap bridge) 2,930 Newly installed length

No.89 pole ~ Existing 3 phase distrbution line end (Baguinge ) 9,310

Total 12,240

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i) Power line
The local distribution company IFELCO frequently uses ACSR which has good tensile strength, and it uses
a unified cable type in consideration of maintenance.

Also, a power line size that entails no problem in terms of transmission capacity will be selected
- Power line specifications: 1/0 ACSR (approximately 53.5mm2)

ii) Distribution poles

Hollow steel poles, which are easy to obtain in the Philippines, will be adopted. The length of poles will be
decided in consideration of the local environment, but basically a length of 35 feet will be adopted to
facilitate carrying.
Since badly deteriorated wooden poles are used on existing distribution lines, steel poles will be used to
replace them. Existing steel poles will continue to be used.

2-2-3-2-2 Rehabilitation of Damaged Communal Irrigation System

(1) Existing irrigation facilities around the Project site

Irrigation facilities around the Project site comprise those for supplying water from the intake weir to the right
bank (currently not functioning due to collapse of the channel) and two downstream facilities that supply water
to both the right and left sides. In the case where the irrigation facilities for supplying water from the weir are
rehabilitated in the Project, it will be necessary to ensure that enough water flow is discharged to ensure that the
three downstream irrigation facilities can supply water. Water for the three downstream irrigation facilities will
be discharged via the discharge valve installed in the grit chamber.

<Calculation of irrigation discharge flow>

 Stipulated discharge flow: 2.0 liter/second/hectare (National Irrigation Authority regulations)
 Target irrigation area: 4.96 ha (total of C~E below)
 As is shown in Fig. 2-4, the area of each paddy field is as follows: A: 0.28 ha, B: 2.15ha, C: 0.15 ha,
D: 1.00 ha, E: 3.81 ha. Out of these, C, D and E are targeted for rehabilitation in the Project.
 Necessary discharge flow: 2.0 l/s/ha x 4.96 ha = 9.92 l/s = 0.01 m3/s
Out of these, the target scope of irrigation discharge from the grit chamber discharge valve is C, D
and E (A and B will be targeted for rehabilitation in the Project described below).

Meanwhile, the Philippine Department of Water Resources stipulate that 10% of the 85% probable discharge
of the river should be discharged downstream as the river maintenance flow, so according to this 0.136m3/s of
water should be discharged from the intake weir. (For FS reference) The necessary irrigation flow can be
secured by discharging only the river maintenance flow of 0.136m3/s.

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(2) Outline and rehabilitation method of the targeted irrigation facilities

The irrigation facilities targeted for rehabilitation have a supply area of 2.43 hectares upstream from the intake
weir (areas A and B in Fig. 2-4). The supply flow is deemed to be 0.010m3/s (2.01 s/ha) including some
allowance, and the irrigation channel will be installed in tandem with the headrace as illustrated in Fig. 2-11.

Headrace
Irrigation Channel

Fig. 2-11 Proposed Rehabilitation of Irrigation Channel

2-2-4 Design Drawing

Based on the design concept above mentioned, the basic design of each facility is attached in
“Drawings”
No-1: General Plan
No-2: Longitudinal Profile
No-3: Intake Weir
No.-4: Plan and Longitudinal Profile of Settling Basin
No-5: Cross Section of Settling Basin
No-6: General Cross Section of Headrace
No-7: General Cross Section of Headrace
No-8: Overflow Spillway at Headrace
No-9: Flume at Headrace IP-2~4)
No-10: Flume at Headrace IP-5.16)
No-11: Flume at Headrace IP-56, 57)
No-12: Flume at Headrace IP59, 90)
No-13: Flume at Headrace IP-90, 91)
No-14: flume at Headrace IP-94, 95)
No-15: Flume at Headrace IP-105,106)
No-16: Discharge Control Spillway at head-tank)
No-17: Head-Tank
No-18: Cross Section of Head-tank

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 No-19: Penstock Profile
No-20: Spillway Profile
No-21: Anchor Block of Penstock 1/2
No-22: Anchor Block of Penstock 2/2
No-23: General Cross Section of Penstock and Spillway
No-24: Energy Dissipater of Spillway
No-25: Powerhouse
No-26: Cross Section of Powerhouse
No-27: Cross Section of Access Road
No-28: Single Diagram
No-29: Sub-Station Layout and Plan
No-30: Distribution Line Route 1/4
No-31: Distribution Line Route 2/4
No-32: Distribution Line Route 3/4
No-33: Distribution Line Route 4/4

2-2-5 Implementation Plan

2-2-5-1 Implementation Policy

(1) Minimization of the Scope of Alteration in line with works

Although the Project site is located outside of the area designated as World Heritage, because it aims to make a
contribution to the rice terrace conservation activities and headwater forests that provide the water supplied to
the rice terraces that are located around the Project site, it will be necessary to avoid constructing temporary
roads and so on for carrying in equipment and materials. For this reason, simple cableways are frequently used
when conducting civil engineering works in this area.

In the Project too, it will be important to utilize cableways to the full and thereby strive to minimize the area of
alteration arising from the works apart from the main structures.

(2) Utilization of Local Traditional Works Practices

In the Project, due to the circumstances described in (1) above, almost all the works will need to be executed
manually, however, since only around 16 months, which is short for this type of work, is permitted for the
Project, it will be important to secure laborers. The total length of small-scale irrigation systems in Ifugao
Province is 700 kilometers, and these have been constructed by local residents based on the traditional
sub-contracting system locally known as Pakyaw. In the Project too, an implementation plan that complies

2-26
with local culture and customs including use of Pakyaw will be compiled.

(3) Utilization of local construction Company.

Out of the civil engineering contractors that are based in Ifugao Province, a few have obtained operating
permits from the DTI (Department of Trade & Industry) and have been granted category B6 or higher licenses
from the PCAB (Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board), however, most of these companies primarily
conduct road and building works, while only one company has experience of constructing hydropower plants.

This company has experience of completing the civil engineering works (including penstock installation and
generating equipment installation) for the e8 Ambangal mini hydropower plant upon concluding a direct
contract with Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. Considering that this company completed the said works on
schedule in spite of incurring damage caused by a large typhoon during the works and the civil engineering
facilities following completion have experienced no major problems, this company has ample capacity to take
part in the Project.

Out of the site works, concerning the distribution line and transformer substation works, it will be possible to
utilize the local power distribution company (IFELCO) (as was also the case in the e8 project).

However, because the Project works have to be finished in a short period and greater accuracy than in the e8
project is demanded, it will be essential for Japanese engineers in the civil engineering, electrical and
mechanical fields to conduct guidance and supervision.

In the Project, the implementation plan will be compiled upon giving consideration to the capacity of local
operators and the experience gained in the e8 project.

2-2-5-2 Implementation Conditions

(1) Access to the Project Site

The Project site is located in Barangay Haliap in Asipulo Municipality, Ifugao Province, Cordillera
Administrative Region in the north of Luzon Island. A national highway connects Manila to Lagawe, the
Provincial capital of Ifugao, and since this is paved along its entire route, there is no problem regarding
transportation of large-size goods. The distance from Manila to Lagawe is approximately 350 kilometers and
the journey takes around eight hours by ordinary vehicle. Concerning the landing of equipment and materials
arriving by boat, general freight can be imported via Manila Port. Located in Manila Bay to the west of Metro
Manila, Manila Port is one of the leading international ports in Southeast Asia and poses no problems

6 Category B means that the company has qualifications to tender for works of up to 100 million pesos.

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regarding the landing of equipment and materials.

Between the Provincial capital of Lagawe and the Project site, a provincial road, municipal road (partially
unpaved) and barangay roads have been constructed and are passable for vehicles. The travel time from
Lagawe is approximately 30 minutes.

Moreover, a barangay road leads from the center of Barangay Haliap to midway along the headrace route, and
it will be possible to utilize this as a works road simply by making a few repairs.

Considering the above factors, access conditions to the Project site are relatively good, however, since shoulder
collapse and slope failure caused by typhoons can sometimes lead to road blocks, it will be necessary to take
this point into consideration when deciding the timing of equipment and materials transport.

(2) Construction Machinery Procurement Conditions

Although the majority of Project works will be conducted by manual labor, general construction machinery
such as back hoes and dump trucks, etc. will be required for the power plant and access road works. Since
these machines can be procured locally in Ifugao Province, there will be no problem in terms of the
implementation planning.

(3) Weather Conditions

In Ifugao Province, the dry season usually lasts from March to May. Temperatures at this time are high and it is
the best time for conducting work. On the other hand, the rainy season lasts from August to October, and this
period is also characterized by frequent typhoons. In consideration of these conditions, it will be necessary to
compile the implementation plan so that works around rivers and other civil engineering works avoid the rainy
season as much as possible.

(4) Power Supply and Water Supply for Works

Since it is basically difficult to secure the works power supply from the existing grid, a portable generator will
be prepared for the penstock welding works. Since the Project site is situated close to a river with a lot of
incoming streams, there will basically be no problem when it comes to securing water supply for the works.

(5) Transport of Equipment and Materials

In the Project, because the generating equipment works are small-scale and will mostly be conducted manually,
and since rice is cultivated on rice terraces around the site (although it isn’t located inside the area of the
Cordillera rice terraces that are designated as World Heritage), installations that entail large-scale alteration of
land must be avoided. Accordingly, cableway (with maximum carrying load of approximately 40 kg) for
carrying equipment and materials will be installed from the barangay road running parallel to Lamut River to

2-28
the other side of the river, and the barangay road (currently impassable due to partial collapse) will be
rehabilitated (partial correction of the alignment and paving with concrete) in order to transport the equipment
and materials for the bottom part of the headrace. The abovementioned power plant access road will be used to
carry equipment and materials to the penstock and power plant sites. From the power plant, a cableway or
incline will be installed downstream of the head tank and headrace in order to allow equipment and materials
for the penstock, headrace and head tank to be carried in.

Intake

Cableway Headrace

Barangay Hall

Powerhouse

Headrace Access
Broken Bridge

Headtank

Powerhouse Access

Fig. 2-12 Conceptual View of the Temporary Installation Plan

2-2-5-3 Scope of Works

The works targeted by Japan’s grant aid are as indicated below in Fig. 1-1 and Fig. 1-2. There are no works that
need to be borne by the Philippine side.
(1) Hydropower Equipment
Civil engineering facilities: Intake weir, intake equipment, headrace, head tank, penstock, spillway, power
plant, power plant access road and temporary installations (cableway and
barangay road strengthening for carrying in materials)
Power generating equipment: Water turbine, generator, control device
Transmission equipment: Substation, grid-connection line (13.2 kV)

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(2) Repair of Existing Irrigation System
The channel of the Cot-Cot irrigation system that takes water from the existing weir (which will be used for
power generation) has partially collapsed and is currently not functioning. The repair of this will be included in
the Japanese scope of works.

2-2-5-4 Construction Plan

The general construction methods for each civil engineering facility are described below.

(1) Intake weir and intake facilities

a. Construction period: It will basically be constructed in the dry season (March to May).
b. Flow diversion works: The river will be diverted to the stream (currently a dry stream bed) located
immediately upstream of the planned point on the left bank upon removing boulders from the stream
course. Following diversion, work will be conducted on the right bank of the intake weir and the intake
equipment, and following completion, the river will be discharged from the scouring sluice and works
will be conducted on the left bank of the weir. River bed materials will be banked in order to
provisionally stem the flow.
c. Construction method: All the work will basically be executed by manual labor, however, a small
concrete mixer (0.15 m3) will be used to perform the concrete mixing. The cableway shown in Fig.
2-12 will be used to carry equipment and materials.

(2) Headrace
a. Construction period: Since the headrace works are critical works in the Project, they will be started
immediately following completion of the preparatory works.
b. Construction method: All the work will basically be executed by manual labor; however, a small
concrete mixer (0.15 m3) will be used to perform the concrete mixing. The cableway shown in Fig. 1
will be used to carry equipment and materials to the upper section, however, for the lower section, the
access road to the midway point of the headrace and the power plant access road will be used to
transport equipment and materials to the temporary storage yard, and from there they will be carried to
the building site manually.
c. Division of works sections: In the Project, assuming adoption of the aforementioned Pakyaw method of
contracting, the headrace works will be divided into 25 sections (according to landowner).

(3) Penstock and head tank spillway

a. Construction period: Work will be started following construction of the power plant access road and
incline (rail works), and the concrete work and penstock installation will be completed during the dry
season.

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 b. Construction method: All the work will basically be executed by manual labor, however, a small
concrete mixer (0.15 m3) will be used to perform the concrete mixing (but the concrete will be placed
manually). Materials and equipment including the penstock will be transported using the power plant
access road and incline. The penstock will be installed from the bottom up.

(4) Head tank

a. Construction period: Excavation of the head tank will be started following completion of the headrace
rough excavation and excavation of the penstock and head tank spillway. Work will be started
following installation of the concrete power plant access road and incline (rail), and concrete works will
be started after installation of the penstock.
b. Construction method: All the work will basically be executed by manual labor, however, a small
concrete mixer (0.15 m3) will be used to perform the concrete mixing (but the concrete will be placed
manually). Materials and equipment will be transported using the power plant access road and incline.

(5) Power plant and outfall

a. Construction period: Power plant works will be started following installation of the penstock and
finished before installation of the turbine generator.
b. Construction method: Excavation to the power plant base will be conducted by back hoe (0.6m3), and
the after bay will be excavated by manual labor. A small concrete mixer (0.15 m3) will be used to
perform the concrete mixing (but the concrete will be placed manually). Materials and equipment will
be transported using the power plant access road. The generator equipment will be installed using the
15 ton truck lane.

(6) Access road

a. Construction period: Since the access road works are critical works in the Project, they will be started
immediately following completion of the preparatory works.
b. Construction method: Civil works will be executed by manual labor and machinery. A small concrete
mixer (0.15 m3) will be used to perform the concrete mixing (but the concrete will be placed manually).
Materials and equipment will be transported using the power plant access road.

2-2-5-5 Construction Supervision

Following conclusion of the consultant agreement, the Japanese team comprising the works chief, civil design
engineer (hydropower civil works), electric/mechanical engineer, distribution engineer and tender manager will
implement the detailed design, preparation of tender documents, tender, and checking and approval of plant
drawings for the penstock, gate, screen, generator equipment and power distribution equipment. Site work for
the detailed design will comprise the pre-design field confirmation survey, approval of tender documents and

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tender evaluation to be implemented by the works chief, civil design engineer and tender manager. The other
work will basically be implemented in Japan.

Execution supervision during the construction period, comprising checking and approval of execution
drawings, environmental conservation and yield checking, will be implemented by the works chief, permanent
supervisor (general civil engineering), civil engineer (hydropower civil works: channel and power plant),
electrical engineer, mechanical engineer and power distribution engineer. All members apart from the
permanent works supervisor will only be dispatched for limited periods according to the local works schedule.

Table 2-8 shows the work to be managed by the Consultant’s supervisory staff (Japanese personnel).

Table 2-8 Consultant Supervision Staff

Category Number Local Dispatch Reason for Appointment/Contents of Work
Period
Work chief 1 1.0 Starting arrangements and completion inspection
Permanent supervising 1 16.0 Approval of works drawings, yield check, checking of quality
engineer (general civil test results, etc.
engineering)
Civil engineer (hydropower 1 4.23 Since the headrace at this site is long at 1,800 meters and
civil works: channel) there are numerous works sections (approximately 20
sections in the case where Pakyaw is adopted), a civil
engineer will be dispatched to assist the permanent
supervising engineer at the start of excavation, at the start of
concrete placement and during the rainy season.
Civil engineer (hydropower 1 2.0 The dry season around the Project site is around three
civil works: weir and power months so efficient execution will be required in the works
plant) areas close to the river, i.e. the weir and power plant, etc.
Hydropower generation Moreover, because connections with electricity and machines
(generation civil works in will be required in the power plant works, a civil engineer will
general) be dispatched to assist the permanent supervising engineer
during the weir and power plant construction works.
Hydropower generation 1 1.0 In the case of a hydropower plant, not only do the weir,
(generation civil works in headrace, head tank, penstock, spillway, access road and
general) power house, etc. need to function individually, they also must
function as an integrated system. Moreover, since
connections with electrical, mechanical and power distribution
equipment are also important, an engineer who possesses
general experience in hydropower plant construction will be
dispatched when profile sketches of almost all the civil
engineering structures are clarified and prior to the electrical
and mechanical works (at the time of small water flow testing
for flushing of the channel).
Mechanical engineer 1 2.0 Checking and approval of turbine-related shop drawings,
supervision of site tests both with and without water passage,
and witnessing of receiving inspections

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Electrical engineer 1 2.0 Checking and approval of generator and control
device-related shop drawings, supervision of site tests both
with and without water passage, and witnessing of receiving
inspections
Power distribution engineer 1 1.0 Checking and approval of distribution line (grid connection
line) shop drawings, works supervision, and witnessing of
receiving inspections

2-2-2-6 Quality Control Plan

(1) Civil engineering structures

Quality control will target concrete. Except for the penstock, all the civil engineering structures will be made
from concrete. The main structures in the Project will not require the type of high-strength concrete that is
sought in general bridges (the stress occurring in headrace concrete, etc. will be around 20~30kg/cm2).
Moreover, since many of the works sites will be inaccessible to vehicles, the frequent implementation of
strength tests and so on would cause delays in the implementation schedule.

In consideration of the above points, the following concrete tests (compression strength tests) will basically be
conducted in the Project.

Table 2-9 Frequency of Concrete Tests

Structure Concrete compression test frequency Remarks

Intake weir 2 sites (body and apron) Quantity of concrete: 71m3

Intake and settling basin 2 sites (1 place/50m3) Ditto: 101m3/s
Headrace Open channel (1 place/70m) Open channel: 1.44m3/m
Covered channel (1 place/50m) Covered channel: 1.86m3/m
Aqueduct (body 1 place, abutment 1 Aqueduct: 8 places
place)
Head tank 2 sites (1 place/50m3) Quantity of concrete: 86m3
Spillway 3 sites Quantity of concrete: 315m3
Power plant Foundations: 1 place Quantity of concrete: 340m3
Side wall: 1 place
Beam: 1 place

(2) Penstock
The penstock will be procured in Manila, however, prior to manufacture, submission of a sample of steel mill
sheet will be requested in order to confirm the quality of the steel.

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2-2-5-7 Procurement Plan

(1) Construction Materials

Construction materials, except for the penstock, will basically be procured in Lagawe, the capital of Ifugao
Province. Concrete aggregate will be procured at the Iburao River stone quarry on the outskirts of Lagawe.

Table 2-10 Procurement of Construction Materials

Procurement Source
Equipment and Materials Remarks
Local Japan Third Country
[Construction materials]
Sand, gravel, cement, reinforcing bars, crushed
○
stone, chipboard, sawn timber, gasoline, light oil
[Vehicles for transporting construction machinery]
General construction machinery ○

(2) Equipment
1) Equipment Suppliers
Table 2-11 Procurement Plan for Main Equipments
Item Rough Specifications Philippines Japan Reason
Turbine Horizontal shaft Francis ○ Assuming procurement
turbine x 2 from a Japanese small ,
430 kW, 1200 rpm medium enterprise
Generator 3 phase synchronous ○ Ditto
generator x 2
450 kVA
Control device Water level adjustment ○ Ditto
operating device
Speed regulator
Exciter
Automatic synchronizer
Protective relay
Independent operation
detector
Main transformer Single phase 333 kVAｘ3 ○ Standard of the Philippine
Voltage 440/13.2kV National Electrification
Agency
Switchgear 3 phase load isolating switch ○ Ditto
with fuse
Voltage 24 kV
Distribution line (grid 3 phase 4 line, 13.2kVA ○ Ditto
connection line) New 2.9 km
Repaired 9.3 km
Distribution pole Steel pole ○ Ditto
Electricity meter, etc. Instrumentation transformer ○ Ditto
Instrumentation current
transformer
Integrating electricity meter
Penstock Spiral steel pipe ○
D=0.85m
Gate ○ Local manufacture is
possible

2-34
2) Scope of Spare Parts
To ensure that the Project effects are sustained, the necessary spare parts and maintenance and repair tools will
be provided. Spare parts are divided into expendable parts and replacement parts. In the Project, expendable
parts such as lamps and fuses, etc. necessary for operation (one set) and replacement items such as packing
needed for conducting disassembly inspections (enough for two units) will be supplied.
Table2-12 Spare Parts List
Item Remark
Bearing For 1 unit
Shear pin For 1 unit
Each type of seal For 2 unit
SSG sensor For 1 unit
Rectifier For 1 unit
Protection relay For 1 unit
Aux/ relay For 1 unit
Converter Sequencer For 1 unit
Water level sensor For 1 unit

3) Thinking on warranty
All the equipment and materials procured in the Project will require defect warranty. Moreover, the period of
defect warranty will be one year.

2-2-5-8 Initial Control Guidance and Operation Guidance Plan

The initial control guidance will be carried out by expert engineers dispatched from makers during the
equipment installation and testing. Meanwhile, operation guidance (training for operators in periodic
inspections and operation recording, etc.) will be implemented during the Soft Component described below.

The method for implementing initial control guidance is as indicated below.

1) Guidance Method
An operation and maintenance manual will be prepared and guidance will be conducted for operators at the
times of installation adjustment, testing and trial operation.

2) Contents
Guidance will be conducted on equipment adjustment methods when installing the equipment and when
conducting overhauls.
Guidance will be conducted on start-up method, operating method, output setting method, stopping method
and method for restoring operation after simple troubles and so on.

2-35
Guidance will be offered on items to be notified to makers when major breakdowns occur.

3) Implementation Plan
Around two weeks each will be spent on initial operational guidance at the times of installation adjustment,
testing and trial operation.

Table 2-13 Implementation Plan of Initial Control Guidance and Operation Guidance
Dec 2014 Jan. 2015 Feb. 2015 Remark

Installation of Equipment

Pre-Commissioning Test

Commissioning Test

2-2-5-9 Soft Component Plan

The Provincial Government of Ifugao will implement operation and maintenance of Likud mini hydropower
plant (820 W) constructed in the Project, and administration of the RTCF, which will be replenished by
earnings from the new power plant. The Philippine Department of Energy and provincial government are
working on developing the power plant operation and maintenance setup and securing the appropriate
administration of the RTCF. The Project goal of contributing to the rice terraces conservation program can
only be achieved through realizing the stable operation of Likud mini hydropower plant and appropriate
utilization of the RTCF, and since this is an important factor in determining the success or failure of the Project,
the soft component activities described below will be implemented in order to help the host local government
build its systems, etc. more certainly and effectively.

The soft component will target both the facilities and equipment that are constructed and installed in the Project.
For details, refer to the Soft Component Plan in Annex 5.

(1) Soft component objectives

The soft component will be conducted with the objectives of developing the organization and human resources
for conducting the stable operation and maintenance of Likud mini hydropower plant, which will be constructed
in the Project, and ensuring the appropriate administration of the RTCF in order to promote conservation of the
rice terraces.

(2) Soft component items

① Establishment of the power plant operation and maintenance setup
② Appropriate administration of the RTCF

2-36
(2) Outline of Soft Component Activities
① Establishment of the power plant operation and maintenance setup
The soft component will be implemented in tandem with the initial operation guidance (instruction on how to
handle the turbine, generator and control equipment) conducted by some of the makers. Eventually, guidance
will be conducted as follows so that the operators can perform general operation and maintenance of civil
engineering facilities and transmission equipment.

The training will basically be implemented over the following four stages between the start of site works to
before the completion inspection. Moreover, tests for gauging the contents of training will be implemented at
the end of each stage, and the results will be reflected in the final selection of operators, etc. The operator
training will basically be opened to graduates of industrial high schools (electrical, mechanical and civil
engineering), while plant supervisor training will be open to holders of electrical and mechanical engineer
qualifications (or their equivalent).

a. First stage: Immediately after the start of works (basic knowledge lectures on hydropower generation)
The targets of training will be selected immediately after the start of works.
The first stage will be implemented with the objective of imparting basic knowledge about hydropower
generation to the trainees. The specific contents of lectures will be as follows.
 Current conditions and issues of hydropower development in the Philippines
 Mechanism of hydropower generation
 Functions and roles of hydropower generation facilities
 Operation and maintenance of hydropower plants

b. Second stage: Headrace concrete works period (OJT in the construction works)
Through having trainees participate in the actual construction of Likud mini hydropower plant as laborers,
they will learn and understand about the structures and functions of the power house, major structures and
auxiliary equipment such as gate and so on, and they will be better equipped to handle repairs following the
start of operation.

c. Third stage: After the second stage (practical training in the existing Ambangal mini hydropower plant)
Operators from Ambangal mini hydropower plant will act as trainers while the trainees will work under
them as operation and maintenance assistants.

d. Fourth stage: Likud mini hydropower plant water flow test period (practical training in basic operations)
Practical training on plant operations will be conducted during the water flow testing.
In this stage, the training will be conducted as initial operation guidance by the engineers of the turbine,
generator and control equipment makers, while the consultant engineers will conduct guidance on deciding

2-37
 generation capacity in consideration of river flow and power demand and general operating methods for
civil engineering equipment, electrical and mechanical equipment and transmission and distribution
equipment.
Before the start of the fourth stage, engineers in Japan will prepare the operation and maintenance manual
that will be used to conduct the training.

③ Appropriate administration of the RTCF

a. Establishment of a working group for revising the existing guidelines
GSEP established guidelines for how to operate the RTCF. When revising these, a working group composed
of members from the province, municipality and barangay will be organized.

b. Grasping issues in the current guidelines

The working group will clarify problems in the current guidelines and examine countermeasures.
c. Guideline revision work
The working group will revise the current guidelines while taking the above problems and countermeasures
into consideration.
d. Approval of the revised guidelines
The revised guidelines will receive the official approval of the steering committee, and then a roadmap
geared to revision of the current provincial ordinance will be compiled.
Public education activities will be conducted jointly with the provincial agencies in accordance with the
revised guidelines.

(3) Soft Component Implementation Schedule

Table 2-14 Soft Component Implementation Schedule
Year 2013 2014 2015
Implementation
design
Works, etc.
Facilities works
schedule
Equipment
installation
Establishment of
O&M setup
Soft
Appropriate
component
administration of
the RTCF

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 2-2-5-10 Implementation Schedule

Implementation Schedule of the Project is shown in Table 2-15.

Table 2-15 Implementation Schedule of the Project

Year 2013 2014 2015
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4
Dry Season/Wet Season Dry Season
Approval of Japanese Cabinet ▽ Wet Season
Exchange Note(E/N) ▼
Grant Agreement（G/A) ▼
Selection of Consultant ▲
Detail Design
Site Investigation Works in Japan
Detail Design and Analysis
Preparation of Tender Documents
Preparation of Tender Documents Works In Philippines
Detail
Design Approval of The tender Documents
and Tender
Tender
Announce △
Mandatory Briefing
Tender ▲
Evaluation
Contract with Contractor △
Preparation Work including Center Line
Clearing and Grubbing
Diversion
Intake Weir
Concrete
Excavation
Intake Weir, Settling Basin
Concrete
Excavation
Headrace
Concrete
Civil Works

Excavation
Head-Tank
Concrete
Excavation
Spillway
Concrete
Construction

Excavation
Penstock
Installation
Access road
Power house, Tail race Excavation
Building
Clean up
Electrical and Mechanical

Turbine/Generator Design
Manufacture
Import/Custom clearance
Works

Land Transportation
Installation
Commissioning Test (w/o water)
Commissioning Test (with water)
Preparation Work
D/L

Construction 22kV line

Construction 400V line
Detail Design
Detail Design and Preparation of the Tender documents

Project Leader
Civil Engineer
Electrical and Mechanical Engineer
Distribution Line Engineer
Civil Engineer
Electrical and Mechanical Engineer
Distribution Line Engineer
Preparation of Tender Documents
Project Leader
Civil Engineer
Contract Manager
Consultant's Activities

Tender
Project Leader
Civil Engineer
Contract Manager
Project Leader
Construction Supervision

Civil Engineer A
Civil Engineer A
Civil Engineer C
Civil Engineer D
Civil Engineer E
Mechanical Engineer
Electrical Engineer
Distribution Line Engineer
Components

Civil Engineer
Electrical and Mechanical Engineer
Soft

Social Preparation
Total

2-39
2-3 Obligation of Recipient Country
In the Project, the following tasks will be the scope of works on the Philippine side.
(1) Signing of MOA
The JICA grant aid implementing agency is the Department of Energy (DOE), which will be responsible for
implementation from survey through to construction. However, because Ifugao Provincial Government will
conduct operation and maintenance of the hydropower plant after handover, it will be necessary for the DOE
and provincial government to exchange a memorandum to clarify the divisions of responsibility. The DOE
signed the MOA with PGI on February 11, 2013. The MOA describes outline of the Project and agreed duties
and responsibilities of DOE and PGI as summarized below. (the MOA is attached in Appendix-4(3))

(2) Authorization Procedure Concerning the Hydropower Development

In accordance with the Renewable Energy Act of the Philippines, various authorization procedures necessary
for the hydropower development will be conducted as shown in Table 2-16.

Table 2-16 Authorization Procedures Needed for the Hydropower Development

Responsible
Application/Authorization Necessary
Contents of Authorization Implementing Items to Consider in the Study
（Agencies for Clearance） Period
Agency
Approval by municipality, Give timely reports on the
1. LGU Endorsement 1 week at
barangay and provincial PGI survey progress and reach a
(PLGU,MLGU,Brangay) shortest
assemblies basic consensus.
Stage public explanation
2. Right of Way Land Around 3 meetings according to the
PGI
(Land Owners) acquisition/compensation months survey progress and reach a
basic consensus.
Ditto, and reporting on the
3. NCIP Certification FPIC Approval of indigenous survey progress to the National
PGI 55 days
(NCIP) people’s organizations Commission on Indigenous
People
4. Environment Compliance Demonstration of In the case of flow-in type, a
Around 20
Certificate environmental PGI Certificate of Non-Coverage
days
(DENR) compliance (CNC) is issued in a short time.
5. Water Rights Permit Around 1 Permission is conditional on the
Water rights PGI
(NWRB) month CNC already being acquired.
Coordinate and attain a basic
consensus with the distribution
cooperative and transmission
6. Energy Sales Agreement PGI & Around 2 company during the study
Power sale contract
(ERC) IFELCO months period. Finally, the contract is
confirmed on provision of the
ERC authorization stated
below.
7. Renewable Energy Service FS report and items 1, 3, 4, 5
Power plant operating
/ Operating Contract PGI 43 days and 6 above are required as
permission
(DOE) the attached documents.
FS report and items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
8. Certificate of Compliance Power sale price
PGI 60 days and 7 above are required as
(ERC) approval
the attached documents.

2-40
(3) Construction of the operation and maintenance setup (PGI)
The operation and maintenance setup for the mini hydropower plant will be constructed and staffed with
personnel who possess the necessary skills. During the construction period, as the Japanese side will conduct
technical training on operation and maintenance methods, the provincial government of Ifugao will need to
secure the required number of supervisors and operators through advertising both inside and outside of the
province.

(4) Operation of the Rice Terraces Conservation Fund (PGI)

In order to secure funds for conserving the rice terraces, the mini hydropower plant will be continuously
operated and funds will be used for conservation activities.

(5) Tariff exemption procedure (PGI)

When the Project is implemented, VAT budget measures will be taken. Also, during construction, procedure
will be taken to exempt tariffs imposed on products imported to the Philippines.

Concerning VAT on grant aid projects conducted after July 2000 in the Philippines, the governments of both
countries have agreed that, “VAT will not be exempted but will be borne by the implementing agency in the
Philippines (in this case the DOE).”
In the Project, the DOE and Survey Team held a number of discussions and the DOE promised to secure the
necessary budget.

(6) Procedure for issue of a banking agreement and authority to pay (DOE)
When the Project is implemented, a banking agreement and authorization to pay will be issued.

(7) Other points

- Exemption of taxes on overseas nationals including Japanese nationals involved with the Project (DOE)
- Bearing of all items not covered by Japan’s grant aid during implementation of the Project. (DOE)
- Coordination among relevant organizations and application/approval of necessary documents for
permits and licenses.

2-41
2-4 Project Operation Plan

2-4-1 Project Operation and Maintenance Setup

In Ifugao Province, Ambangal MHPP has been in operation since 2010 and is operated by the province. The
provincial government also manages the Rice Terraces Conservation Fund (RTCF), which is funded with
earnings from the sale of power generated at the plant.

As seen from power generated and power sale shown in Table 2-17 and approved RTCF project shown in
Table 2-18, total project cost is approximately 1.74 million peso and is funded by the income of power sale of
Ambangal MHPP (6.70 million peso). Remaining fund will be utilized for future conservation activities.

Table 2-17 Power Generated and Power Sale of Ambangal MHPP (Period: January, 2010 – July, 2012)
kWh Total Power
Billing Period Present Previous Total Power Penalty by
Comsumpti Rate/kWh 2%PPD Sales Paid by
Covered Reading Reading Sales IFELCO
on IFELCO
Jan. 24.10 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Feb 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
Mar 38.60 24.10 4,060 2.58 10,474.80 209.50 0 10,265.30
Apr 45.40 38.60 1,904 2.58 4,912.32 98.25 0 4,814.07
May 0.00 0.00 0 2.58 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
2010 Jun 93.90 45.40 13,580 2.58 35,036.40 700.73 0 34,335.67
Jul 388.10 93.90 82,376 2.58 212,530.08 4,250.60 0 208,279.48
Aug 785.60 388.10 111,300 2.58 287,154.00 5,743.08 0 281,410.92
Sep 1,192.20 785.60 113,848 2.58 293,727.84 5,874.56 0 287,853.28
Oct 1,556.10 1,192.20 101,892 2.58 262,881.36 5,257.63 0 257,623.73
Nov 2,044.40 1,556.20 136,696 2.58 352,675.68 7,053.51 0 345,622.17
Dec 2,525.90 2,044.40 134,820 2.58 347,835.60 6,956.71 0 340,878.89
2010 Sub-TOTAL 700,476 1,807,228.08 36,144.56 0 1,771,083.52
Jan. 3,046.00 2,525.90 145,628 2.58 375,720.24 7,514.40 0 368,205.84
Feb 3,452.30 3,046.00 113,764 2.58 293,511.12 5,870.22 0 287,640.90
Mar 3,750.10 3,452.30 83,384 2.58 215,130.72 4,302.61 0 210,828.11
Apr 4,060.40 3,750.10 86,884 2.58 224,160.72 4,483.21 0 219,677.51
May 4,186.40 4,060.40 35,280 2.58 91,022.40 1,820.45 0 89,201.95
2011 Jun 4,498.50 4,186.40 87,388 2.58 225,461.04 4,509.22 0 220,951.82
Jul 4,745.00 4,498.50 69,020 2.58 178,071.60 3,561.43 0 174,510.17
Aug 5,171.00 4,745.00 119,280 2.58 307,742.40 6,154.85 0 301,587.55
Sep 5,659.00 5,171.00 136,640 2.58 352,531.20 7,050.62 0 345,480.58
Oct 6,002.80 5,659.00 96,264 2.58 248,361.12 4,967.22 0 243,393.90
Nov 6,484.90 6,002.80 134,988 2.58 348,269.04 6,965.38 0 341,303.66
Dec 6,969.50 6,484.90 135,688 2.58 350,075.04 7,001.50 0 343,073.54
2011 Sub-TOTAL 1,244,208 3,210,056.64 64,201.13 3,145,855.51
Jan. 7,455.30 6,969.50 136,024 2.58 350,941.92 7,018.84 0.00 343,923.08
Feb 7,895.20 7,455.30 123,172 2.58 317,783.76 6,355.68 0 311,428.08
Mar 8,148.40 7,895.20 70,896 2.58 182,911.68 3,658.23 0 179,253.45
Apr 8,608.00 8,148.40 128,688 2.58 332,015.04 6,640.30 13,958.05 311,416.69
May 8,783.30 8,608.00 49,084 2.58 126,636.72 2,532.73 124,103.99
2012 Jun 9,120.20 8,783.30 94,332 2.58 243,376.56 4,867.53 48,790.04 189,718.99
Jul 9,527.40 9,120.20 114,016 2.58 294,161.28 5,883.23 0 288,278.05
2012 Sub-TOTAL 716212 1,847,827 36,956.54 62,748.09 1,748,122.33
TOTAL 2,660,896 6,865,111.68 137,302.23 62,748.09 6,665,061.36

2-42
 Table 2-18 List of Approved RTCF Project
Approved Cost
Project Title Project Location Imple. Office
Clients PLGU Total
1 2011 Rehab of Kapugan Baay CIS Ambabag, Kiangan 25,000 100,000 125,000 BLGU
2 2011 Rehab of Mongkilong Pindongan CIS Pindongan, Kiangan 25,000 100,000 125,000 BLGU
3 2011 Rehab of Umiyon CIS Mungayang, Kiangan 25,000 100,000 125,000 Kiangan MLGU
4 2011 Rehab of Holang & Carne CIS Nagacadan, Kiangan 125,000 125,000 Kiangan LGU
5 2011 Rehab of Nungkilat CIS Julongan, Kiangan 125,000 125,000 Ifugao PLGU
6 2011 Rehab of Lilin Pindongan CIS Pindongan, Kiangan 53,000 53,000 Ifugao PLGU
7 2011 Rehab of Fangki CIS Mayoyao Proper, Mayoyao 50,000 50,000 Ifugao PLGU
8 2011 Rehab of Agaddang Bayon CIS Batad, Banaue 100,000 100,000 Ifugao PLGU
9 2011 Rehab of Bolbol Bangaan CIS Bangaan, Banaue 170,765 170,765 Ifugao PLGU
10 2011 Rehab of Olohan Bukig CIS Bongan, Mayoyao 50,000 50,000 Ifugao PLGU
11 2011 Bakle Ad Kiangan Kiangan 32,000 32,000 Kiangan MLGU
12 2011 Reserch & Development for potential MH Province wide 52,935 52,935 Ifugao
2011 RTCF Approv ed 75,000 1,058,700 1,133,700
13 2012 Aid to Umiyon CIS Mungayang, Kiangan 33,913 33,913 BLGU
14 2012 Staging the bakle ad Ambabag Ambabag, Kiangan 33,913 33,913 BLGU
15 2012 Improvement of the Lohob CIS Pindongan, Kiangan 33,913 33,913 BLGU
16 2012 Tattawang CIS Pindongan, Kiangan 103,306 103,306 Kiangan MLGU
17 2012 Nakahakan CIS Nagacadan, Kiangan 168,000 168,000 Kiangan MLGU
18 2012 Lamag Picdot CIS Canal Riprap Hapao, Hungduan 100,000 100,000 Ifugao PLGU
19 2012 Rehab. Of Pulla Lubina CIS Hapao, Hungduan 171,306 171,306 Ifugao PLGU
20 2012 Reserch & Development for potential MH Province wide 33,913 33,913 Ifugao PLGU
2012 RTCF Approv ed 678,264
TOTAL 1,736,964

A new organization that includes newly recruited operators will be responsible for the operation and
maintenance of the Likud MHPP in the Project. The new organization will form part of the overall
management structure illustrated in Fig 2-13. As shown in Fig. 2-13, while PPDO will be the
administration/responsible body of the Project, actual supervising/management will be done by the Steering
Committee which consists of relevant organizations of the Province.

Meanwhile, the management of funds raised from the sale of power generated at Likud MHPP will be
conducted within the current organization. (However, revision of the fund operation guidelines and provincial
ordinance will be required; see Chapter 2 section 2-2-5-9 Soft Component Plan).

Steering Committee Audit

Monitoring & Evaluation

Technical Secretariat
Group

Head of
PACCO & Plant Manager
PTO Head of PPDO

Support Service Staff Ambangal MHPP Likud MHPP Head of ICHO

Division PACCO: Provincial Accounting Office
Bookkeeper/Mgt. Plant Supervisor Plant Supervisor
Audit Analyst PTO : Provincial Treasury Office ：
(PACCO) Technical Staff
Administrative Aide Administrative Aide
PPDO :Provincial Planning and
Cashier/Revenue Development Office
Collecting Officer
(PTO) Plant Operator Plant Operator ICHO : Ifugao Cultural Heritage Office

Fig. 2-13 Project Management Setup

2-43
 Table 2-19 Roles in Operation of the Power Plant and Rice Terraces Conservation Fund
Organization/Office Name Role Members
Steering Committee  General supervision of power  Provincial Governor
plant operation and  11 municipal mayors
maintenance and rice terraces  Ifugao Provincial Assembly
conservation and maintenance Representative
 Formulation of operation and  Kiangan Municipal Assembly
maintenance regulations  Mayors of 3 beneficiary barangay
 Formulation of annual budget  1 NGO
Technical Secretariat  Support for formulation of  Provincial Planning and
operation and maintenance Development Office
regulations  Provincial Governor’s Office
 Support of Steering Committee  Provincial Legal Office
activities  Provincial Assembly Secretary’s
Office
Monitoring & Evaluation Group  Monitoring and evaluation of  Provincial Engineering Office
rice terrace conservation  Provincial Agriculture Environment
activities Natural Resources Office
 Provincial Governor’s Office
 1 NGO
Audit  Implementation of annual  Provincial Audit Office
accounting audit
 Reporting of audit results
Accounts and disbursements  Support of financial  Provincial Accounting Office
(PACCO & PTO) management of Ambangal  Provincial Treasury Office
MHPP
 Preparation of accounting
reports
 Confirmation of balance status
with PPDO and ICHO
Provincial Planning and
Development Office (PPDO)
Plant Manager  Person responsible for power  Provincial Planning and
plant operation and Development Office Director
maintenance and rice terraces
conservation and maintenance
Plant Supervisor  Person responsible for  Provincial Planning and
operation and maintenance of Development Office member
Ambangal MHPP
 Confirmation of generated
electric energy
 Preparation of monthly report
 Confirmation of operation stop
times
Ambangal operators  Power plant operation and  Provincial Planning and
maintenance Development Office member
 Routine plant inspections
 Recording of generated electric
energy
 Preparation of inspection
reports
 Preparation of weekly reports
Administration aid  Balance control records  Provincial Planning and
concerning hydropower plant Development Office member
operation and maintenance and
the rice terraces conservation
fund
Ifugao Cultural Heritage Office  Support of conservation  Jurisdiction will switch from the
(ICHO) activities under the rice terraces Provincial Governor’s Office to the
conservation fund PPDO in 2011. However, there are
 Support of local residents in no full-time staff; rather, all the ICHO
preparing application forms to staff members are contracted.
utilize funds
 Support of barangay
development plan preparation
 Monitoring and evaluation of
rice terrace conservation
activities by local residents

2-44
2-4--2 Power Plant Operation and Maintenance Setup
In discussions with the DOE and provincial government during the preparatory survey, the operation and
maintenance setup of the power plant was confirmed as shown in Fig2-14. Table 2-18 indicates the roles of
each staff member.

Fig.2-14 Likud Mini Hydropower Plant Operation and Maintenance Setup

Table 2-20 Hydropower Plant Operation and Maintenance Personnel

Position Department Role
Plant Manager (1) Director of the Person responsible for general operation and
Provincial Planning management of the power plant and the Rice Terraces
and Development Conservation Fund (combined with duties at Ambangal
Office (PPDO) MHHP)
Plant Supervisors (2: electrical and Provincial Planning Person responsible for operation and maintenance of the
mechanical) and Development hydropower plant
Office employees Electrical engineer and mechanical engineer
(PPDO)
Plant operators (6) Provincial Planning Operation and maintenance of the hydropower plant
and Development 8-hour shifts by teams of 2
Office employees Patrolling of the headrace, head tank and intake
(PPDO) equipment, and periodic inspection of the water turbine
and generator
Recording of generated electrical energy
Line operator (1) Provincial Planning Patrolling inspection and maintenance of grid-connection
and Development line
Office employee
(PPDO)
Office staff (1) Provincial Planning Balance control for the hydropower plant
and Development Requesting power sales to IFECLO
Office employee Allocation management of the Rice Terraces Conservation
(PPDO) Fund

2-45
2-5 Project Cost Estimation
The total cost of Project implementation was estimated based on the conditions indicated in (3) below.
However, this amount does not represent the grant limit stated in the E/N.

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation

(1) Cost burden on the Japanese side
. This cannot be disclosed until the construction and procurement contracts are certified

(2) Cost burden on the Philippine side

Table 2-21 shows the cost items, contents and amounts on the Philippine side. The amount to be borne by the
Department of Energy, which is the responsible agency for the Project, is equivalent to approximately 1.2% of
its budget for fiscal 2011 (1,366 million pesos). Also, because the burden for Ifugao Provincial Government,
which is the Project implementing and operating agency, corresponds to approximately 5.6% of its
development budget of 116 million pesos (2011), the Project is deemed to be affordable for both agencies.

Table 2-21 Cost Burden of the Philippines

Cost Item/Contents Amount (1000 pesos) Remarks
Commission based on the bank agreement (A/P
commission fee, B/A commission fee) 469 Department of Energy

VAT on locally procured materials 15,953 Ditto

FPIC, environmental compliance certificate, water rights,
approval by the Energy Regulatory Commission, operating
contract, etc.
Subtotal 16,422
Land acquisition cost 1,000 Ifugao Province
Authorization fees 1,700 Ditto
Initial year operating expenses (personnel expenses repair 3,793 Ditto
cost, etc.)
Subtotal 6,493
Total 22,915

(3) Estimation conditions

① Estimation point: October 2012
② Exchange rate: 1.0 Php = 2.03 JPY (mean rate for the past 6 months at the estimation point)
③ Price fluctuation factor
The price fluctuation factor from the estimation point to the tender month was calculated as follows
based on the IMF inflation average consumer prices for 2011 and 2012. As a result, the price fluctuation
factor came to 1.033.

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 ④ Construction and procurement period
Table 2-15 shows the detailed design and the construction schedule.
⑤ Others
Estimation was implemented based on the Government of Japan’s Grant Aid scheme.

Table 2-22 Setting of Exchange Rate (JPY/Php) and Price Fluctuation Factor
Month 2012 April May June July August September Mean

JPY/Php 2.07 2.02 2.01 2.04 2.03 2.03 2.03

According to Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. “Customer Foreign Exchange Rates Published by
Mitsubishi Tokyo UFJ Bank” and “Local Reference Foreign Exchange Rates”

2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost

Ifugao Provincial Government, which is the implementing and operating agency for the Project, has conducted
the operation and maintenance of Ambangal mini hydropower plant without any problems since it began
operation in 2010. As with this Project, the purpose of developing Ambangal was to secure funds for the RTCF,
and since the turbine and generating equipment here are Japanese products and the civil engineering facilities
specifications are similar to those in the Project, the local side possesses the basic capability for maintaining the
Project. If technical guidance on mini hydropower plant operation and maintenance can be implemented
through the soft component of the Project and the RTCF administration system can be strengthened and
boosted with additional funds from the Project, it should be possible to implement the Project operation and
maintenance and administer the RTCF without much trouble.

It is estimated that the annual total revenue from power sales by Likud mini hydropower plant will be
approximately 19.4 million pesos/year, while the cost of maintenance will be approximately 3.8 million
pesos/year. Since the maintenance cost will only correspond to around 20% of the total power sales revenue, it
will be affordable.
Table 2-23 Power Plant Operation and Maintenance Cost
Type Personnel Numbers Monthly Unit Cost (Php) Annual Cost (Php)
Power plant Plant Supervisor 2 18,000 432,000
operation Operator 6 15,000 1,080,000
Maintenance Line operator 1 12,000 144,000
personnel Office staff 1 10,000 120,000
expenses Subtotal 10 - 1,776,000
Repair cost 2,020,000
Total 3,796,000
Note) Since the plant manager will combine duties with his existing position at Ambangal MHHP and is already a
provincial government employee, he is not included above.
Since operation of the RTCF is handled by an existing provincial government employee, it is not included above

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 Chapter 3 Project Evaluation

3-1 Preconditions
The necessary permits and approval must be obtained from the following relevant agencies before the mini
hydropower plant can go into operation.

In the Project, the Provincial Government of Ifugao (PGI) will need to advance the procedures for permits and
approvals without delay in accordance with the Project progress. The time required for permit and approval
procedures and the items that need to be considered in the Project are as indicated in Chapter 2 Table 2-15.

(1) Local Government Units Endorsement: from LGUs

(2) Land Acquisition / Right of Way : from Land Owners
(3) Certificate of NCIP/FPIC: from National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP)
(4) Environmental Compliance Certificate :from Environmental Management Bureau(EMB-DENR)
(5) Water Right Permit: from National Water Resources Board (NWRB)
(6) Energy Sales Agreement: from Ifugao Electric Cooperative (IFELCO)
(7) Renewable Energy Service / Operation Contract: from Department of Energy (DOE)
(8) Certificate of Compliance: from Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC)

The following paragraphs give an outline of permit and approval applications and the current situation
regarding procedures for Likud mini hydropower project.

(1) LGUs: LGU Endorsement

All administrative bodies at the provincial, municipal and barangay levels must be approached by the project
implementing body to provide support, approval and relevant resolutions in writing. It will be necessary for the
project implementing body to explain the planned contents of the project to the assembly of each LGU and/or
communities (through community consultation meetings). The said body must submit documents, including a
survey report, location map of the project site and planned contents of the project, with a view to obtaining
approval. The said body must also obtain various permits, including a business permit, power plant operation
permit and building permit, during the implementation of the project.

Concerning Likud mini hydropower development project, the Survey Team and PGI jointly held barangay
consultation seven (7) times in total (FS study period: 4 times, preparatory survey period: 3 times), and they
have already obtained the approval of the barangay (No.89-2012). Also, basic understanding has been obtained
through conducting meetings to explain the project outline to the municipal and provincial assemblies (once
each during the FS and preparatory survey).

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(2) Land Acquisition/ Right of Way
All of the land intended for Likud mini hydropower development project is privately owned, however, almost
all the landowners have consented to offering their land for the Project (see Chapter 1 Sectioon 1-3 for details).

(3) NCIP: NCIP Certification

The Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA Law; Act No. 8371) demands that any development in areas
inhabited by indigenous people must obtain FPIC (free and prior informed consent) certification by means of
disclosing the project contents and any other relevant information to stake holding communities of indigenous
people. When the general consent of such communities is obtained based on the FPIC certification mechanism,
the NCIP issues a Certification Precondition (CP) to the project implementing body.

Concerning Likud mini hydropower development project, application for the FPIC has already been made and
the first NCIP meeting with local residents has already finished (three meetings are required). The FPIC
activities are scheduled to finish and a certificate will be issued by NCIP soon.

(4) EMB-DENR: Environment Compliance Certificate

The EMB is responsible for the issue of an environment compliance certificate in response to an application
lodged by a project implementing body. There is an agreement between the DOE and DENR that the
Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) arrangement is applicable to power generation projects of which the scale
of development is 1.0 MW or lower. An application for a CNC must be accompanied by a project description
report. According to the Procedural Manual for Environmental Impact Statement System (DAO 03-30), the
CNC process is applicable to all run-of-river type hydropower generation projects regardless of the
development scale for which the submission of a project description report is required.

Concerning Likud mini hydropower development project, PGI is currently applying for issue of a CNC, and
the EMB is expected to issue this soon.

(5) NWRB: Water Rights Permit

The NWRB issues a water rights permit to authorize a hydropower generating project which is classified under
a special category of river water use to take a certain amount of water from the river concerned for the purpose
of power generation. The CNC mentioned in c) above is required to obtain this water rights permit. After
obtaining a permit, the project implementation body must pay an annual fee for its water use.

Concerning the Project, PGI will need to implement the permit application procedure following the official
decision to implement the Project (E/N and G/A) and issue of CNC.

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(6) DOE: Renewable Energy Service/ Operating contract
The Renewable Energy Act (Act No. 9513) makes the DOE responsible for the supervision of all renewable
energy development projects in the Philippines. The DOE issues permits concerning pre-development
contracts for an investigation and service/operating contracts for a project implementation. Based on the same
Act No. 9513, the DOE also provides some incentives, including special tax exemption, for developers to
facilitate the development of renewable energy.

In the case of the Project, the DOE is the Project responsible agency and there is no need for a
pre-development contract, however, it is necessary for PGI to obtain permission for the operating contract by
the end of construction.

(7) PGI&IFELCO: Energy Sales Agreement (ESA)

In the Project, work has progressed up to the energy sales agreement between PGI and IFELCO (it is necessary
to bind the ESA. Both agencies have started working together on preparing the draft contract and reaching
basic agreement on the power purchase price (4.35 peso/kWh)).

(8) ERC: Certificate of Compliance (Approval of Unit Energy Sales Cost)

In accordance with the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (Act No. 9136), the ERC examines whether or not
the wholesale unit price of electricity is appropriate and issues a certificate of compliance. A project
implementation body must obtain this COC prior to the start of operation.

In the Project, ERC approval must be obtained by the end of construction. PGI (the Project operator) is the
applying party, and the DOE plans on supporting the application procedure and providing additional
explanations to the ERC.

Official Permit Process

Project Component LGUs
Project Document LGU Endorsement
(F/S Report)
NCIP
NCIP Certification

EMB-DENR NWRB DOE

Environment Water Rights Renewable Energy
Compliance P it Service/ Operating
C ifi C

ERC
Time Certificate of
Compliance

ESA: Energy Sales Agreement

Fig. 3-1 Mini-hydro Permit Process Flow

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3-2 Necessary Input by Recipient Country
The items that need to be implemented by the Philippine side in order to achieve the overall Project plan are
separately described below according to the DOE (the implementer) and PGI (the cooperation agency).

The items to be inputted by the DOE and PGI during Project construction are listed below. The DOE will
basically assume responsibility until the completion of construction, while PGI will be responsible for
operating the facilities after the operation and maintenance setup in Ifugao Province has been confirmed
following completion.

3-2-1 Inputs of DOE

① Cooperation with JICA concerning the Project implementation
② Support for legal procedures by PGI
③ Verification of the relevance of Project contents
④ Support for consensus building activities by PGI
⑤ Support for training of operators, etc.
⑥ Ownership of the power generating facilities (completion of construction ~ handover to PGI)
⑦ Support for power plant operation and maintenance conducted by PGI
⑧ Bearing of VAT and handling of import tariff exemptions, etc. (see Chapter 2 Section 2-3)
⑨ Opening of bank account and bearing of commission fees, etc. based on the banking agreement (see
Chapter 2 Section 2-3).

3-2-2 Inputs of PGI

① Land appropriation
② Legal procedures
③ Consensus building among residents
④ Support for training of operators, etc.
⑤ Revision of the RTCF administration guidelines
⑥ Bearing of costs linked to power plant maintenance and administration of the RTCF (see Chapter 2
Section 2-3).

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3-3 Important Assumption
The Project aims to expand the RTCF, and the external conditions for achieving this are described below.
(1) Weather conditions
The Project entails construction of a flow-in hydropower plant, while the RTCF is dependent on the amount of
electricity that can be generated in the power plant. Moreover, the generated amount of power is impacted by
the size of river flow. There is a flow observation post that has observed flow conditions for a relatively long
time near to the Project site, and the estimated flow is deemed to be sufficient, however, as was indicated in
Chapter 2 Figure 2-8, the local weather conditions (rainfall) fluctuate in cycles of four or five years and serious
dry spells occur once every 8~11 years.
Operation is schedule to commence in January 2015, however, it is difficult to predict how weather conditions
will change beyond that, and the Project effect will be influenced by weather conditions.

(2) Power sale price

Because the RTCF is funded by returns from power sales, the power sale price will be a major determinant of
Project effect.

In the project, the feed-in-tariff (FIT, power sale price in the case of flow-in hydropower = 5.90 peso/kWh) that
was officially approved on July 26, 2012 may be applied, and IFELCO is considered as the purchaser of power
for the following reasons. Concerning the power sale price, PGI and IFELCO came to agreement on a figure
of 4.35 peso/kWh in the stakeholders meeting held during the preparatory survey period.

 The technical inter-connection conditions in the case where the FIT is adopted have not yet been
clarified.
 The FIT system intends to promote entry of IPPS to the hydropower generation market, but there is
concern that it cannot be applied to activities such as the Project where the DOE is the implementer.
 One of the Project objectives is to “make a contribution to the stabilization of power supply in Ifugao
Province” including reducing power tariffs, however, if the FIT is adopted, no contribution can be made
to reducing power tariffs in the province.

Power sale prices other than the FIT need to be officially approved by the Energy Regulatory Commission
(ERC). In the case of Ambangal mini hydropower plant, which was developed with similar objectives to the
Project, the ERC eventually decided to adopt a tariff of 2.59 peso/kWh, which was far below the 4.00
peso/kWh that was basically agreed between PGI and IFELCO, and this has remained unchanged ever since.

3-5
 The ERC has decided to treat the Project as a general commercial power generating activity but it doesn’t
recognize a power sale price higher than the generating cost. However, because the power generating activity
in the Project is a means of securing funds for the RTCF, it is inappropriate to treat it like an ordinary
commercial activity, and it will be necessary for the DOE, which requested the grant aid, to quickly address
this issue in coordination with the ERC1.

1
This matter was also pointed out by the province side in discussions with the provincial assembly implemented during
the field surveys. During this meeting, the DOE committed to coordinating with the ERC. Also, the Undersecretary (Mr.
Atty. Jose M. Layug, Jr. at the time) promised to coordinate with the ERC immediately.

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3-4 Project Evaluation

3-4-1 Relevance
For the Philippines, which rely on imported fossil fuels to provide half of its power requirement,
implementation of the Project is expected to promote the utilization of water resources-based renewable energy,
contribute to improving energy security and help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, since this mini
hydropower activity geared to promoting utilization of renewable energy is also compatible with the energy
policy of the Philippines, the Project is deemed to be relevant.

Moreover, in the Project, it is planned to utilize the profits acquired from power sales for conserving the World
Heritage rice terraces of Ifugao via the RTCF. Doing so will also make a contribution to preserving tourism
resources and will be significant in terms of promoting environmental conservation and local economic
development.

At the same time, through adding to the experience of Japanese mini hydropower equipment makers, which
possess technical capability but are having difficulty making overseas advances, the Project will contribute to a
new growth strategy that is based on the promotion of technical dissemination and overseas extension.

3-4-2 Effectiveness
The anticipated outputs of Project implementation are as follows.

(1) Quantitative effects

According to the policy that was described in Chapter 2 Section 2-2-1(6), the quantitative effect indicators for
evaluating the Project effect have been set as shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Quantitative Effect Indicators

Reference Value Target Value (2018)
Indicator
(2012) [3 years after Project completion]

Generated electrical energy at the generating end

0 4,451
(MWh/year)

Contribution to CO2 emissions reduction (tCO2/year)

0 2,167
(generating end)

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(2) Qualitative Effects
The following qualitative effects can be anticipated from implementation of the Project.

Qualitative Effects: The profit which will be secured from electricity sales of Likud Mini-Hydropower plant,
will contribute to conservation of Ifugao tourism resources including rice terraces of
World Heritage.

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