LQ2 Des Aid Ugrd

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Step-by-Step Procedure for Obtaining the Pressure Diagram for Cantilever

Sheet-Pile Wall Penetrating a Granular Soil
Calculation of Maximum Bending Moment
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Sheet-Pile wall in Dry Sand
where:
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Step-by-Step Procedure for Obtaining the Pressure Diagram Cantilever
Sheet-Pile Wall Penetrating Clay
Calculation of Maximum Bending Moment
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Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Clay
Cantilever Sheet Piles Penetrating Sandy Soil—A Simplified Approach
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Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls
Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Sandy Soil—A Simplified
Approach
Taking the moment about O,
Design Charts for Free Earth Support Method (Penetration into Sandy Soil)
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Variation of GD with l1/(L1 + L2) and ϕ’ (Based on Hagerty, D. J. and Nofal, M. M. (1992).
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Variation of CDL1 with l1/(L1 + L2) and ϕ’ (Based on Hagerty, D. J. and Nofal, M.
M. (1992).
Variation of GF with l1/(L1 + L2) and ϕ’ (Based on Hagerty, D. J. and Nofal, M. M. (1992).
Variation of CFL1 with l1/(L1 + L2) and ϕ’ (Based on Hagerty, D. J. and Nofal, M. M. (1992).
Variation of GM with l1/(L1 + L2) and ϕ’ (Based on Hagerty, D. J. and Nofal, M. M. (1992).
Variation of CML1 with l1/(L1 + L2) and ϕ’ (Based on Hagerty, D. J. and Nofal, M. M. (1992).
Computational Pressure Diagram Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil
An anchor sheet-pile wall with a Computational pressure Diagram

granular soil backfill method (Note: L1 + L2 = L)
Range of Values for C and R
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Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay
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Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design
 Design of cuts in sand
Peck’s (1969) apparent-pressure

envelope for cuts in sand
 Cuts in Clay
The pressure envelope for soft to medium clay is shown and
is applicable to the condition:
Peck’s (1969) apparent- pressure envelope

for cuts in soft to medium clay
The pressure envelope for cuts in stiff clay is shown, in which:
It is applicable to the condition γH/c < 4.
Peck’s (1969) apparent-pressure envelope for

cuts in stiff clay
Pressure Envelope for Cuts in Layered Soil
Layered soil in braced cuts
where γc is the saturated unit weight of clay layer.
Layered soil in braced cuts
Depth of tensile crack:
With ϕ = 0, Ka = tan2(45 – ϕ/2) = 1, so:

Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut
 Strut
Step 1. Depending on the soil, assume one of the three apparent-pressure envelopes.
Step 2. The assumption of hinges makes it possible to separate the pressure diagram into a
series of cantilever (top and bottom) and simply supported (the middle ones) beams.
Step 3. With center-to-center horizontal strut spacing of s, the strut loads can be
summarized as follows.
Step 4. Knowing the strut loads at each level and the intermediate bracing conditions allows
selection of the proper sections from the steel construction manual.
 Sheet Piles
Step 1. For each of the sections shown, determine the maximum bending moment.
Step 2. Determine the maximum value of the maximum bending moments (Mmax) obtained
in Step 1. Note that the unit of this moment will be, for example, kN-m/m length of the
wall.
Step 3. Obtain the required section modulus of the sheet piles, namely:
Step 4. Choose a sheet pile having a section modulus greater than or equal to the required
section modulus from a table such as Table 18.1
 Wales
Bottom Heave of a Cut in Clay
Heaving in braced cuts in clay (ϕ= 0)
Force on the buried length of sheet pile

Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand
Determining the factor of safety against piping by drawing a flow net

Stability of the bottom of a cut in sand
Where:
a = length of the flow element at A (or B)
Nd = number of drops
Variation of modulus (Based on Groundwater and Seepage, by M. E. Harr. McGraw-Hill, 1962)
Perform the following steps:

1. Determine the modulus, m, from Variation of modulus by obtaining 2L2/B (or B/2L2) and
2L1/B.
2. With the known modulus and 2L1/B, examine Variation of maximum exit gradient with
modulus and determine L2imax(exit)/h. Because L2 and h will be known, imax(exit) can be calculated.
3. The factor of safety against piping can be evaluated by using:
Variation of maximum exit gradient with modulus (Based on Groundwater and Seepage, by M. E. Harr. McGraw-Hill, 1962)

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1

Step-by-Step Procedure for Obtaining the Pressure Diagram for Cantilever

Calculation of Maximum Bending Moment

Calculation of Maximum Bending Moment

Cantilever Sheet Piles Penetrating Sandy Soil—A Simplified Approach

Taking the moment about O,

An anchor sheet-pile wall with a Computational pressure Diagram

Range of Values for C and R

Peck’s (1969) apparent-pressure

Peck’s (1969) apparent- pressure envelope

The pressure envelope for cuts in stiff clay is shown, in which:

It is applicable to the condition γH/c < 4.

Peck’s (1969) apparent-pressure envelope for

Layered soil in braced cuts

where γc is the saturated unit weight of clay layer.

Layered soil in braced cuts

Depth of tensile crack:

With ϕ = 0, Ka = tan2(45 – ϕ/2) = 1, so:

Heaving in braced cuts in clay (ϕ= 0)

Force on the buried length of sheet pile

Determining the factor of safety against piping by drawing a flow net

Perform the following steps:

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