GEE- PMT MODULE 4

TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
Week 5-6

"You’re a teacher. You know how to

help people learn hard stuff. Do
that."
-Professor Rob Coe

___________________________________________________________________

I. Objectives: After working on this module, you will be able to:

1. Identify and explain the elements of teaching-learning process

2. Demonstrate understanding of diversity of learners as inputs to
planning and designing learning opportunities
3. Explain the significance of the teacher having several roles in the
classroom
4. Reason out why teaching-learning process cannot be performed if any
of its elements is missing

II. Introduction
This module focuses on the factors or elements of teaching-learning
process namely the learner, the teacher and the learning environment. The
learner is the core of the teaching-learning process. They are considered the
primary subject or the main reason why the process takes place. In order to
understand the learners, there is a need to delve on several main issues such as
the factors affecting the cognitive development of children, earning styles and
preferences. Teachers are considered as the prime mover of the educational
process. They are the ones who facilitate the whole process of learning in the
classroom. They assume varied roles and have professional attributes and good
personal qualities. Learning environment is a venue for social interaction that
include ways of doing things, solving problems, and acquiring information. One
of the most important tasks of a teacher is to create an effective learning
environment. If the classroom is an effective learning environment, learners will

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 1 of 15

achieve more, acquire more positive attitudes, and be equipped with basic solid
skills that they can apply throughout their lives.

III. Discussion

Teaching and learning involves the process of transferring knowledge from

the one who is giving to the one who is receiving. Teaching process cannot be
performed if there is one element that is missing among the three of the teaching
and learning elements. These elements are necessary to be able to make teaching
and learning possible. Without any of these elements, there could be no real
teaching or learning process that will exist. It is so important that these elements
are present in the process of teaching, considering that all of them play an
important role in the system. It is being considered that learning occur when
there is established relationship among these three elements. The teaching as
well as the learning activity depends upon how these elements works
together.http://varron.expertscolumn.com/article/elements-teaching-and-learning-
process

Elements of Teaching –Learning Process

1. The Learner
• the key participant in the learning process.
• the subject of the schooling process. Without him, the educational
system will not exist.
• The core of the teaching-learning process
• It is from him that resolves all activities related to classroom activities
❖ To make teaching effective and learning productive, the teacher must know
the nature of the child to be motivated, directed, guided, and evaluated.
To understand the child, the teacher must know:
1. the child as a biological organism with needs, abilities, and goals
2. the social and psychological environment
3. the cultural forces of which he is a part

Task #1. Read carefully the statement below. How do you react to this?
And finally as a learning preferences side note and tip to beginning teachers on
effectively responding to students’ learning needs – no matter how much students’ ipod
earphones in ears may appear rude to you, just let it go, and go with it – because
listening to music whilst they work is actually just another learning preference that
can enhance 21st century students’ learning. (honest!).

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 2 of 15

 Learning Styles and Preferences - The classroom or environmental conditions
that students prefer to learn

Your mastery of the different learning styles will help you to think
and plan of the most appropriate strategies in class to make your lesson
interesting and engaging. Aside from understanding the learning types of
your learners you also must understand the theory of multiple
intelligences which is directly related to addressing learning styles. The
theory on multiple intelligences identifies linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic,
interpersonal, existential, logical-mathematical, musical, naturalist,
spatial, and intrapersonal intelligence as related concepts to the learning
styles of your diverse learners.

Task 2 : Can you identify what learning style you are best at?
Answer: _______________________________________________________

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 3 of 15

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by Dr.

Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=example+of+9+multiple+intelligences&dcr=0&sou
rce=lnms&tbm=isc
h&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjez5WN76PWAhVKppQKHWsyBJEQ_AUICigB&biw=1686
&bih=836&dpr=1.13#imgr c=qBHmNF1kV11FHM:

1. Spatial Intelligence– these learners think in images and are called “Picture
Smart”
2. Musical Intelligence – these are the musicians and singers of our world
called “Music Smart”
3. Linguistic Intelligence – having a way with words, these are called “Word
Smart” (both in speech and writing)
4. Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence – These learners have good body control like
physical exercise and working with their hands. They use a lot of gestures
while talking and are called “Body Smart”

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 4 of 15

 5. Logical- mathematical intelligence – These learners excel at Science and
Math and are called “Number Smart”
6. interpersonal Intelligence – These are people persons. They like to be
around people and are called “People Smart”
7. intrapersonal Intelligence – Learners with intrapersonal intelligence are
very introspective and independent. They like being alone and are called
“Self-Smart”.
8. Natural Intelligence - observing, understanding, and organizing patterns in
the natural environment. They are called “Nature Smart”.

Recognizing the diversity of learning styles allows for all students to

contribute to the academic conversation in a way that supports
individuation and differentiated instruction

https://magistersapiens.wordpress.com/2-responding-effectively-to-students-learning-needs-in-your-
classroom/

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 5 of 15

 REMEMBER THIS

1. There is no single/definite learning style. There is a mix of learning styles

for everyone.
2. Some people have dominant style of learning with far less use of other
styles.
3. Others may use different styles in different circumstances. There is no
right combination.
4. Styles that are developed can still be further improved for learning
enhancement.

Task 3: What is your learning style? (to be posted in MS Teams as an assignment)

I am a ____________________. I learn best when __________

_______________________________________________________.
Things like____________________________ help me in my learning
process. As aabout
Guidelines _______________
learning Styles learner, I enjoy __ ____________.

Factors affecting Cognitive Development of children

A. Biological Factors
1. Senses – sense organs receive stimuli from the environment. When
sense organs are defective they collect defective stimuli and, as a result,
wrong concepts are formed. Cognitive development will not be perfect.
2. Intelligence – the ability to learn about, learn from, understand and
effectively interrelate with one’s environment.
• Intelligent children have better cognitive development.
• Low intelligence quotient makes children unable to receive from
the environment.
3. Heredity – cognitive development is influenced by the hereditary traits
one gets from his parents.
4. Maturation – the process to cope and respond in an emotionally
appropriate way.

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 ▪ Maturation may not be necessarily realized along with aging or
physical growth, but it is a part of growth and development. It is
continuous, it does not stop when physical growth ends, it continues
through adulthood.
B. Environmental Factors
1. Learning Opportunities – the more opportunities the learner gets, the
better is the cognition
2. Economic Status – learners from better economic status get more
opportunities and better training.
3. Play is also important in developing cognition
4. Various Types of stimuli – stimuli from the environment through his
senses and perceives their meanings; instructions and motivation also
help in the cognitive development of the learner.
5. Family and Society

2. Teacher
Task #3: Share your thoughts on this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y0JdnVYqZ4

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Meet and instruct assigned classes designated time and place

Maintain classroom environment conducive to learning within limits of
source
Prepare for classes assigned, show written evidence of preparation
Assist students in setting and maintaining standards of classroom
behavior
Evaluate student progress on a regular basis
Maintain accurate, complete, and correct records as required by law
Assist in selecting books, equipment

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Roles of Teacher in the teaching-Learning Process

❖ Manager - As manager, the teacher is responsible for the effective

management of her class from the start to the finish. The teacher carries
throughout the day systematic activities to develop the pupils'
cognitive, psychomotor, and effective aspects of the teaching-learning
process. The pupils' eagerness and interest, therefore, to participate in
all the learning activities prepared and conducted by the teachers in the
classroom is a manifestation of an orderly classroom management by
the teacher-manager.

❖ Leader. A teacher always assumes the position of a leader and he has to

be credible in this regard. A leader directs, coaches, supports, and
delegates depending on the needs of the situation. A leader is always
looked upon as somebody dependable and responsible. He should,
therefore, manifest the highest leadership potentials demanded of his
role as teacher and leader. The teacher should set the example to
emphasize his role of being a leader. He should also be aware that to be
a good leader, he must first be a good follower

❖ Surrogate Parent. In the school, the teachers are the parents of the
pupils/students. Parents have a feeling of security knowing that their
children are in good hands. Added to their main function of developing
the pupils intellectually, teachers are also expected to train the pupils
socially and emotionally and to look after their physical and mental
wellbeing. In school, teachers take over the role of the parents, attending
to the needs of the pupils and offering them the comforts away from
home. In the process, he guarantees that the individual rights of the
pupils to education and safety are respected.

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 8 of 15

❖ Counselor. Every teacher is a guidance teacher. He acts as counselor to the
pupils especially when the pupils are beset by problems. In general, teachers
comfort and make the pupils feel they have a ready shoulder to cry on. As
counselor, the teacher religiously keeps tab of all the activities of the children
under his care, carefully noting important information regarding the
children's moods, health, and progress in their studies that will help him
assess the over-all performance of the learners.

❖ Model. A teacher is an exemplar. He serves as model to his pupils. Pupils

idolize teachers; they believe the things the teacher says, especially if the
teacher is kind, approachable, and sympathetic to their needs. As a
model, the teacher must look his best all the time, master his lessons,
show his interest in the children's welfare, show good behavior, and show
his interest in the children's welfare, show good behavior, and inculcate
good work and attitudes, especially during trying moments inside the
classroom; be fair in dealing with pupils; and exhibit good judgment when
the situation calls for it.

❖ Public Relations Specialist. The credibility of the school is attributed most

of the time to the ways the teachers deal with people outside the school,
like the schools' benefactors, parents of the pupils, church leaders,
government employees, and others. The teacher, in his role as a public
relations specialist, will be able to solicit important donations in cash or
in kind for the development of both the school and the pupils. More than
this, the teacher who has good public relations will always make a name
for his school.

❖ Facilitator. The teacher is the facilitator of learning. The pupils must be

given the chance to discuss things under the close supervision and
monitoring of the teacher. As a facilitator, the teacher prepares
guidelines which will serve as the focus of discussion and activities. The
teacher oversees the activities inside the classroom. He allows pupils to
discuss spontaneously with only his very minimal affirmation and

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 confirmation. In the event, however, that some clarifications are needed,
he can clarify vague points and correct wrong notions of the pupils.

❖ Instructor. The main function of the teacher is instruction. All the other
roles aforementioned are corollary to teaching. To effectively carry out
this aspect of teaching, the pre-service education of teachers must be
more than adequate to prepare them for a job involving varied
responsibilities.

Cooperate with other members of staff in planning instructional goals,

objectives and methods.

The Teaching Styles

1. The Authority, or lecture style

The authority model is teacher-centered and frequently entails lengthy lecture
sessions or one-way presentations. Students are expected to take notes or absorb
information.

• Pros: This style is acceptable for certain higher-education disciplines and

auditorium settings with large groups of students. The pure lecture style
is most suitable for subjects like history, which necessitate memorization
of key facts, dates, names, etc.
• Cons: It’s a questionable model for teaching children because there is
little or no interaction with the teacher. Plus it can get a little snooze-y.
That’s why it’s a better approach for older, more mature students.

2. The Demonstrator, or coach style

The demonstrator retains the formal authority role by showing students what
they need to know. The demonstrator is a lot like the lecturer, but their lessons
include multimedia presentations, activities, and demonstrations. (Think: Math.
Science. Music.)

• Pros: This style gives teachers opportunities to incorporate a variety of

formats including lectures and multimedia presentations.

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 10 of 15

 • Cons: Although it’s well-suited for teaching mathematics, music, physical
education, or arts and crafts, it is difficult to accommodate students’
individual needs in larger classrooms.

3. The Facilitator, or activity style

Facilitators promote self-learning and help students develop critical thinking skills
and retain knowledge that leads to self-actualization.

• Pros: This style trains students to ask questions and helps develop skills
to find answers and solutions through exploration; it is ideal for teaching
science and similar subjects.
• Cons: Challenges teacher to interact with students and prompt them
toward discovery rather than lecturing facts and testing knowledge
through memorization. So it’s a bit harder to measure success in tangible
terms.

4. The Delegator, or group style

The delegator style is best suited for curricula that require lab activities, such as
chemistry and biology, or subjects that warrant peer feedback, like debate and
creative writing.

• Pros: Guided discovery and inquiry-based learning place the teacher in

an observer role that inspires students by working in tandem toward
common goals.
• Cons: Considered a modern style of teaching, it is sometimes criticized as
eroding teacher authority. As a delegator, the teacher acts more as a
consultant rather than the traditional authority figure.

5. The Hybrid, or blended style

Hybrid, or blended style, follows an integrated approach to teaching that blends
the teacher’s personality and interests with students’ needs and curriculum-
appropriate methods.

• Pros: Inclusive! And it enables teachers to tailor their styles to student

needs and appropriate subject matter.

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 11 of 15

 • Cons: Hybrid style runs the risk of trying to be too many things to all
students, prompting teachers to spread themselves too thin and dilute
learning.

❖ Because teachers have styles that reflect their distinct personalities and
curriculum—it’s crucial that they remain focused on their teaching
objectives and avoid trying to be all things to all students.

3. Learning Environment
▪ The place where teaching and learning can take place in the most
effective and productive manner
▪ Consists of the physical, psychological environment that surrounds
the learner and that influences his/her learning
▪ Factors and situations that are likely to promote or diminish
student's motivation to learn, and how to help students to become
self-motivated
Classroom as a Learning Environment
Classroom Environment Encompasses Four Factors namely:
1. Physical Environment - includes the location, size, shape, construction
of the room itself; the furniture in the room; instructional
supplies or resources for learning; provisions for lighting, heating
and ventilating; provisions for sanitation, cleanliness, and
orderliness.
2. Intellectual Climate - This refers to patterns of behavior, the
interaction pattern, qualities of interaction, and attributes that
help the learners think clearly, critically, and creatively. The
general atmosphere should be characterized by intellectual
activities and pursuits for excellence.
3. Social Climate
Three types of social climate existing in the classroom:
a. autocratic - the teacher makes all the important decisions,
directs all the activities, and evaluates pupil progress in
terms of arbitrary standards. There is very little
communication between teacher and pupils, hence, the
learners find little opportunity in this type of climate for

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 initiative, participation in group planning, or self-
evaluation.
b. laissez-faire - each learner operates as an individual, strives for
recognition of his own achievement, and develops little
regard for the rights and accomplishments of others. In
this climate, the human relationships are in terms of
coactions rather than interaction, there is little emphasis
in group living.
c. democratic - the goals are established by group participation
and plans are made on the basis of cooperative group
planning. There is, therefore, a great deal of cooperative
teamwork resulting from a wide circle of
communication. The role of the teacher in this kind of
climate is neither that of dictator nor of an interested
spectator but that of a mature person
4. Emotional Climate - this pertains to the emotional adjustment and
mental health of the children. To foster the right kind of emotional
climate, the teacher must see that the personality needs of the learner
are met in the classroom. The learner needs to feel secure in his group.
He must have opportunities to make decisions and become increasingly
self-directing. It is only the effective teacher who can provide these
opportunities.
❖ Home as a Learning Environment
▪ Home provides an instructional process that includes acquisition
of behavioral patterns, acceptance of standard norms and
development of necessary traits.
▪ It is from home that a child gets instructions on the specific ways
of doing things.
▪ Home is where the learners first cultivate trust, attitude and skills
that will aid them as they embrace the world enthusiastically. It
is the cornerstone of every young child- a place of nurture to help
achieve one’s fullness.
▪ The quality of parent-child relationship is fundamental to
children’s longer-term development.
❖ Community as Learning Environment
▪ Refers to the social context of learners and their surroundings.

GEE-PMT Module 4 /Page 13 of 15

 ▪ It has influential qualities that shape learning and has the power
to lead its members in their pursuit of excellence performance.
▪ Community brings about a learning environment that allows
opportunities for interaction among its member.

Task 5: What are the conditions at your home and in the school that disrupt
your learning?
Your answer:______________________________________________________.

IV. Assessment: Quiz #3 To be posted in MS Teams.

_________________________________________________________________
References:
1. Acero et.al. 2015. Principles of Teaching I. Rex Book Store.
2. Salandanan, Gloria G. 2012. Methods of Teaching.Lorimar Publishing Inc. Quezon City
3. Zulueta, Francisco. 2009. Principles and Methods of Teaching. National Book Store. Navotas
4. Magna Carta for Teacher
5. https://www.academia.edu/36308785/PRINCIPLES_AND_STRATEGIES_OF_TEACHING
6. http://varron.expertscolumn.com/article/elements-teaching-and-learning-
process

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