wr Ss om any) Green VOCaBULAFY Aer sudon’s Book ave 89 The Environment 1. Match each sentence in A toa suitable continuation in B. Pay attention to the words inbold. A 1 We have an eco-friendly electric car 2 The soils very bad here, 3 took the ice-cream out of the freezer to thaw, 4 We don't seem to be stopping the greenhouse effect, 5 There's a landfill site near our home 6 Chemicals leaked from the factory's old pipes, B .-2 where people put all thelr household waste. b_ which means average world temperatures will continue to rise. which was hazardous to fish and plants. hich means no crops will grow: but it melted quicker than I had expected. ‘hich reduces our carbon footprint 2 Answer the questions to show you understand the words in bold. 1 What do people often dump in the street or by the side of the road? 2 When does flooding usually happen? 3 What is an endangered species from your country? 4 Which fossil fuels are found under the sea? 5 What happens when there is moisture in the air in the summer? 6 Where is there large-scale fruit and vegetable farming in your country? Words from the Text 3 complete the sentences with a suitable word. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1 She's leaning on me because she's 2 She tried to revive the 3 Slow down! It's too. 4 The ship is sinking. People are going to for me, 5 He is a popular leader. The VASt co. cewe— of people voted for him. 4 Answer the questions in a logical way using the ‘words below. Make any necessary changes. beast « insulate = knockdown = trample = layer» plain 1 What happened to those flowers? 2 Why are the backpackers so frightened? 3. How can we keep the house warm in winter? 4 What happened to the building? 5. Why is this cake so dificult to make? 6 Where do these animals ive? OU alsa 5 Complete the text with the words and expressions below. carbon footprint = eco-friendly = waste = landfill dumped w large-scale w slow down = vast The Edible Water Bottle One ofthe biggest sources ofunnecessary is th amount paste bots that people use for water. A umber ofthese single-use containers ‘are used every day and athough many of them are recycled, others nd up in? sites of, worstof al, inour oceans. Thankfully the British technology company oho has come up witha brillant solution otis problem. They have invented a way of sling water in an edible container. This one container can then be eaten after drinking the water, so there's nothing for people to throw away. Although we may never stop people using plastic, this should the amount of plastic thats being produced, and reduce the amount in our rivers and ‘of plastic eubbish thatis* — seas each year. Qoho's edible water bottle is an easy way forall of usto reduce our? and pertaps also reduce ‘manufacturing of plastic packagingil eS 50 GAMMA) Aer stuson’s Book page as Reported Speech Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 1 “Are cans and cartons separated before recycling?” Greg asked : 2 “Let's make an online video about our recycling project” Judy suggested — nec 3 “Lwon't buy clothes from any company that uses child labour." Jill refused . 4 “Dont forget to recycle all your notebooks.” The teacher reminded ‘5 "What can we do to reduce our carbon footprint?” We asked Se Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using one of the verbs below. Use each verb once only. wored = admitted = promised m denied recommended = wondered “Let's make our own ‘Save the Rhino’ 2 Manhattan Burger Bars:"We wll only use paper drinking straws and not plastic ones from now on” 3. Morgan: “Don't go skating on the lake because the ice is melting,” 4 Eric:"Tnever said anything to insult her.” 5. Lucas: "Is ita good idea to buy an electric car?” 6 Yvonne: “What happened is my fault” ‘SAVE THE RHINO 3 complete the sentences in a logical way using reported speech. Pay attention to the verbs in bold. 1 They didn’t want to spend a lot of money on a hotel, so we suggested 2 My doctor advised me - 3. They had a terrible holiday. They complained 4 They felt the service was terrible. They added 5 Helena said her dream was to go to India. I asked 6 It's Mum's birthday next week, so I reminded everyone. 7 People were protesting last night. The government declared. on Read the comments from a local meeting. Then complete the newspaper article using the ‘comments and reported speech. 66 “Is impossible to recycle electrical goods sn Newtown!” “Why don't you take them back tothe electrical shops?” “The shops have to recycle what they don't sel, by lawl” “We won't return objects such as fridges!” “Can the town arrange a van to collect these heavy objects?” “Newtown will have proper recycling facilities within the next 12 months.” 99 Newtown to Improve Recycling Facilities ‘Aca public meeting lastnight, residents complained © n-ne In the beginning, the mayor suggested nnn She added However, there was a problem, Many local people refused because they ‘were too heavy fr people who didnt havea car, Finally, Mrs Meades of 12 Quarry Street asked The mayor5 correct the errors. 1 My brother complained that we didn't used biodegradable bags at home. 2 Iwas asked what was the average temperature in my local area. 4 The police officer ordered us that we didn't park there, 5 Lasked Samantha that if had she installed solar panels at home. & Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Ourscience teacher explained that many animal species might disappear from Earth if we didn't take action 2. The biologist encouraged us to do more to protect endangered animals. 3 The Greenpeace activist suggested that Wwe stop using fossil fuels 4 We wanted to know what we could do to reduce our carbon footprint. 5 The government promised to ban cars that emit hazardous chemicals. 6 | Living Green, Grammar REVIEW ] AEN 7 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs below. figure out m die w live must frighten » pay build m remove w not tolerate = cause Pyrenees Farmers Upset by Bears ‘huge argument has broken out inthe French Pyrenees after 200 sheep died after falling off a ‘mountain, The evidence is clear ~ the sheep , by a bear, which caused them to run to their deaths. Local farmers also complained that a further 200 animals that month because of bear attacks in the region. The bears in this region since they ‘were reintroduced to France from Slovenia in the 1990s. Tiss relly a financial problem ~ the farmers compensation by the government for every animal that they lose. Nevertheless, the farmers have had enough. They told reporters that they * it any longer. However, conservationists accused the farmers of ‘exaggerating the problem. They claimed that other factors *— alot more sheep deaths, such as bad weather and disease. They suggested walls and fences to prevent the bears from reaching the sheep. Farmers rejected the idea, saying that it was impossible to construct those barriers up in the ‘mountains. They added thatthe bears _ how to get round the walls because they were extremely intelligent animals Local conservationists reused the bears from the Pyrenees, and argued that it was time to bring more animals to the area. No new bears have arrived in the Pyrenees since 2006, putting the population's continued survival at risk,Speaking ater stien’s Book page 87 Discussing Options Complete the dialogue with a suitable word. ‘A: The flood has got worse and they're evacuating us tonight! We have to pack our bags right now! 3 B: OK [think we! take some food, water and things like that A [think its? Important to take a sleeping bag, Im sure water and food willbe provided. 4 i B: OK, but? — take some chocolate at least, in case we get hungry. ‘A: Fine. And * forget to bring a recharger for your phone. Of course not! I cant live ®... phone! A: Anything else?” B: A change of clothes perhaps? We may not be able to come home tomorrow if the flooding is very bad. ‘A: What a nightmare! B Discussing Issues Read the questions and then complete the sentences so that they are true for you. 1 What's your opinion about banning the use of, plastic materials at school? It’s hard to say because 2 How could young people be encouraged to be more green? It would be a good idea to... 3 Do you think you're doing all ou can to protect ‘your environment? Definitely / Definitely not because Come to think of it, 4 How do you feel about the future of our planet? ‘There's no question that Pronunciation /s/ /20/ /p/ irene Listen and repeat. 4004116 1 flood /4/ 2 phone /20/ 3 options /n/ Listen to the words. Which word in each group does NOT contain the vowel sound shown by the phonetic symbol? 49 04117 1 /a/ young cup money opinion 2 /20/ dothes home income expose 3 /v/ belong crop chocolate environment Dictation Listen and complete the mini-dialogues. 4904118 1 A: Do you feel you're doing your best to protect the environment? B: To be honest, i tt 2 A: What should we take with us to the shelter? rs S There's no question that coe 3. As How do you feel about the public transport in 7 your city? ] B: nce Lon't really use I - Ive heard that 7) Reading A Report Read the report. Six sentences have been removed fromit. From sentences A-G below, choose the one thatfits each gap. There is one extra sentence. ‘A Places where food waste is dumped provide all sorts of things to eat. B This is an obvious way of copying human beings — something that is common to much urban wildlife ‘There is a simple explanation for thi. Ifyou live in a city, look around you. E The ones that now populate the city’s parks and gardens have mostly escaped from people's homes. F Far from being the creatures of nightmare and horror movies, these animals actually have an {important role to play in the urban ecosystem. G Younger ones have even started moving downtovin into the city’s shopping and business centre, oo Choose the correct answer. 1 Which of these points does the author make in the first paragraph? ‘a. Most people will never get a chance to see animal. b Ittakes a great deal of effort to spot animals in the city. Rats, pigeons and cockroaches ae associated with urban areas, The city Isa very unhealthy environment for animals, 2. The number of foxes is increasing because @ London is expanding they are leaving rural areas © there is less disease in the city 4 they are living longer 3. Why are the bats in Austin, Texas? to bring up their young b escape predators to keep warm in winter 4 to enjoy the cool weather 4. Why are storks in danger? They don't have anywhere to migrate to. ‘They might eat dangerous substances, © Their young are dying, Their natural habitat has disappeared. Find words or expressions in the text that mean: 1 hidden (ines 16-23) 2 exchange (lines 24-30) 3 improbable (ines 31-38) 4 fallen quickly (lines 39-46) 7 5. sudden increase (lines 47-51) 10 18 20 cr Urban Wildlife As you watch wildebeest crossing the African plain on TV, ‘you may wonder how you can ever come in close contact ‘with such incredible beasts. This is especially true for those of us who live in urban areas, however itis not necessary to travel far to see wildlife. In actual fact, with Just a litte looking, you will discover that our cities are also an ideal habitat for many different wildlife species, ‘and I'm not just talking about the visible rats, pigeons and cockroaches. London has always been famous for its population of foxes. Thousands of foxes occupy the British capital by night. In fact, the population is actually growing. ‘There are more foxes in cities because the city has been taking over rural areas as it has expanded. The fox: hasn't moved to the city. The city has moved to the fox. Foxes aren't the only large animals that reside in the heart of the world’s cities. Chicago in the USA is home to 0 many coyotes that the animals are appearing in newer areas all the time, Population density is so high that there has been a large-scale movement of the animals across the city. #_ Indeed, there are many coyotes happily tucked away in alleyways while commuters walk past them, completely oblivious to their presence. Probably the most impressive and famous group of wild ‘animals in the USA are the bats of Austin, Texas. Some 1.5 million bats nest under just one ofthe city's bridges. ‘They arrive in spring and stay til it gets cold.° Bats eat flying insects such as flies and mosquitoes. It's a trade-off: wwe provide a bridge, and they rid us of those annoying biting bugs. Welcoming habitats can come in the most unlikely places, ‘The stork is famous for migrating from place to place. ‘This has created the children's tale thatthe birds bring. babies, However, storks in Portugal have stopped migrating because they can get all their food from land sites around the country’s cities... Obviously, there are ‘worries forthe birds’ health owing to the hazardous ‘waste that they might accidentally consume. Cities can even provide a final refuge for endangered species. One Asian bird, the yellow-crested cockatoo, has ‘now set up home in Hong Kong, despite not being native to the area.®... Elsewhere, in Asia, the cockatoo's, population numbers have plummeted as poachers have kkled them for their feathers or their meat. It's only amongst the skyscrapers that the yellow-crested cockatoo stays safe Human beings are changing the world at an alarming rate, but the surge in the numbers of urban animals shows that wildlife is adapting to the new challenges. too.°... What wildlife is flying over your head, ‘or waiting to emerge at dusk?fH 54 writing A Summary ‘After Student's Book page 89 ‘Complete the sentences using the words below. Use each word once. consequently « moreover w fortunately obviously m although 1 All the world's large whales were once in danger of extinction : ‘world leaders issued a worldwide ban on whaling in 1986, 2 At that time, most countries stopped whaling completely certain nations, including Japan and Norway, Continue to kill whales today. 3 Japan claims it kills whales for scientific purposes, but whale meat is sold in fish Iarkets across the country, so ——--v there must be other reasons for thelr whale unt. 4 Inthe past, whales were killed for ther il, which people needed for lamps and street lighting, «their bones were used to make almost anything, including combs and the keys in pianos. 5 Human beings were the main predators of whales once large-scale shunting ended, the numbers of many whales, such as blue whales, began to recover. Read the text. Omit as many words and ideas as you can to make a summary without losing any of the essential information. Paraphrase sentences when possible. Use 60-80 words. Do you have an old mobile phone that you never use sitting ina drawer, a wardrobe or some other place? If so, you're not the only one, Apparently, millions of old mobile phones all over the world are left forgotten in our houses and end up in landfills. Ths isa problem because each one ofthese phones contains several materials that could be recycled, For ‘example, the microchips in the phones contain hafnium. which isan extremely rare metal and difficult to find. They contain precious metals as well. One million phones contain more than 30 kilos of gold and 300 kilos of silver. Its cheaper and less environmentally damaging to recycle these phones than to extract them from under the ground, So take that old phone back to the shop where you bought it and take another giant step to reducing your carbon footprint 3 Read the text below. Burning Out of Control! natural areas —is growing. The situation is becoming worse worldwide due to climate change, according to Professor David Bowman of Australia’s University of Tasmania, (Moreover, these fires will start to break out in areas that have never been affected by wildfires. Bowman presents a particularly pessimistic view of the future. He believes that there isa real danger of a major fire breaking lout which could destroy a whole city like in the Great Fire of London (1666). Indeed, California suffered large-scale fire damage in 2017. Fortunately, the fire never reached a major city, but hundreds of homes were destroyed. Human activity Is making the fire danger worse. As global warming increases, the land becomes drier, making it easier for a fire to break out and spread. Obviously, this is only going to get worse if we fal to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, lone ofthe main contributing factors to global warming, Professor Crystal Kolden of the University of idaho in the USA disagrees with Professor Bowman. She argues that wildfires are a naturally occurring phenomenon, just lke flooding. The danger comes from people building homes in areas hich historically have been at risk of fire. Consequently, more people are being affected by these natural events. [Whether we are facing a catastrophic scenario or not, itis clear that climate change is already affecting life on Earth, Unless we find a way to reduce our carbon footprint, the growing risk of fire damage will never be extinguished. GED Write a summary of the passage in Exercise 3. Write 60-80 words. 4 Brainstorm your summary. 1 Decide which ideas to include from the text and which examples or details to leave out. 2 Decide on the order in which to write your ideas. 55 Organise your ideas and write your summary as one paragraph. Paraphrase sentences when possible. Use the Useful Expressions below tohelp you. consequently, fortunately. obviously, .. although, Use the checklist below to check your work. © organisation 1 spelling '@ punctuation @ grammar 1 word order © paraphrasing' Vocabulary Focus ‘Aor Students Book page 81 1 EQEDENIETT complete the text with the correct form of a word below. emission = disoppear = expose extinct » begin kaw Inthe * experts believed that diesel cars were an environmentally friendly option. They believed this with the 2 that diesel engines produce less carbon dioxide (CO:) than other forms of leaded petrol. At the time, people were most ‘concerned about global warming caused by COs, ‘which was leading to habitat loss and the mass 2 cof many animal and plant species. However, now some governments are planning to ban diesel vehicles too, because of the harmful chemicals that they * such as nitric oxide, 5____..._to thls gas can cause breathing difficulties for many people. If their plan succeeds, it could lead to the ® ‘of these cars from our roads in the next 20 years. This is bad news for the people who bought these cars s they may soon find that their vehicles are legal and polluting the environment too! 2 PEATE Rewrite the sentences Using a word below and a suitable preposition, disoppeared m exposed w faced = named consisted = benefited = get rid 1 My cousin and I are both called Alison, just like our grandmother. 2 The scientists came into contact with dangerous. chemicals. 3 How can we kill these germs? 4 The photos aren't on the website any more. ‘They found that the surface of the moon was made from rock and a mineral called anorthite 6 Building the park improved everyone's lives. 7 Suddenly, Tom had a major problem, 6 | Living Green 3 EOMANS ESTA Replace the words n bold ineach sentence with an expression using the word in capital letters. Do not change the word in capitals. 1 Lwalk the dog every day, whatever the weather is like. RAIN 2 Ittakes about half an hour to walk to the shops, more or less, TAKE 3 Not everything in life is right or wrong, Sometimes vwe have to make difficult decisions. WHITE 4 Idon't feel ready to take my driving test, but 1 have to do it today. Its time to see if| succeed or fail, SINK 5 Take this cure for your sore throat. I's an old solution that really works, TRIED 6 listen to podcasts occasionally, but I don't have a Jot of time to listen to them, THEN. 7 Make sure the message is understood by everyone. CLEAR 4 Complete the mini-dialogues with an expression Using a word from box A and a word from box B. ‘Add any other necessary words, A now w plain = pros = safe = sick » sooner B cons m later = never m simple = sound w tired 1A: Tdon't know when I should tell Ben that I'm leaving the school Belts because time is running out 2 A: Mandy is never happy about anything, is she? Br I know. Im of listening to her complaining! 3A: We were walking in the mountains when it suddenly got very foggy. B: Thank goodness you're home 4. A: My tooth has been hurting for weeks. B: You're going to have to go to the dentist Just make an. appointment. 5 A: Tm not sure if we should arrange a concert with, ‘our band, B: Well, let's look at the ‘That will help you make a decision. 6 A: [don't think I can do anything to help the ‘environment. B: Of course you can, We all have to reduce our carbon footprint, and that's the truth eaeN__cHEck your ProGresS I bY Ed 0 Ed Vocabulary 1 Complete the mini-dialogues with one word in each gap. 1A: We're sure this factory is creating harmful emissions, but they deny it B: The truth will come out, sooner of —-..— 2 A: You recycle everything, don't you? B: Iwas. up to be environmentally friendly | 2. As This company illegally pumped waste into the sea, but they got no punishment. B: I cant believe that a judge let them off the 4A: Did you see the house where your dad was born? B: No, because they've it down, 5A: How long did it take you to do the homework? B: Itwas about three hours or take 6 A: You're so lucky to have a fireplace. B: Yes, but we don’t use it because we're trying to cut dawn on using fossil... like coal. 7 A: Im not sure if 'm going to go on the trip. B: Well, you need to make your upby tomorrow. 8 A: Did you do the sponsored run forthe rainforest? B: Yes, but I couldnt finish it.I got out of after about 5 kilometres. 2 complete the text with a suitable word. There are more words than you need. plain = disoppearance = endangered = sold out extinct = layer w adjusted = memory = beast soil = thawed = wiped out Students Discover Ice-Age Monster ‘A group of young Russian students have discovered the remains of a mysterious creature in Siberia. They discovered the bones of the animal while helping local archeologists remove a of earth. The discovery included the skull, which they found trapped in the frOZEM 8 onnn--——--nn» The discovery was made hile a road was being constructed in the area. As the | | roadworks continued, the ice * - revealing the extraordinary monster. The strange ‘ {s probably a woolly rhino, according to the experts. Although we now think of rhinos as creatures ‘wandering the African * — «inthe Tee Age, there was a hairy species of rhino just lke there was @ ‘woolly mammoth. ‘The woolly rhino probably became * around 10,000 years ago. Many factors contributed to, its? — + Including climate change at the end of the Ice Age. However, the last members of the species were probably ® by early humans, ‘something which is being repeated today. Africa's black rhino is now also a seriously * species. For now, the discovery of this skeleton serves as a warning from the past, but for the Russian students, thelr discovery will be a" — for the rest of their lives. Grammar Rewrite the sentences using the verb in capitals. 1 Alan: “Are you interested in going to the lecture with us?” WONDERED 2 Nancy: “There's no way that I'm working with Dominic!” REFUSED 3 The prime minister: ‘Our natural resources must be protected!” DECLARED 4 Colin: “Has your dad been feeling all right recently?” ASKED 5 Guest speaker: “You can all do something to protect your environment.” INSISTED 6 Our teacher: “Don't forget that you should watch the global warming documentary online tonight.” REMINDED ‘Complete the blog post with the correct form of the ‘verbs in brackets, When there is no word in brackets, Use a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one correct answer. Can Worms Save the World? Hil This week, I heard some great news. Iris true, we! (Golve) one of the world’s biggest environmental problems. _... of course is plastic! Last week, our biology teacher told us that plastic ne (Can / take) up to 400 years to dere Bad news, right? Well, an extraordinary discovery + —— (recently / make) by Federica Bertocchin, an Italian scientist 5 studies bees. After her beehives * (damage) by worms, she removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag, She went on o say thatthe worms (escape) from the bag, leaving it full of holes. When she told scientists at Cambridge University that the bag *...— _— (eat) by the worms, they realised that this was an Incredible opportunity, Scientist Paolo Bombelli declared that if worms * nn lke) eating plastic, maybe they” (should / use) to destray plastic waste in landfill sites. When Iasked my teacher what she (think) about this idea, she sald hatte evens look) very convincing, Who knows? The world (save) by worms - and remember, you read it here first!