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Historique
Before the invention of the telephone by
Graham Bell in 1876, telecommunications already used the telegraph. Then, thanks to the research of Maxwell and Hertz, the information was took the air route. Finally, at the beginning of the 1970s, the principle of optical transmission using optical fiber: transmitting light signals through glass or plastic core
What Is Involved In A Fiber Optic Project?
A fiber optic project begins with a need for communications and ends with an installed fiber optic cable plant and an operating network that fills that communications need. Between those two points are a number of stages:
• Concept • Selling the project to decision makers • Getting financing • Designing the project • Installing the project • Accepting the built network • Operating and maintaining the network The Design It is at the design stage that the manager has the most important role in the success of a fiber optic project. This is not a time to delegate without oversight. The manager must be able to evaluate options presented and make decisions based on the input of many others.
Construction And Installation
Fiber optic cable plants can be installed outside (called "OSP" for outside plant) or indoors (called "premises"). The OSP cable plant can be installed underground, aerial or under water. All have various techniques that can be chosen depending on the geography of the route or local requirements, for instance that all cables must be placed underground. Premises cabling is often a mix of fiber optics and copper cabling. It will be covered by codes like the NEC to ensure safety for those inside the building. FTTH: Fiber To The Home
Since the first installations of fiber
optic networks in the late 1970s, the goal of the fiber optic industry has been to install fiber optics all the way to the home. Telecommunications systems were usually divided into long distance, metropolitan and subscriber categories. In the beginning, the challenge was well known - 10% of the cable plant was in long distance, 10% was in metro and fully 80% of the cable plant was the "last mile" - the subscriber. The issue was, and is, the economics of fiber to the home (FTTH.)
From an economic standpoint, fiber
was immediately cost effective in the long-distance networks. Compared to copper or digital radio, fiber’s high bandwidth and low attenuation easily offset its higher cost. Compared to copper wire used in telephony, fiber could carry thousands of times more phone conversations hundreds of times further, making the cost of a phone connection over fiber only a few percent as much as transmitting over copper.This photo was used many times in the early days to illustrate the information carrying advantage of optical fiber: It took only a few years before the rapidly advancing technology of fiber optics led to widespread use and fiber quickly dominated the long distance market. Crews buried cables underground or ran aerial cables on poles nonstop for a decade to upgrade long distance service. At the same time, technology was developed for submarine cables and by the late 1980s, all overseas communications expansion was done by fiber optics, replacing copper cables and satellites. Today, virtually all long distance communications is carried over the installed fiber optic network both on land and via hundreds of submarine cables as shown below. What Makes A Successful Fiber Optic Project?
People call FOA for advice all the
time. Most of the calls deal with technical questions about products, installation and testing. But in one call; a manager who was starting to plan a fiber optic project wanted advice on how to proceed. It was a long call! His basic question was “What does it take to have a successful fiber optic project?” We responded with 4 words: financing, commitment, expertise and patience. Figure: the optical fiber communication system Technical Information on FTTX From The FOA Online Guide:
The Fiber Optic Association Fiber To The Home Handbook
