5CS037 Concepts and Technologies of AI

Workshop -1
Numpy For Matrix Manipulation.

Siman Giri

November 14, 2023

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 1. Numpy: Introduction.

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1.1 What is Numpy?
▶ Numpy is an open-source add-on modules to python which
provides common mathematical and numerical routines in
pre-compiled, fast functions.

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1.1 What is Numpy?
▶ Numpy is an open-source add-on modules to python which
provides common mathematical and numerical routines in
pre-compiled, fast functions.
▶ The NumPy(Numeric Python) package provides basic routines
for manipulating large arrays and matrices of numeric data.

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1.1 What is Numpy?
▶ Numpy is an open-source add-on modules to python which
provides common mathematical and numerical routines in
pre-compiled, fast functions.
▶ The NumPy(Numeric Python) package provides basic routines
for manipulating large arrays and matrices of numeric data.
▶ The SciPy(Scientific python) package extends the
functionality of NumPy with a substantial collection of useful
algorithms.

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1.2 Installation and Import!!!?
▶ In General NumPy is pre-installed on Colab. You can check
availability of NumPy and its version as:
!pip show numpy

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1.2 Installation and Import!!!?
▶ In General NumPy is pre-installed on Colab. You can check
availability of NumPy and its version as:
!pip show numpy
▶ The NumPy(Numeric Python) package provides basic routines
for manipulating large arrays and matrices of numeric data.

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1.2 Installation and Import!!!?
▶ In General NumPy is pre-installed on Colab. You can check
availability of NumPy and its version as:
!pip show numpy
▶ The NumPy(Numeric Python) package provides basic routines
for manipulating large arrays and matrices of numeric data.
▶ The SciPy(Scientific python) package extends the
functionality of NumPy with a substantial collection of useful
algorithms.

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Numpy Arrays: Introduction
▶ The Central feature of Numpy is the array object class. Arrays
are similar to lists in Python, except that every element of an
array must be of the same dtype.
▶ Arrays make operations with large amounts of numeric data
very fast and are generally more efficient than lists.
▶ Example ( Importing Numpy and Creating Arrays of Zeros):
1 import numpy as np
2 # initialize an all zero array with size 2 X 3:
3 zeros_arr = np . zeros ((2 ,3) )
4 print ( " A zeros array is \ n " , zeros_arr , " with
dimensions " , zeros_arr . shape , " \ n " )

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Task Set -I: Creating an Array.
▶ Based on above example.Complete the following tasks:
1. Initialize an empty array with size 2X 2.
2. Initialize an all one array with size 4X 2.
3. Return a new array of given shape and type, filled with
fill value.{Hint: np.full}
4. Return a new array of zeros with same shape and type as a
given array.{Hint: np.zeros like}
5. Return a new array of ones with same shape and type as a
given array.{Hint: np.ones like}
6. For an existing list new_list = [1,2,3,4] convert to an
numpy array.{Hint: np.array()}

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Array Manipulation: Numerical Ranges
▶ Observe the output of following code:
1 import numpy as np
2 range_arr = np . arange (10)
3 print ( " An array given range is \ n " , range_arr ,
" with dimensions " , range_arr . shape , " \ n " )
4 # return evenly spaced values within a given
interval .
5 linspace_arr = np . linspace (2.0 , 3.0 , num = 5 ,
endpoint = false )
6 print ( " An evenly spaced array given range is \
n " , linspace_arr , " with dimensions " , linspace_arr
. shape , " \ n " )
7 # return evenly spaced numbers over a specified
interval .

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Task Set-II: Array Manipulation
▶ Numerical Ranges and Array Indexing:
1. Create an array with values ranging from 10 to 49.
{Hint:np.arrange()}.
2. Create a 3X 3 matrix with values ranging from 0 to 8.
{Hint:look for np.reshape()}
3. Create a 3X 3 identity matrix.{Hint:np.eye()}
4. Create a random array of size 30 and find the mean of the
array.
{Hint:check for np.random.random() and array.mean()
function}
5. Create a 10X 10 array with random values and find the
minimum and maximum values.
6. Create a zero array of size 10 and replace 5th element with 1.
7. Reverse an array arr = [1,2,0,0,4,0].
8. Create a 2d array with 1 on border and 0 inside.
9. Create a 8X 8 matrix and fill it with a checkerboard pattern.

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Task Set-III: Array Arithmetic
▶ For the following arrays:
x = np.array([[1,2],[3,5]]) and
y = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]]);
v = np.array([9,10]) and w = np.array([11,12]);
Perform following with numpy:
1. Add the two array.
2. Subtract the two array.
3. Multiply the array with any integers of your choice.
4. Find the square of each element of the array.
5. Find the dot product between: v(and)w ; x(and)v ; x(and)y.
6. Concatenate x(and)y along row and Concatenate v(and)w
along column.
{Hint:try np.concatenate() or np.vstack() functions.
7. Concatenate x(and)v; if you get an error, observe and explain
why did you get the error?

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Task Set-IV: Vector Arithmetic

▶ Euclidean Norm of a Vector u is given by:

q
∥u∥ = u12 + u22 + . . . + un2

▶ Angle Between Two Vectors u and v is given by:

u.v
cosθ =
∥u∥.∥v∥
u.v
θ = arccos( )
∥u∥∥v∥
▶ Based on the above equation complete the code blocks in
next slide:

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Complete the codes

1 def euclidean_norm ( vector ) :

2 " Arguments :
3 A function which calculates norm of any given
vector .
4 inputs : vector : an 1 D array
5 output : norm of a vector ( a scalar )
6 "
7 import math
8 norm_vector = # write your code here
9 return norm_vector
10 import numpy as np
11 arr = [0.5 , -1.2 , 3.3 , 4.5]
12 norm_arr = euclidean_norm ( arr )
13 print ( " The norm of an arr \ n " , norm_arr " \ n " )

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Complete the codes

1 def a ng l e be t w eenvectors ( vector1 , vector2 ) :

2 " Arguments :
3 This function calculates the angle between two
vector .
4 inputs :
5 vector1 : an 1 D ndarray ( numpy array ) .
6 vector2 : an 1 D ndarray ( numpy array ) .
7 outputs :
8 angle : angle between two vectors ( a scalar )
9 "
10 angle = # your code here .
11 return angle
12 import numpy as np
13 arr1 = [0 ,1]
14 arr2 = [1 ,0]
15 angle = a n gl e betweenvectors ( arr1 , arr2 )
16 print ( " The angle is \ n " , angle " \ n " )

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 2. Matrix Arithmetic with Numpy

Figure: Matrix Form Representations

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Matrix Additions and Multiplications
Recreate the operations shown in the image.

Figure: Matrix Multiplication

Figure: Matrix Addition (Perform both Hadamard and
Regular Multiplication)

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Task Set-V: Matrix Operations
▶ For the following arrays:
A = np.array([[3,4],[7,8]]) and
B = np.array([[5,3],[2,1]]);
Prove following with Numpy:
1. Prove A.A−1 = I .
2. Prove AB ̸= BA.
3. Prove (AB)T = B T AT .

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Task Set-VI: Solve System of Linear Equations

▶ Solve the following system of Linear equation using Inverse

Methods.

2x − 3y + z = −1
x − y + 2z = −3
3x + y − z = 9

{Hint: First use Numpy array to represent the equation in

Matrix form. Then Solve for: AX = B}
▶ Now: solve the above equation using np.linalg.inv
function.{Explore more about ”linalg” function of Numpy}

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