BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Junior Philippine Institute of
Chemical Engineers
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Diaz, Joshua Maquiel E.
INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC AND
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
INTEGRALS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
∫sin udu = -cos u + C ∫sec² udu = tan u + C
∫cos udu = sin u + C ∫csc² udu = −cot u + C
∫tan udu = ln sec u + C ∫sec u tan udu = sec u + C
∫cot udu = ln sin u + C ∫csc u cot udu = −csc u + C
∫sec udu = ln |sec u + tan u| + C
∫csc udu = −ln |csc u + cot u| + C
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
IDENTITIES AND FORMULAS:
Pythagorean Identities: Double-angle Formulas:
sin²(x) + cos²(x) = 1 sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)
tan²(x) + 1 = sec²(x) cos(2x) = cos²(x) - sin²(x)
cot²(x) + 1 = csc²(x) = 2cos²(x) - 1
= 1 - 2sin²(x)
Reciprocal Identities: tan(2x) = 2tan(x)/1-tan²(x)
csc(x) = 1/sin(x)
Half-angle Formulas:
sec(x) = 1/cos(x)
sin²(x) = 1-cos(2x)/2
cot(x) = 1/tan(x)
cos²(x) = 1+cos(2x)/2
tan²(x) = 1-cos(2x)/1+cos(2x)
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
INTEGRALS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS:
∫sinh udu = cosh u + C ∫sech² udu = tanh u + C
∫cosh udu = sinh u + C ∫csch² udu = −coth u + C
∫tanh udu = ln |cosh u| + C ∫sech u tanh udu = -sech u + C
∫coth udu = ln |sinh u| + C ∫csch u coth udu = −csch u + C
∫sech udu = arctan |sinh u| + C
∫csch udu = ln |tanh ½ u| + C
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
IDENTITIES AND FORMULAS:
Definition:
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
IDENTITIES AND FORMULAS:
Pythagorean Identities: Double-angle Formulas:
cosh²(x) - sinh²(x) = 1 sin(2x) = 2sinh(x)cosh(x)
tanh²(x) + sech²(x) = 1 cosh(2x) = cosh²(x) + sinh²(x)
coth²(x) - csch²(x) = 1 = 2cosh²(x) - 1
= 1 + 2sinh²(x)
Reciprocal Identities: tanh(2x) = 2tanh(x)/1+tanh²(x)
csch(x) = 1/sinh(x)
Half-angle Formulas:
sech(x) = 1/cosh(x)
sinh²(x) = cosh(2x)-1/2
coth(x) = 1/tanh(x)
cosh²(x) = cosh(2x)+1/2
tanh²(x) = cosh(2x)-1/cosh(2x)+1
Note:
You can get different answers depending on what
approach you use. The best way to verify whether your
answer is correct or not is to differentiate or to
evaluate as definite integrals.
EXAMPLES:
1. ∫csc² 2x cot³ 2xdx 6. ∫sinh⁵ x cosh³ xdx
2. ∫sin⁷ 2xdx 7. ∫tanh⁸ x sech⁶ xdx
3. ∫sin³ ½xdx 8. ∫sinh² x sinh 2xdx
4. ∫cos² 5xdx 9. ∫ sinh 0.5x dx
cosh 0.25x
5. ∫ sin⁵ 3x dx
∛cos 3x 10. ∫sinh⁴ 2xdx
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Junior Philippine Institute of
Chemical Engineers
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INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC AND
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS