SUBJECT : ICT

Topic : computer programming language

Class : JSS2
Date : 9th - 13th January , 2024
Period :
Duration : 45 minutes
Time :
Specific Objective : By the end of the lesson the students should be able to : define computer
programming language, State examples of computer programming language Entry Behavior :
The students had previously learnt about number bases in their previous lesson .
Instructional Material : The teacher uses white board , marker , textbook etc.
Introduction : The teacher introduces the topic to the students by writing it on the white board "
computer programming language " briefly review last lesson take responses before teaching the
topic for the day .
Lesson development
Step 1 : MEANING OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Program : A program is a detailed set of written instructions or codes that must be followed in a
particular sequence or order in order to execute or solve a particular problem . A program could
also be said to be a detailed direction that guides the computer on what to do and how to do it .
Programs are generally written , using some special computer languages , since this is the only
language the computer understands .
These languages would be discussed later in the next chapter . Programmer : A programmer is
someone who has acquired basic skills in programming language and could write computer
programs . A person who writes programs is a programmer . Programming : This is the act of
writing detailed sets of instructions to be executed by the computer to solve a given problem .
Computer Programs : Computer programs are the set of instructions or codes that are written by
programmers , using some programming language which enables the computer to perform
several operations which could be arithmetical , relational and logical . They bring together the
proper functionality of the hardware and the human ware to efficiently utilize qualities of the
computer system .
STEP 2 : Characteristics of a good program

before a program could be said to be good or could perform its main function or the task that it
was written for , it has to possess the following attributes;
( 1 ) HIGH SPEED OF PROCESSING ; A good program should be able to solve complex
problems , generate or produce result within a reasonable period of time . It must respond to
user command at a fast pace .
2 ) ACCURACY ; A good program should produce exact result that is expected of it , based on
the input ( data supplied ) .
3 ) PORTABILITY ; The size short be small enough to allow easy transfer from one location to
another within or outside the computer system.
4 ) RELIABILITY ; It should be able to execute quickly and efficiently without errors .
 5 ) READABILITY ; A good program should not be too difficult to understand or read by another
programmer . It should contain some lines of code that serves as comment to explain the
remaining lines of code .
6 ) MAINTAINABILITY ; For re - use and modification , a good program should allow proper or
easy maintenance ability .
STEP 3 : Computer Programming Language
It has been understood that the computer has its own language . This does not mean we cannot
speak or interact with the computer using other languages i.e computer related languages . The
fact is , there are some intermediate languages ( programming languages ) that have been
devised to allow people to communicate with the computer system . These languages are
structured using set of rules ( syntax ) that guides a programmer on how to write computer
programs . These rules standardize the instruction process and tells the programmer how the
individual instructions must be structured and with the appropriate characters to use . Computer
programming languages are sets of instructions or codes that are used to Communicate with
the computer system . They are designed in order to instruct the Computer system to carry out
one operation or the other . Computer programming languages are written by programmers .
There are hundreds of these programming languages , some of which are BASIC , COBOL ,
PASCAL , ADA , JAA , C ++ , VISUAL BASIC , FORTRAN , ASSEMBLY language etc.
STEP 4 : Classification Of Programming Languages Based on the relationship that the
computer system has with sets of instructions ( programs ) and the requirement to pass
commands from the user to the machine and the machine to the user in form of communication
; programming languages could be classified or categorized into two ;
( 1 ) Low level language ( LLL )
( 2 ) Highlevel language ( HLL )
1) Low Level Language ( LLL )
A programming language is said to be low according to how closely they resemble machine
code or being the rmachine
code itself. They are required to be translated before the machine would understand them or
they are used directhy by
the machine depending on the level they take.
As a matter of fact, LLLcan be subdivided into two groups ,they are,
(1) Machine language
(2) Assembly language
1. Machine Language:
This is the lowest of all the programming languages.It is also referred to as the computer own
language Since the
computer only understands binary, it is expected that this language is written in this form (i.e
strings of zeros and ones).
The main challenges associated to the side of this language is its complexity in coding and it
difficult to debug (correct
errors) when made. Although this language is easy to decode (understand) by the Camputer
and also performs
processing at a fact rate yet it is far from the user. Thistang uage doesn't require any translation;
it is understood directly
by the computer.
2. Assembly Language:
It is alsO machine dependent just like the machine language. Rather than using binary
notations, assembly language user
simple abbreviations that are called Mnemonic. Mnemonics are easily understood and
remembered compared to
difficult and complex codes. Assembly language uses symbols to denote operational code and
addresses of operations.
For Example:
MUL-Multiplication
ADD-Addition
MOV-Move
HLT-Halt
GUB-Subtraction
GTO-Store etc.
2)High Level Language (HLL)
They are the most common, third generation language, procedural oriented language, easier to
learn, easier to use,
easier to debug (locate errors and correct them) than the low level language. HLL İS english-like
in nature and is
machine independ the computer cannot understand english and HLL is english-like in nature,
there must be a program
specially writen to carry out these conversion, this program is called a translator.
Common examples of HLL are;
BASIC- Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
COBOL-Common Business Oriented Language
FORTRAN - Formula Translator
PASCAL
RPG-Report Program Generator
ALGOL- Algorithmic Language
PROLOG-Program in Logic Programming
Visual Basic (V B).