8

Technical-Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Modules
Quarter 1 - Weeks 5 - 7

i
8
Technical-Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 5 Module:
Classification of Hardware and
Other Peripherals

i
TVE 8 - PROGRAMMING
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Week 5 Module: Classification of Hardware and Other Peripherals
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb, DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jean T. Tumaneng

Editor: Arlene A. Purisima

Reviewer: Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Layout Artist: Jean T. Tumaneng

Rosiel Eva M. Lazaro

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM
2nd Edition Revalidation 2021:
Content Validator: Mayumi P. Realosa EdD

Language Validator: Maylen M. Patanao

Layout Validator: Jean T. Tumaneng

Reviewers: Nida S. Garduque

TVE Department Head III – BNAHS

Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen PhD

Principal IV – BNAHS

Samuel L. Sia EdD

Public Schools District Supervisor

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City

Through the Support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

Hello, Grade 8 Learners! This module is designed to help you fully understand
the Computer Hardware and Other Components and some basic computer terms. Feel
free to explore each part and accomplish each activity at your own pace.
This module is here to guide you through this lesson. In case you were not able
to follow and understand some parts of the lesson, you can always go back to
those parts.

Are you ready? Let us start.

This module is composed of one (1) lesson only:

• Lesson 1 – Classification of Hardware and Other Peripherals

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize computer peripherals;
2. familiarize oneself with the basic hardware of a personal computer;
3. classify the different hardware devices according to function;
4. group hardware devices and other peripherals;

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call the output device that displays information in pictorial form?
A. Keyboard B. Monitor C. Mouse D. System Unit

2. Which of the following is arranged correctly according to the functions?

A. Input Devices, Processing Unit, Storage Devices, Output Devices
B. Input Devices, Storage Devices, Output Devices, Processing Unit
C. Output Devices, Input Devices, Storage Devices, Processing Unit
D. Processing Unit, Output Devices, Input Devices, Storage Devices

3. What device accepts data and instructions from the user or from another
computer system?
A. Input B. Output C. Processing D. Storage

4. Which of the following are used to input data or instructions to the computer
system?
A. Camera, CCTV, Scanner, Printer
B. Mouse, Keyboard, Light Pen, Digitizer Tablet
C. Printer, Scanner, Barcode Reader, CCTV
D. Speaker, Camera, Keyboard, Joystick

5. One of the services offered by a photography company is designing ID layouts

and printing. They insert digital signature over the printed name. What input
device is more appropriate for this purpose?
A. Digitizer Tablet C. Light Pen
B. Joystick D. Touch Screen

6. One of the burdens of commercial establishments is to make encoding of product

codes much easier to minimize time, effort, and labor cost. Which input device
should they purchase to address this concern?
A. Barcode Reader C. Digitizer Tablet
B. Closed Circuit Television D. Light Pen

1
 7. Which set enumerates the three (3) integral units of CPU?
A. Arithmetic Logic, Input, Memory C. Input, Output, Storage
B. Control, Input, Output D. Memory, Control, Arithmetic Logic

8. You entered the operation 1+1 into your computer calculator. Which unit in the
CPU will tell what to do with this instruction?
A. Arithmetic & Logic B. Cache C. Control D. Memory

9. Which of the following best describes a CPU that has a greater number of cores?
A. It could split the workload between the cores that allows for even greater
multitasking.
B. More cores consume more memory space causing the processing unit to
hang.
C. The CPU could process one instruction at a time.
D. There will be an increase of input but slower in performance.

10. Which statement best describes scanning devices?

A. They are also called graphics devices because they copy pictures.
B. They are an output device that produces virtual information.
C. They read printed text or illustrations and produce a softcopy of it.
D. They replace traditional printers.

11. What apparatus is for recording computer data in a permanent / semi-

permanent form?
A. Input Device C. Processing Device
B. Output Device D. Storage Device

12. What storage device is the main and usually the largest data storage in a
computer?
A. Compact Disc C. Hard drive
B. Floppy diskette D. USB Flash drive

13. Which storage device is a plug-and-play portable storage device that uses flash
memory and is light enough to attach to a keychain?
A. Compact Disc C. Hard drive
B. Floppy diskette D. USB Flash drive

14. Which of the following devices in NOT considered a pointing device?

A. Keyboard B. Light Pen C. Mouse D. Touchpad

15. These are devices that can read texts or illustrations printed on paper and
translate the information into a form the computer can use. What classification
of hardware is described?
A. Input B. Output C. Processing D. Storage

Lesson Classification of Hardware and

1 Other Peripherals

What’s In

Direction: Below are the basic hardware of a personal computer. Classify the parts
and put them inside the rectangle where they belong.

Numeric Keys Scroll Wheel Hard Drive Escape

Function Keys Motherboard Optical Drive
Secondary Button Alphanumeric Keys Palm Rest
Cable Tab Key Arrow Keys Menu Button
Heat Sink Power Supply CPU Expansion Slot

2
 MOUSE KEYBOARD

MONITOR SYSTEM UNIT/COMPUTER CASE

What’s New

Activity 1. Sequence Game. Arrange the steps in doing each task. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
Ironing Clothes Cleaning the House Washing the Dishes
• Gather the clothes. • Arrange the furniture. • Apply dishwashing liquid
• Gently iron them. • Remove the cobwebs. • Rinse.
• Hang after. • Sweep the floor. • Remove leftovers.

What is It

In activity 1, you have noticed that each task follows a correct order for it
to get accomplished. Likewise, with a computer, it follows a certain order of
instructions to display a correct result.

Classification of Hardware
Flowchart 1 shows the flow of processing data.
Data are accepted through the input devices to be
processed by a processor or the Central Processing
Unit. The processed information will either be
displayed through output devices or stored
temporarily to a storage device.
Flowchart 1. Data
What devices are classified as input Processing

devices, processing unit, output devices, and storage

devices? Let us discover them one by one.
Input Devices. Input Devices composed of devices that accept data and instructions
from a user or from other computer system. Below are examples of input devices:
INPUT DEVICES
FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION
NAME IMAGE/ILLUSTRATION

The most common and very popular input

KEYBOARD device which helps to input data to the
computer.

Mouse is the most popular pointing

MOUSE
device.

The information that is available on paper

SCANNER is to be transferred to the hard disk of the
computer for further manipulation.

Microphone is an input device to input

MICROPHONE
sound that is then stored in a digital form.

3
 Bar Code Reader is a device used for
BAR CODE
reading bar-coded data (data in the form
READER
of light and dark lines).

These are just some of the input devices of which are more commonly used.

Processing Unit
There is only one processing unit called the Processor or
the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
It has the following features:
• It is considered as the brain of the computer.
• It performs all types of data processing
operations.
• It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
• It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.
CPU itself has the following components.
• Memory or Storage Unit
• Control Unit
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Flowchart 2 gives a clearer picture of what is
inside the processor. This time let us look at
Flowchart 2.
the functions of each unit. What are their Components of
specific roles that make processing of CPU
information fast?

Memory or Storage Unit. This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate
results. This unit supplies information to other units of the computer when needed. It
is also known as internal storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or
Random-Access Memory (RAM). Its size affects speed, power, and capability. Primary
memory and secondary memory are two types of memories in the computer. Functions
of the memory unit are:
• It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.
• It stores intermediate results of processing.
• It stores the results of processing before these results are released to an output
device.
• All inputs and outputs are transmitted through the main memory.

Control Unit. This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but
does not carry out any actual data processing operations.
Functions of this unit are:
• It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other
units of a computer.
• It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
• It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the
operation of the computer.
• It communicates with Input/output devices for transfer of data or results from
storage.
• It does not process or store data.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit). This unit consists of two subsections namely:
• Arithmetic Section. Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic
operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex
operations are done by making repetitive use of the above operations.
• Logic Section. Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as
comparing, selecting, matching, and merging of data.

Output Devices
Output devices are peripherals that receive data from a computer, usually for
display, projection, or physical reproduction.

4
 These are examples of these devices:

OUTPUT DEVICES
FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION
NAME IMAGE/ILLUSTRATION
A monitor displays video images and texts
that are made up of circuitry, a screen, a
MONITOR power supply, buttons to adjust screen
settings, and casing that holds all these
components.
A printer is an output device that takes the
electronic data stored on a computer or
PRINTER
other device and produces a hard copy of
it.
A projector is an output device that can
take images generated by a computer or
PROJECTOR Blu-ray player and reproduce them by
projecting onto a screen, wall, or another
surface virtually.
A computer speaker is an output device
that connects to a computer to
SPEAKER
generate sound. Other forms of this are
the headphones or headsets.

Storage Devices
Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage, storage media, or storage
medium, a storage device is any hardware capable of holding information either
temporarily or permanently.

Below are storage devices:

STORAGE DEVICES
FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION
NAME IMAGE/ILLUSTRATION

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-

HARD DRIVE volatile data storage device that is usually
installed internally in a computer.
This storage device uses lasers and lights
as its method of reading and writing data.
OPTICAL
Examples are: Blu-ray disc, CD-ROM disc,
STORAGE
CD-R and CD-RW disc, DVD-R, DVD+R,
DVD-RW, and DVD+RW disc.
This is a small electronic device containing
FLASH DRIVE flash memory used to store data and can
be transferred to other computer devices.

Data are stored online and in cloud

ONLINE AND
storage that can be accessed in any device
CLOUD
if there is an internet connection.

5
 What’s More

Activity 2. Flash Cards

Directions: The front side of the flashcards contains images of various computer
hardware devices. The back side contains a category, CLASSIFICATION or NAME. If the
category is CLASSIFICATION, your answer must either be INPUT DEVICE, OUTPUT
DEVICE, STORAGE DEVICE or PROCESSING UNIT. If the category is NAME, your
answer must be the name of the hardware itself.
1. 2.

NAME CLASSIFICATION

FRONT BACK FRONT BACK

3.
4.

CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION

FRONT BACK
FRONT BACK

What I Have Learned

1. Computer hardware is classified as input devices, processing unit, output devices

and storage devices. Each play very important roles in carrying out tasks or
instructions.
2. Input devices are hardware that accepts data and instructions from a user
or from other computer system. Some examples of input devices are
keyboard, mouse, joystick, light Pen, scanner, microphone, and bar code
reader.
3. The processing unit is responsible in performing all types of data processing
operations, storing data, intermediate results and instructions and controls the
operation of all parts of the computer. Its three main components
arememory/Storage unit, control unit, and arithmetic unit.
4. Output devices are peripherals that receive data from a computer and display them
either in a virtual or hardcopy form. Examples of output devices are monitor,
printer, projector, and speaker.
5. Storage devices are also called digital storage because data are stored either
temporarily or permanently in a softcopy form. Examples are Hard Drive, Optical
Storage, Flash Drive, and Online and Cloud.

What I Can Do

Activity 3. Picture Collage

Instructions: Look for old magazines, newspapers, and other periodicals. Cut
out pictures of any computer hardware or peripheral that you see. Paste them on a
short-sized copy paper. Write a title for your collage. You may add some design to
make your output more attractive and presentable.
Criteria: Content – 50% Presentation – 50%
You may show your output to your parents/guardian and let them judge it according
to the criteria above.
6
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following charts shows the proper order of computer operation?
A. B.

C. D.

2. These are devices that accept data and instructions from a user or from other
computer system.
A. Input Devices C. Processing Unit
B. Output Devices D. Storage Devices

3. Which of the following devices works like a photocopy machine where the
information from a paper is converted into a softcopy form?
A. Monitor C. Projector
B. Printer D. Scanner

4. Which of the following input devices inputs sound then stores it in a digital form?
A. Joystick C. Microphone
B. Light Pen D. Speaker

5. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the task of a processing
unit?
A. It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.
B. It holds information either temporarily or permanently.
C. It performs all types of data processing operations.
D. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).

6. Which of the following units is NOT a main component of a processing unit?

A. Arithmetic & Logic Unit C. Memory Unit
B. Control Unit D. Output Unit

7. Which of the following CPU components performs operations such as comparing,

selecting, and merging of data.?
A. Arithmetic & Logic Unit C. Memory Unit
B. Control Unit D. Output Unit

8. If you want to display video images and texts in a pictorial form, what output
device should you use?
A. CCTV C. Printer
B. Monitor D. Projector

7
 9. If you need a hardcopy of your work, what output device should you connect to
the computer to produce it?
A. CCTV C. Printer
B. Monitor D. Projector

10. What computer hardware is also referred to as digital storage because it holds
information temporarily or permanently?
A. Input Device C. Processing Unit
B. Output Device D. Storage Device

11. This device is described as non-volatile that is usually installed internally in a

system unit. What device is this?
A. Flash Drive C. Hard Drive
B. Floppy Drive D. Optical Drive

12. This storage device can be accessed in any computer with internet connection.
What device is referred to?
A. Cloud Storage C. Internal Storage
B. Flash Drive Storage D. Optical Storage

13. Which of the following is NOT considered a Cloud storage?

A. Google Drive C. Local Disk
B. iCloud D. OneDrive

14. Movies are usually stored on a DVD-R disc. What storage device is this?
A. Cloud Storage C. Hard Storage
B. Flash Storage D. Optical Storage

15. What output device is connected to a computer to generate sound?

A. CCTV C. Speaker
B. Microphone D. Webcam

Additional Activities

Have you experienced playing any video game before? What video game have you
played for the first time? How was your experience? Share your experience by composing
a 5-7sentence paragraph. You may also ask other members of the family whom you
were able to play with or have played same video game to help you with the activity.

MY FIRST VIDEO GAME EXPERIENCE

__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.

8
8
Technical-Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 6 Module:
Computer Software and Other
Applications
TVE 8 - PROGRAMMING
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Week 6 Module: Computer Software and Other Applications
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb, DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jean T. Tumaneng

Editor: Arlene A. Purisima

Reviewer: Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Layout Artist: Jean T. Tumaneng

Rosiel Eva M. Lazaro

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Celedonia T. Teneza EdD
Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM
2nd Edition Revalidation 2021:
Content Validator: Mayumi P. Realosa EdD
Language Validator: Maylen M. Patanao

Layout Validator: Jean T. Tumaneng

Reviewers: Nida S. Garduque

TVE Department Head III – BNAHS

Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen PhD

Principal IV – BNAHS

Samuel L. Sia EdD

Public Schools District Supervisor

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City

Through the Support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

Hello, Grade 8 Learners! This module is designed to help you fully understand
the Software and Other Applications and some basic computer terms. Feel free to
explore each part and accomplish each activity at your own pace.
This module is here to guide you through this lesson. In case you were not
able to follow and understand some parts, you can always go back and review.

Are you ready? Let us start.

The module is composed of one (1) lesson, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Computer Software and Other Applications

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the term software;
2. recognize the different types of software;
3. classify various application software according to their type.

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What term is described as a set of programs designed to perform well-defined

functions?
A. Firmware B. Hardware C. Peopleware D. Software

2. What are the two broad types of software?

A. Fixed and Custom C. System and Application
B. Information and Communication D. Windows and Linux

3. Which of the following software is designed to operate, control, and extend the
processing capabilities of the computer itself?
A. Gmail B. iOS C. MS Word D. YouTube

4. An application software may consist of a collection of programs. What is this

collection of programs often called?
A. Application Package C. Hardware Package
B. Boxed Package D. Software Package

5. Which of the following software is an example of System Software?

A. B.

C. D.

1
 6. System software is different from application software because of some features.
Which of the following is a prominent feature of system software that makes it
different from application software?
A. Difficult to understand C. More interactive
B. Easy to manipulate D. Slow in speed

7. Programmers are problem-solvers. They write programs to cater the needs of

organizations. What type of application software do they create or develop?
A. Custom B. Designed C. General Purpose D. Multi-Purpose

8. Which of the following applications are correctly paired?

A. Assemblers -> MATLAB C. Interpreters -> Linux
B. Compilers -> Java D. Operating System – > C++

9. What system software reads the complete source program written in high level
language in one go and translates it into an equivalent program in machine
language?
A. Assembler B. Compiler C. Interpreter D. Operating System

10. This system software translates the program written in assembly language into
machine code. What system software does this process?
A. Assembler B. Compiler C. Interpreter D. Operating System

11. Which of the following applications is considered a software package which

consists of a collection of programs working together to accomplish a task?
A. Bracket B. Notepad C. Notepad ++ D. MS Excel

For items 12 – 15. Determine the type of software for each item.

12.
A. System Software
B. Application Software

13. A. System Software

B. Application Software

14. A. System Software

B. Application Software

15.
A. System Software
B. Application Software

2
 Lesson Computer Software and Other
1 Applications

What’s In

Hangman Game
Game Mechanics: Guess the
word/s by selecting a letter of the
alphabet. If the letter is contained in
the word/phrase, write the letter on
their respective blanks, and take
another turn guessing a letter.
Otherwise, complete a portion of the
hangman by drawing a solid line
starting from the pole. Play it with a
partner. Your partner will tell
whether your guess is contained or
not. The correct answer can be found at the Answer Key part of this module. Oops!
Be honest. Only your partner should see the correct answer.
Hint: The phrase is a computer hardware device or peripheral.

What’s New

Activity 1. Four Pics One Word. Guess the word by using the four images as
hints. Write your guess on a separate sheet of paper.

________ ____________

______
_______

3
 _________

What is It

Software Defined
Software is a set of programs designed to perform a well-defined function. These
programs are sequence of instructions written to solve a problem. You can buy
programs that are prewritten on a disc or can be downloaded from the Web. A
programmer is an individual who writes software instructions which will be your job in
the future.
Software can be classified into two broad types:
• System Software
• Application Software

System Software
The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control,
and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. It serves as the interface
between the hardware and the end users.

Examples of system software are:

Operating System - supports a
computer's basic functions,
such as scheduling tasks,
executing applications, and
controlling peripherals.
Compiler - reads the complete
source program written in high
level language in one go and
translates it into an equivalent
program in machine language.

Interpreter – translates a single

statement of source program
into machine code and executes
it immediately before moving on
to the next line.
Assembler - translates the
program written in Assembly DOS, x86, Motorola 68*, Zilog Z80
language into machine code.

A system software is characterized as close to the system, fast in speed,

difficult to design, difficult to understand, less interactive, smaller in size, difficult to
manipulate, and generally written in low-level language.

4
Application Software
Application (APP in short)
software products are designed to
satisfy a need of an environment. All
software applications prepared in the
computer lab can come under the
category of Application software.
Application software may consist of a
single program, such as Microsoft's
notepad for writing and editing a simple
text. It may also consist of a collection
of programs, often called a software
package, which works together to
accomplish a task such as a spreadsheet
package.
Examples of Application software that are general in purpose are the following:
When we say general purpose application software, these are software that are
designed as feature-full packages. They are sometimes called “off-the-shell”
applications.
Other application software is intended for organizations to cater to specific needs.
These are called Custom Application software. Some examples are Payroll Software,
Student Record Software, Inventory Management Software, Income Tax Software,
Railways Reservation Software, Online Banking System, Employee Information System,
and Military Communication System.
Application software is characterized as close to the user, easy to design, more
interactive, slow in speed, generally written in high-level language, easy to understand,
easy to manipulate and use, and bigger in size and requires large storage space.
As future computer programmers, you will be creating these kinds of software.
Do you already have something in mind? Can you think of a software that is not existing
yet?

What’s More

Activity 2. Picture Grouping. Below are logos of various software. Group or arrange
them according to their classification. All SYSTEM SOFTWARE should be
placed inside the square while all APPLICATION SOFTWARE should be
placed inside the circle.

5
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms to

complete each of the given statements.

1____________ is a set of programs designed to perform a well-defined

function. These programs are sequence of 2____________ written to solve a problem.
It has two types namely: 3_____________ and 4_____________.
5_____________ software is a collection of programs designed to operate,
control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. Examples of this
software are 6____________,7_____________,8_____________. Some features of this
software are 9____________,10_____________,11_______________,12_____________,and
13______________.
14_____________ software is designed to satisfy a need of an environment. It
may consist of a collection of programs called 15_______________, which work together
to accomplish a task.

What I Can Do

Activity 3. My First APP. During the discussion, I have asked you to think of an
application or software that is not existing yet. Did you take note of that?
Very good. Use that in completing the table below.

Proposed Name of
the Software:
Short Description:

Specifications:

Target Users:

Accessibility:

Logo:

Criteria: Relevance of the Software – 50% Presentation – 50%

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following software translates a single statement of source program

into machine code and executes it immediately before moving to the next line?
A. B.

C. D.

6
2. Which of the following features explains why a System software is difficult to
understand?
A. Difficult to design
B. Generally written in low-level language
C. Fast in speed
D. Smaller in size

3. Which of the following is correctly paired?

A. Application Software - Python
B. Custom Application Software - Notepad
C. General Purpose Application Software – MS PowerPoint
D. System Software - YouTube

4. An organization plans to digitize its existing Payroll System. What software will
be created or developed for the purpose?
A. Custom Application Software
B. General Purpose Application Software
C. Package Software
D. System Software

5. Which of the following software is considered a Custom Application software

because it caters to a specific need of an organization?
A. Facebook
B. Google Drive
C. MS PowerPoint
D. Payroll System Software

6. This term is more commonly known for its abbreviation App.

A. Appeal
B. Applause
C. Apple
D. Application

7. What do we call an individual who writes software instructions?

A. Creator
B. Editor
C. Programmer
D. Writer

8. This application software is designed as feature-full packages. What are they

sometimes called?
A. Off-the-box
B. Off-the-circle
C. Off-the-shell
D. Off-the-square

9. Which of the following application software can be used by a department store to

manage items on stock?
A. Customer Information Software
B. Income Tax Software
C. Inventory Management Software
D. MS Word Software

7
 10. Which of the following is a feature of an application software?
A. Close to the system
B. Easy to manipulate and use
C. Fast in speed
D. Written in low-level language

For items 11-15. Determine whether the application is a General purpose or Custom.

11. MS Publisher
A. General Purpose
B. Custom

12. Online banking Software

A. General Purpose
B. Custom

13. Military Communication Software

A. General Purpose
B. Custom

14. Google Chrome

A. General Purpose
B. Custom

15. Learner Information System Software

A. General Purpose
B. Custom

Additional Activities

Do you know that you can hear someone talking at a certain distance using tin
cans and string only? Here is what you are going to do.
Collect two (2) tin cans of same size and shape. Remove fully the top opening
only, then create a small hole on the bottom opening. Insert one end of a 3-meter yarn
or string then make a knot to lock the string. Do the same with the other end. There
you have a simple telephone line. Put one end near your mouth when you talk and near
your ear when you listen to the other line.
Write some observations. Save your output for the next lesson.

8
8
Technical – Vocational
Education (TVE)
PROGRAMMING
Quarter 1 – Week 7 Module:
Overview of Computer Network
and Network Devices
TVE 8 – PROGRAMMING
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Week 7 Module: Overview of Computer Networks and Network Devices
Second Edition, 2021

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agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb, DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jean T. Tumaneng

Editor: Arlene A. Purisima

Reviewer: Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Layout Artist: Jean T. Tumaneng

Rosiel Eva M. Lazaro
Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM

2nd Edition Revalidation 2021:

Content Validator: Mayumi P. Realosa EdD

Language Validator: Maylen M. Patanao

Layout Validator: Jean T. Tumaneng

Reviewers: Nida S. Garduque

TVE Department Head III – BNAHS

Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen PhD

Principal IV – BNAHS

Samuel L. Sia EdD

Public Schools District Supervisor

Celedonia T. Teneza EdD

Education Program Supervisor, EPP/TLE/TVL/ABM

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Through the Support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882 - 5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

Hello, Grade 8 Learners! This module is designed to help you fully understand
the Networking and Network Devices and some basic network terms. Feel free to explore
each part and accomplish each activity at your own pace.
This module is here to guide you through this lesson. In case you were not
able to follow and understand some parts, you can always go back and review the
parts.
Are you ready? Let us start.

This module is composed of one (1) lesson only:

• Lesson 1 – Computer Network and Network Devices

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define network and networking in computers;
2. recognize the four basic types of network and their network topologies;
3. familiarize oneself with the various network devices;
4. describe the network topologies in terms of their features, advantages, and
disadvantages.

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What term is described as a collection of computers, software, and hardware that

are all connected to help their users work together?
A. Connection C. Intraconnection
B. Interconnection D. Network
2. What type of network is known as the most common where computers are
connected within a single geographical location, such as one office building, office
suite, or home?
A. Local Area Network (LAN)
B. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
C. System Area Network (SAN)
D. Wide Area Network (WAN)
3. The diagrams below show two types of network topology marked as X and Y.
Which of the following statements best describes the difference of the two?

X Y
A. X can handle a few dozen computers while Y can handle more.
B. X has exactly two neighbors while Y only has one.
C. X is difficult to install while Y can be installed easily.
D. X uses a single, shared cable while Y uses multiple, separate cables.
4. What would likely happen if the backbone cable of a bus network fails?
A. It will only take down one computer's network access and not the entire
LAN.
B. Message will take several possible paths from the source destination.
C. Messages will travel in a counterclockwise direction.
D. The entire network effectively becomes unusable.

1
5. Installing a network needs network device. What device gathers the signals from
devices that are connected to it, and then regenerates a new copy of each signal?
A. Bridge
B. Ethernet switch
C. Hub
D. Router
6. One of the characteristics of a LAN, as shown in
the figure at the right, is the presence of a device
that filters data traffic at a network boundary.
What do we call this network device?
A. Bridge
B. Ethernet switch
C. Hub
D. Router
7. What term refers to an internetworking system capable of joining two networks
that use different base protocols and can be implemented completely in software,
completely in hardware, or as a combination of both?
A. Network firewall
B. Network gateway
C. Network interface
D. Network modem
8. Which of the following network devices translates digital signals from a
computer into analog signals that can travel across conventional phone lines?
A. Bridge
B. Hub
C. Modem
D. Router
9. The figure at the right shows a secure and
protected network. What network device
protects a computer network from
unauthorized access and guards an internal
computer network against malicious access
from the outside? Outsi
A. Bridge de
B. Firewall Computer
C. Gateway Network
D. Interface
10. Which network topology is applicable to large geographic areas like Florida, the
United States, or the world?
A. LAN
B. MAN
C. PAN
D. WAN
11. The following are statements that characterize a computer network EXCEPT
ONE.
A. Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the
network.
B. Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the
other computer(s) connected over the network.
C. Let other computers of the network use the machines that are not available
over the network.
D. Share resources from one computer to another.
12. Which of the following devices is a necessary component of a computer, for
without it, a computer cannot be connected over a network?
A. Ethernet port
B. Network card
C. Router
D. Switch

2
 13. Each host machine connects to exactly two other machines, creating a circular
network connection. What network topology is described?
A. Bus
B. Mesh
C. Ring
D. Star
14. Which of the following network topologies is the easiest to maintain?
A. Mesh
B. Ring
C. Star
D. Tree
15. This network topology is characterized by having all hosts connected to a central
device using a point-to-point connection.
A. Mesh
B. Ring
C. Star
D. Tree

Lesson Computer Network and Network

1 Devices

What’s In

Logo Quiz. Give the name of the following software logos. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper. Then, indicate whether it is a System Software or an
Application Software.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What’s New

Activity 1. Semantic Web

What can you say about the illustrations
on the left? Can you discuss their
similarities and differences?
The illustration on the left shows an
Intranet wherein local computers are
connected to each other but not available to
the world outside while the illustration on
the right shows a worldwide system of
interconnected computer networks. Both are illustrations of Network or Computer Network.

What is It

A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each

other to share information and resources. It consists of two or more computers that are linked
to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic
communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines,
radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

A computer network is characterized by the following capabilities:

• Share resources from one computer to another.

3
 • Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer(s)
connected over the network.
• Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the network and let
other computers of the network use the machines available over the network.

There are several types of network. The four (4) basic types to be presented are based on the size
of the network of the geographic area they occupy.
1. Personal Area Network, or PAN. A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network
organized around an individual within a single building. A typical PAN would include one or
more computers, telephones, peripheral devices, video game consoles and other personal
entertainment devices. A PAN allows you to do the following tasks:
• Send a document to the printer in the office upstairs while you are sitting on the couch
with your laptop.
• Upload a photo from your cell phone to your desktop computer.
• Watch movies from an online streaming service to your TV.
2. Local Area Network, or LAN. A local area network, or LAN, consists of a computer network
at a single site, typically an individual office building. A LAN is very useful for sharing
resources and can be built with relatively inexpensive hardware.
3. Metropolitan Area Network, or MAN. A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a
computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A MAN is larger than
a LAN, which is typically limited to a single building or site. A MAN is often used to connect
several LANs together to form a bigger network.
4. Wide Area Network, or WAN. A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such
as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller networks, such
as LANs or MANs. The Internet is the best-known example of a public WAN.

To set up a network, you will be needing the following hardware:

Network Function Illustration
Hardware
Network Cables. Use to connect computers.
Example:
Category 5 cable
RJ 45
Distributors Connect multiple computers to produce a network and
manages/distributes network traffic.

Router Acts as the central point among computers and other

devices.

Network Cards A computer cannot be connected over a network

without this, also known as the Network Interface
Card.
Network Hub Transmits data to all the connected ports. Inefficient,
not safe, and secure.
Network Switch Filters and forwards the data transferred by the hub
to the interface of the intended receiver.

Modem Short for Modulator/Demodulator. Translates digital

signals from a computer into signals that can travel
across conventional phone lines.
Bridge Unites two or more network segments. It stores and
transmits frames among the various segments.
Repeater Reproduces the signal on a similar network before the
signal gets weak.
Gateway Converts network technologies that are connected to
two or many autonomous networks with own domain.
Firewall Protects a computer network from unauthorized
access by monitoring incoming and outgoing network
traffic and decides whether to allow or block.

Network Topologies
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement,
connecting various nodes (sender and receiver) through lines of connection.

4
1. BUS Topology. Bus topology is a
network type in which every computer
and network device is connected to a
single cable. When it has exactly two
endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus
topology.

2. RING Topology. It is called ring topology because it forms a

ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the
last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each
device.

3. STAR Topology. In this type of topology all the computers are

connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central
node and all other nodes are connected to the central node.

4. MESH Topology. It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes

or devices. All the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh
has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.

5. TREE Topology. It has a root node and all other nodes

are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called
hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels
to the hierarchy.

6. HYBRID Topology. It is a combination of two different types of

topologies. For example, in an office, one department uses the ring
topology while another department uses the star topology, then
connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring
topology and star topology).

The table below compares the different network topologies.

Topology Features Advantages Disadvantages
Bus • It transmits data only • It is cost effective. • If the cables fail then,
in one direction. • Cable required is least the whole network
• Every device is compared to another fails.
connected to a single network topology. • If network traffic is
cable. • It is easy to heavy or nodes are
understand. more, the
• Easy to expand by performance of the
joining two cables network decreases.
together. • It is slower than the
ring topology.
Ring • Several repeaters are • Transmission is not • Troubleshooting is
used for Ring topology affected by high difficult in ring
with large number of traffic. topology.
nodes. • Cheap to install and • Failure of one
• Prevents data loss expand. computer disturbs
• Bi-directional (Dual the whole network.
Ring Topology).
Star • Every node has its own • Fast performance • Cost of installation is
dedicated connection with few nodes. high.
to the hub. • Hub can be upgraded • Expensive to use.
• Hub acts as a repeater easily. • If the hub fails, then
for data flow. • Easy to setup and the whole network is
modify. stopped.

5
 Mesh • Fully connected. • Each connection can • Installation and
• Robust. carry its own data configuration are
• Not flexible. load. difficult.
• It is robust.
Tree • Ideal if workstations • Extension of bus and • Heavily cabled.
are in groups. star topologies. • Costly.
• Used in Wide Area • Easily managed and • If central hub fails,
Network. maintained. the network fails.
Hybrid • It is a combination of • Reliable as Error • Complex in design.
two or more topologies. detecting and • Costly.
troubleshooting is
easy, Effective,
Flexible.

What’s More

Activity 2. Pair Match. Match the network devices in Column A with their correct
descriptions in Column B.
A B

__________ 1. Router a. It converts network technologies that are connected to

two or many autonomous networks with own domain.
__________ 2. Bridge b. It acts as the central point among computers and other
devices that are part of the network.
__________ 3. Modem c. It transmits data to all the connected ports; inefficient,
not safe, and secure.
__________ 4. Gateway d. It unites two or more network segments.
__________ 5. Hub e. It translates digital signals from a computer into
signals that can travel across conventional phone lines.
f. It filters and forwards the data transferred by the hub
to the interface of the intended receiver.

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions.

1. What is computer network or network?
2. What are the four (4) broad types of network based on the size they occupy?
3. Enumerate the various network hardware and devices. Describe them briefly.
4. What is network topology?
5. What are the types of network topologies? Which type of network topology do
you think has the best features?

What I Can Do

Activity 4. IT Team Relay

Instructions: Have three members of the family join you. Assign one to be the reader,
the other one to be the writer, and still the other one to be the speaker. The writer needs
a pen and paper. To do the activity, the reader reads aloud the vlog below while the
writer and the speaker listen attentively. The writer jots down what he/she hears while
the speaker will talk about what he/she has heard from the reader.

6
 What does the network of the future look like?
By TechRadar Pro June 19, 2019
The networks of the future will be fast, smart, and increasingly autonomous. Their
autonomy will go way beyond just basic automation features. These networks will be self-
driving, self-healing and self-operating most of the time, and help solve problems across
all industries and organizations. This will range from remotely connecting doctors with
their patients or powering next-level robotics, to identifying mission-critical parts wherever
they are within the supply chain on Earth and sending them up to the international space
station when they are needed. The power of these autonomous networks and the freedom
they provide to organizations around the world will be almost limitless.

Criteria: Reader: Clarity – 20 Speaker: Pronunciation - 20

Volume – 15 Volume - 10

Writer: Quality – 20
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics – 15

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What term is referred to as a system in which multiple computers are connected
to each other to share information and resources??
A. Computer B. Connection C. Network D. System
2. What type of network is characterized by a computer network organized around
an individual within a single building that includes telephone lines, peripheral
devices, video game consoles and other entertainment devices?
A. Local Area Network C. Personal Area Network
B. Metropolitan Area Network D. Wide Area Network
3. This type of network consists of a computer network at a single site, typically an
individual office building that is built with relatively inexpensive hardware such
as hubs, network adapters, and Ethernet cables. What type of network is
described?
A. Local Area Network C. Personal Area Network
B. Metropolitan Area Network D. Wide Area Network
4. A Wide Area Network is known for its very large area of occupation. Which of the
following is the best example of this network?
A. Interconnection B. Internet C. Intraconnection D. Intranet
5. What network hardware is commonly used to physically connect computers?
A. Modem B. Network cable C. Network card D. Repeater
6. Unauthorized access to a computer network has become rampant nowadays.
Without this network device installed in your network, your network is not
exempted from this danger. What network device should be included in your
network?
A. Bridge B. Firewall C. Gateway D. Switch
7. Before a network signal gets weak, this network device has the capability to
reproduce it on a similar network. What network device can do this?
A. Hub B. Repeater C. Reproducer D. Switch
8. Two or more networks use this device to be united while storing and transmitting
frames among the segments. What network device is included in the network?
A. Bridge B. Gateway C. Modem D. Repeater
9. Which of the following terms refers to the schematic description of a network
arrangement, connecting various nodes through lines of connection?
A. Arrangement B. Placement C. Topology D. Tropology

7
 10. A network is arranged so that each computer is connected to another computer
with the last one connected to the first having each computer exactly two
neighbors. What network topology is set up?
A. Bus B. Ring C. Star D. Tree
11. What network topology is used in small networks making it cost effective, easy to
understand, and easy to expand by joining two cables together?
A. Bus B. Mesh C. Ring D. Tree
12. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a Star topology?
A. It is heavily cabled.
B. It requires costly installation.
C. If the cables fail, then the whole network fails.
D. It is robust.
13. Which of the following best describes a Hybrid topology?
A. Data flow in opposite direction.
B. Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
C. Ideal if workstations are in groups.
D. It is a combination of two or more topologies.
14. Which of the following topologies is known for having several repeaters with
large number of nodes?
A. Hybrid B. Mesh C. Ring D. Tree
15. When the hub fails, the whole network stops because all the nodes depend on the
hub. How is this network arranged?
A. Bus B. Ring C. Star D. Tree

Additional Activities
Panel Interview. Invite other members of the family. Assign one member as a
facilitator. Assign at least two members as panelists including you. The facilitator
will be the one to ask questions and manage the flow of conversation. The topic will
come from the lessons in Module 1 to Module 5.