Uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advantages, Disadvantages and Risks

CHAPTER 1
The Problem and the Background

Introduction And Background of the Study

This expression Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first coined by John
McCarthy at the Dartmouth Artificial intelligence conference in 1956. Leading
researchers from different disciplines converged to discuss topics on the
abstraction of content from sensory inputs, the relationship of randomness to
creative thinking, and others that developed the concept around “thinking
machines”. Most participants envisaged the possibility of computers having
capabilities to mimic the intelligence of human beings, but their biggest
question was how and when it would happen. Currently, Artificial Intelligence
is developing and spreading over every part of the world at an alarming rate
(Tegmark, 2015). It plays an increasingly important role in our daily life. As the
introduction of AI and Machine learning is catching on with many people, its
use in different devices, applications, and services are becoming widespread
(Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019). Applications such as Google duplex (chat agent
that can carry out specific verbal tasks, such as making a reservation or
appointment, over the phone) and FaceApp, which uses AI to identify persons
that are tagged in other photos in Facebook are some AI applications and
services. Other intelligent appliances such as autonomous vacuum cleaners
are examples of AI applications. As indicated earlier, the use of AI in education
cannot be overemphasized. Yuki and Sophia the humanoid robot are examples
of AI applications in education (Retto, 2017).
According to a study titled "Artificial intelligence innovation in education:
A twenty-year data-driven historical analysis," AI has rapidly transformed
industries such as healthcare, transportation, retail, and finance, and is
increasingly becoming part of our daily lives (source: ScienceDirect). Another
article titled "AI technologies for education: Recent research & future
directions" provides a comprehensive review of empirical studies on AI in
education, highlighting its impact and potential (source: ScienceDirect).
Additionally, AI applications in education, such as predictive analytics,
recommender systems, intelligent tutoring systems, and natural language
processing, have been shown to improve decision-making and student
performance (source: Taylor & Francis Online).
Teachers can use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve Student's
engagement and motivation, enhance Student's performance, have a cost-
effective learning, and have a continuous evaluation and improvement in the
long run. The use of AI applications in teaching can enhance the learning
experience in many ways such as personalized learning exercises thanks to AI
algorithms or instant feedback and communication thanks to AI natural
language processing. AI can also be employed to enhance gamified learning
which can further make learning enjoyable, engaging, and rewarding. Using AI
tools can guide educators to use a more interactive teaching approach which
may result in increased engagement and motivation in the class as well as
improved learning objective. Another significant pro of artificial intelligence in
education is that it can help enhance student performance with increased
feedback. AI-powered systems can evaluate students’ progress, provide them
with targeted feedback, and identify areas where they need improvement.
Moreover, AI can monitor students’ behavior patterns, assess their attention
levels, and determine if they need additional assistance in certain subjects,
granular areas, or specific skills. Instant, AI-powered feedback along will
enhanced learning experiences can be expected to push students’ abilities to
new heights. Using AI in Education can also reduce the cost of education from
an educational institution’s perspective, and quite significantly if used to its
potential. AI can automate a number of tasks assigned to administration,
teachers, IT, and more. For example, AI can take on daily tasks such as
grading, scheduling, data management, and even tutoring. With AI in
education, educational institutions can save on budget by cutting down
resources required to operate efficiently, thereby increasing cost-effectiveness.
Lastly is continuous evaluation and improvement. AI-powered EdTech tools
can easily collect, analyze, and provide report data to teachers on student
learning outcomes and behavior patterns. By using predictive analytics, AI can
provide educators with valuable insights from predicting future performance,
providing personalized interventions, early identification of at-risk students,
and refining instructional strategies.This useful information can enable
educators to have a more in-depth evaluation in understanding their student’s
strengths and weaknesses in the classroom. In addition, teachers can have the
chance to take their teaching strategies to the next level and give the best
learning experiences to their students.
Students, on the other hand, can use it for analization of learning gaps,
personalisation, instant question -answer activities, and time saving. With the
help of AI, students can now take charge of their own learning by using
intelligent platforms and tools to analyze their learning gaps. AI algorithms can
analyze students' performance data and provide personalized feedback,
enabling them to identify specific areas where they may be struggling. This self-
analysis empowers students to take targeted actions to address their learning
gaps and enhance their overall academic performance. AI enables students to
personalize their learning journeys in unprecedented ways. Through AI-
powered platforms and tools, students can customize their learning experience
based on their unique interests, learning styles, and goals. This personalization
empowers students to take ownership of their education, fostering engagement,
motivation, and ultimately, better learning outcomes. AI enables students to
instantly access question-answering capabilities, providing them with
immediate responses to their queries. Through AI-powered chatbots or virtual
assistants, students can ask questions related to their coursework,
assignments, or any other topic they need clarification on. This instant
question-answering feature of AI empowers students with on-demand
knowledge and support, enhancing their learning experience and promoting
independent learning. AI can save students valuable time by automating
repetitive tasks and streamlining their learning process. Through AI-powered
tools, students can quickly generate summaries, organize and categorize
information, and automate tasks like citation formatting or proofreading. This
time-saving aspect of AI allows students to focus more on critical thinking,
problem-solving, and engaging in deeper learning experiences.
The aim of this study is to examine the current advancements in AI
technology in education and assess the advantages, challenges and risks of
implementing AI in educational settings. The study intends to review relevant
research to gain insights into the current areas of focus and gain a
comprehensive understanding of AI technology in education. This
understanding will help educators and researchers in developing innovative
educational models. Additionally, the study will serve as a valuable resource for
future research in this field.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The use of artificial intelligence has become an increasingly popular tool
in education. This research aims to explore the advantages, challenges and
risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence in education. The
theoretical framework of this research draws upon two main theories: strong AI
and connectionism.
Strong AI aims to create intelligent machines that are indistinguishable
from the human mind. But just like a child, the AI machine would have to
learn through input and experiences, constantly progressing and advancing its
abilities over time.
(https://www.ibm.com/topics/strong.ai#:~:text=Strong%20AI%20aims%20to
%20create,advancing%20its%20abilities%20over%20time.)
On the other hand, connectionism is an approach to artificial intelligence
(AI) that developed out of attempts to understand how the human brain works
at the neural level and, in particular, how people learn and remember. Thus,
this approach is sometimes referred to as neuron-like computing. In 1943 the
neurophysiology Warren McCulloch of the University of Illinois and the
mathematician Walter Pitts of the University of Chicago published an
influential treatise on neural networks and automatons, according to which
each neuron in the brain is a simple digital processor and the brain as a whole
is a form of computing machine. As McCulloch put it subsequently, “What we
thought we were doing (and I think we succeeded fairly well) was treating the
brain as a Turing machine.”
(https://www.britannica.com/technology/connectionism-artificial-
intelligence)
The main objective of AI in education is to enhance teaching and learning
processes by leveraging intelligent technologies. According to Anthony Salcito,
Vice President of Worldwide Education at Microsoft "AI in education is not
about replacing teachers; it's about empowering them with intelligent tools and
insights to enhance the learning experience and improve student outcomes."
This study focuses on examining the utilization of artificial intelligence in
education with the specific aim of identifying and understanding the benefits
and drawbacks it brings to the educational context.
To have a clear direction in the conduction of this study, a schematic
diagram of the conceptual framework will be presented. As seen in the
schematic diagram, there is only one variable being investigated that is, the
uses of artificial intelligence in education of Grade 11 HUMSS and selected
teachers focuses on the three dimensions: (1) advantages; (2) challenges ; (3)
risks. As output, appropriate interventions, activities and suggested plans were
expected to be drawn to address the identified problems to yield implications to
teaching-learning delivery instructions.
 Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Advantages Challenges Risks

Appropriate Interventions, Activities and Suggested Plans

Implications to Teaching-Learning Delivery Instructions

Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem
The objective of this study is to explore the application of Artificial
Intelligence in education among Grade 11 HUMSS students and selected
teachers of Sipaway National High School in the Division of San Carlos City,
Negros Occidental during the school year 2024 - 2025. The study aims to
obtain qualitative insights by addressing the following research questions:
1. What are the uses of artificial intelligence (AI)
1.1 for teachers;
1.2 for students?
2. What are the advantages on using artificial intelligence (AI)
2.1 for teacher;
 2.2 for students?
3. What are the challenges on using artificial intelligence (AI)
3.1 for teachers;
3.2 for students?
4. What are the risks on using artificial intelligence (AI)
4.1 for teachers;
4.2 for students?
5. What possible suggested ways, interventions or plans to be undertaken
in using artificial intelligence (AI)
5.1 for teachers;
5.2 for students?
6. Based on the qualitative findings, what implications to teaching -
learning instructions may be drawn?

Significance of the Study

The outcomes of the project will offer valuable information and
contributions that can be beneficial to the subsequent tasks.
1. Curriculum-Maker and Implementers. The study findings could offer
valuable insights to those responsible for designing and implementing the
curriculum, regarding the potential utilization of artificial intelligence as an
educational tool. This research can assist them in integrating artificial
intelligence into the curriculum as an additional resource, ultimately improving
the teaching and learning experience.
2. School Administrators. The study also holds significance for school
administrators, as it presents valuable insights into the benefits, obstacles,
and potential risks associated with incorporating artificial intelligence in
education. This research can assist administrators in making well-informed
decisions regarding the integration and regulation of artificial intelligence in
schools.
3. Teachers. Teachers can derive benefits from the study's findings, as it
offers valuable insights into the integration of artificial intelligence into their
teaching methodologies. This research can help educators comprehend the
potential benefits, challenges, and risks associated with utilizing artificial
intelligence as a teaching tool, while also equipping them with strategies to
overcome these challenges.
4. Students. The study's findings can be advantageous for students, as
they provide information on how to leverage artificial intelligence to enhance
their learning journey. This research can assist students in understanding the
various ways artificial intelligence can be utilized to collaborate with
classmates, access educational materials, and enhance their academic
achievements.
5. Future Researchers. The study holds value for future researchers, as it
establishes a groundwork for further exploration of artificial intelligence's role
in education. This research can assist them in identifying gaps in current
knowledge and potential avenues for future investigation in the field of utilizing
artificial intelligence in education.