Module 1:

Q. 1 What is Value Education? Why is it necessary?

ANS: Character oriented education that tells the basic values and ethnic values is called ‘Value Based
Education’ The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value
education. Value education is important to help everyone in improving the value system that he/she holds and
puts it to use. Once, one has understood his/ her values in life he/she can examine and control the various
choices he/she makes in his/ her life. Value education enables us to understand our needs and visualize our
goals correctly and also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions and bring harmony at all levels. It
also helps remove our confusions and contradictions and enables us to rightly utilize the technological
innovations.

Q.2 Write a short note on the need for Value Education in today’s scenario.

ANS :

 Correct identification of our aspirations.

 Understanding universal human values to fulfil our aspirations in continuity

 Complementarity of values and skills

Q4. What do you mean by Sukh and Suvidha?

Ans: Sukh is a holistic and all-encompassing state of the mind that creates inner harmony. Sukh is also called
as happiness. Suvidha implies that it is looking for physical comforts and all the sources of attaining such
comforts. When our body gets used to a certain level of comfort then we will only feel comfortable at that level
e.g. comfort in fan, cooler or air conditioner. Different people have a different perception of suvidha and will
seek a corresponding level of suvidha according to their perceptions.

Q5. Define Sanyam and Swasthya. How are they helpful in keeping harmony between self and body.

Ans: Sanyama means the feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection and right utilization of
the body. Self-control or sanyama is the control of the mind and its desires, urges, emotions and delusions.
It is controlling the outgoing tendencies of the mind and the senses and bringing them back to our self within.
Swasthya is the condition of the body where every part of the body is performing its expected function.
The word swasthya literally means being anchored to the self, being in close harmony with the self. In other
words, swasthya, in Sanskrit means self– dependence (swa = your own). Also, embedded in its meaning are
health, sound state, comfort and satisfaction. So we can say that sanyam ensures swasthya.
Q3. How can you say that love is the complete value?

Ans: love is known as complete value because it related to all human beings. It is the emotion of strong
affection and personal attachment. Love is the strong affection and deep attachment to parent, child or friends. It
starts with identify one is related to other human being a feeling a of attraction and slowly expand of the feeling.
The word love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure
("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my wife").

1. Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human being
inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous.” If we have trust in the other, we are
able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary.
2. Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first basic
step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see our self different
from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am.
3. Affection: Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Affection comes when I recognize that
we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar.
4. Care: The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative. Or in other
words a state of mind in which one is troubled; worry, anxiety, or concern is called care.
5. Guidance: The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative) is called
guidance. We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings. We also understand that the
other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural acceptance, desire of wanting continuous happiness and the
program of living in harmony at all the four levels.
6. Reverence: The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence. When we see that
the other has achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmony at all the levels of
living ensuring continuity of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her.
7. Glory: Each one of us wants to live with continuous happiness and prosperity. Each one of us has the
similar faculty of natural acceptance, has the same goal and program and we have the same potential to realize
this. Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.
8. Gratitude: Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my
excellence. Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how they interpret the
situation.
9. Love: Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love is a
feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. This feeling or
value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It starts with
identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the
feeling of being related to all human beings

Q6. Harmony in human beings refers to a state of balance, peace, and coherence within individuals.

Q7. Four orders in Nature: Everything around us can be placed under the following 4 orders –

1. Material order – Padartha / Vastu avastha It includes the soil, metals, compounds, liquids, gases etc (on
earth) and the stars, planets, moon etc. (beyond earth)

2. Plant/ Bio order – Prana avastha It includes all flora such as grass, trees, seeds, fruits, flowers, parasitic
plants, carnivorous plants
3. Animal order – Jiva order It includes all the animals, birds and insects (from unicellular to complex
animals) 4. Human / Knowledge order – Gyana avastha It includes all the human beings (Body + I)
Interconnectedness and Mutual fulfilment between the four Orders (Parasparata and Paraspara Purakata)

Q8. Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.

Q9. . Define self exploration. What is the content of self – exploration?

Ans: Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is
right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself.
We live with different entirety (family, friends, air, soil, water, trees, etc.) and we want to understand our
relationship with all these. For this we need to start observing inside. The main focus of self-exploration is
myself - the human being. Content of self exploration is just finding answers to the following fundamental
questions of all human beings:

1. The Desire/Goal: What is my (human) Desire/ Goal? What do I really want in life, or what is the goal of
human life?

2. Program: What is my (human) program for fulfilling the desire? How to fulfil it? What is the program to
actualize the above?

In short, the above two questions cover the whole domain of human aspirations and human

endeavor. Thus, they form the content of self- exploration.

Q. Self exploration is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’.
Explain and illustrate.

Ans: Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is
right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the value of ourself. It
is a process of focusing attention on ourself, our present beliefs and aspirations vis-à-vis what we really want to
be (that is to say, what is naturally acceptable to us). If these two are the same, then there is no problem. If on
investigation we find that these two are not the same, then it means we are living with this contradiction (of not
being what we really want to be) and hence, we need to resolve this contradiction this conflict within us. It is a
process of discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables
us to look at our confusions and contradictions within and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural
acceptance.
Natural acceptance is innate, invariant and universal.” Explain this statement with an example. (MTU
2011–12)

Ans: Natural acceptance implies unconditional and total acceptance of the self, people and environment. It also
refers to the absence of any exception from others. Once we fully and truly commit ourself on the basis of
natural acceptance, we feel a holistic sense of inner harmony, tranquility and fulfillment. Actually natural
acceptance is way to accept the good things naturally. Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in,
and in our own way absorb it; do not become others. We can easily verify proposals in the basis of
characteristics of natural acceptance mentioned below:
a) Natural acceptance does not change with time. It remains invariant with time. For example our
natural acceptance for trust and respect does not change with age.
b) It does not depend on the place. Whatever we have accepted, in our life, at any time of our age, does
not change, even if we move from one place to another one.
c) It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditionings. No matter how deep our belief or past
conditioning, as long as we ask ourselves the question sincerely, as long as we refer deep within ourselves,
the answer will always be the same.
d) This natural acceptance is ‘constantly there’, something we can refer to. Natural acceptance is
always there. Whatever we do, this natural acceptance is within us, it is telling us what is right.
e) Natural acceptance is the same for all of us: it is part and parcel of every human being, it is part
of humanness. Though each one of us, may have different likes and dislikes and means to live and to react
etc. but if we go deep in our mind the purpose of our work, behaviour, efforts etc. are based on common
goals like need to be happy, need to be respected, need to get prosperity. So our basic acceptance remains
the same.

Q. What do the abbreviations given as SVDD, SSDD and SSSS signify?

Ans: To achieve our basic aspirations we need to work for right understanding as the base on which we can
work for relationship and then physical facilities. Today we are not working according to this that why we can
see that there are two kind of people in the world:
1. Those that do not have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e. SVDD: Sadhan
Viheen Dukhi Daridra – Materially Deficient, Unhappy and Deprived.
2. Those that have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e. SSDD: Sadhan Sampann
Dukhi Daridra – Materially Affluent, Unhappy and Deprived. But these are states we don’t want to be in.
We want to move from this to third category i.e.
3. Having physical facilities and feeling happy and prosperous i.e. SSSS: Sadhan Sampann Sukhi
Samriddha – Materially Adequate, Happy and Prosperous.

Q. Wealth vs Prosperity

Prosperity is defined as the state of success, wealth and good fortune. When someone possesses more than
required number of physical facilities, they may feel prosperous. Wealth, on the other hand, is a materialistic
concept and solely related to physical facilities. Prosperity is a feeling that also includes Wealth. A wealthy
person may feel ‘prosperous’ and feel ‘deprived’. Prosperity, unlike wealth, leads to the sharing of physical
facilities.