SHRI RAMDEOBABA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND MANAGEMENT, NAGPUR.

ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP LAB MINI PROJECT

REPORT
(6TH SEM, SESSION 2022-2023, ECP358)

“Automatic Waste Segregation System”

Submitted By:
Batch: A1
Group Number: 1

Adhishree Dhawde(Roll No.-01, Sec-A)

Mitaly Keshwani(Roll No.-11, Sec-A)
Arpan Malewar(Roll No.-24, Sec-A)

Guide Name: Dr. D. J. Dahigaokar

Workshop Coordinator: Prof. V. S. Lande

Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering
 Contents

1. Introduction Pg No 1

2. Impact of Project on society and the environment Pg No 4

3. Block diagram and Functional description Pg No 5

4. Circuit diagram and its description Pg No 6

5. PCB layout and Artwork Pg No 7

6. Working of Project Pg No 8

7. Result and Future Scope Pg No 9

8. References/ Citations Pg No 10

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 1. Introduction

With the increase in the development of smart cities, the idea of keeping the cities
clean is of the utmost importance. The amount of garbage produced is too large,
and the manual efforts required to process it are very tedious [2]. Waste
management is a critical issue in many urban areas due to the increasing amount of
waste generated by households, industries, and commercial establishments.

The inefficient management of waste leads to environmental pollution, health

hazards, and economic losses. With the evolution of technology in every field,
automated ways can be adopted to prevent the piling of garbage.

Thus, we have designed a waste segregator to provide ease in the disposal of waste
that is collected. The system consists of three bins, each one for wet, metal, and dry
waste.

The whole setup brings about automation and hence, reduces the human
intervention required in segregating the waste and provides successful collection
of the garbage from the bin at the appropriate time. An advantage of human
intervention being reduced is that the lives of people responsible for transportation
and disposal of waste is at a lesser risk. This is because as much they are exposed
to combinations of waste that much, they get affected by mixtures of all the
combined gases due to different types of waste. In this way the risk to their lives is
reduced to a great extent.

Another reason we have selected this project is because the usage is of all the
commonly used sensors because such sensors are easily available and their
integration with designing board is quite easily achievable. The project is easily
implementable as power supply is regulated through the board and easily being
given input to the sensor according to their requirement.

Also, we selected this project because we wanted the society to become a better
one in terms of waste management. Today we see people just throw off the waste
here and there without care, using our system it may change. As our model has
technology involved in it we may observe people taking interest in it and dispose
of the waste properly.

Our system is driven by a microcontroller- Arduino UNO, and the sensors are
programmed using the language- Embedded C.

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Keywords- Dry, wet, metal, sensors, Arduino UNO, embedded C

 Literature review:

Automatic Waste Sorting Machine [1]: The goal of this project is to sort at least
three different types of wastes: plastic, metal, and glass. The waste is directed by
the pipe into their respective waste bins. For sorting of waste, Arduino uno board
is used along with required sensors such as inductive sensor, capacitive sensor,
ultrasonic sensor and two servo motors for rotation of pipe. Sorting wastes of
different sizes and shapes is possible, but the performance is better with objects of
cylindrical shapes or cubic shape with limitations of the size. This study proposed
an automatic waste segregation and collection system using Arduino. The system
used sensors to detect and separate waste into different categories, such as organic,
recyclable, and non-recyclable waste. The study found that the system was
effective in segregating waste and had a high level of accuracy.

Waste Segregation using Deep Learning Algorithm [2]: This paper presents
automatic waste classification based on.Convolution Neural Network. It separates
the waste into non-biodegradable and biodegradable categories using. Deep
learning based image classification. The concept of Deep Learning permits
“processing of numerous layers through the computational models in order to learn
data representations with abstraction of multiple layers.” This is appropriate for
huge measure of waste. Classification of the materials in real time is done by using
webcam with python index package. Tensor flow and Spyder are the open source
software libraries that are used. The training process is very time consuming. It
prevents manual work to a large extent. The system reduces pollution level to a
large extend and has a possibility of becoming a large framework in the
coming years.

Waste Management using Internet of Things [2]: (IoT)This paper studies the
amount of time and money that is wasted due to the scheduled visits to the dustbins
in the area. There are times when the workers find the bins to be overflowing and
other times when the bins are not even filled to the brim. This causes one of the
main reasons for inefficiency in proper collection of waste and is also harmful for
the environment. Hence a smart bin which issolar powered and compacts the waste
is developed. It has sensors present in it which screens how much waste has been
amassed and consequently makes the waste compact so that it holds up to 10 times
of the ordinary containers. It can remotely transmit the fill level utilizing cloud
server. The bin can be utilized as a Wi-Fi hotspot and is powered by either battery
or solar energy. It detects how much waste is inside the compartment and remotely

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transmits fill level data to cloud server. This results in productive utilization of time
and keeps the roads more hygienic.

Automatic Waste Segregation and Management [3]: The segregation of waste

into wet, dry and metallic categories can help in discarding the waste appropriately
and in implementing the principle of Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. The wet waste
can be decomposed to produce manure for the plants, the metallic waste and the
dry waste can be recycled. Thus the Automatic Waste Segregator has a lot of
applications in the management of the waste. The system separates the waste in 3
different bins under the category of wet, dry and metallic. Different sensors are
used for the detection of the type of waste. The level of the garbage in the bins is
monitored continuously so that the bins don’t overflow and they are emptied
timely. The notification is sent to the concerned authority with the location at which
the bin is placed.

Experimental result shows that the waste has been successfully segregated into
glass, metallic, wet and dry using the Automatic Waste Segregator. The project has
been tested for different categories of waste namely wet, dry and metal. Wet waste
means organic wastes such as vegetable peel, garden wastes etc, dry waste include
paper wastes, plastic bottles etc, and metallic waste include safety pins, foil paper
etc. glass waste include frame glass, glass bottles etc. [4]

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 2. Impact of Project on society and the environment

Our project can solve the problem of segregation of waste faced by the individuals
as well as the authorities. The main problem faced these days is that the waste is
kept for long and mixed with each other. Due to which the different types of waste
react with each other and produce harmful gasses and are hazardous for the
biosphere.

This can be reduced if we separate the waste from each other and we do this so that
the types can be sorted and can be dumped or disposed off accordingly.

One of the main advantages is that it reduces the manual labor work and makes
throwing away garbage a simple task. Our project can prevent the heaps of waste
standing on each other waiting to be segregated and thus polluting the whole
environment like groundwater contamination and emission of greenhouse gasses.

Also if we separate recyclable materials from other waste, it becomes easier to

recycle them. This can help to conserve natural resources, reduce the energy
required for manufacturing new products, and decrease the amount of waste that
ends up in landfills.

Proper waste segregation promotes a culture of sustainability by encouraging

individuals and communities to take responsibility for their waste. This, in turn,
can help to raise awareness about environmental issues and encourage more
responsible behaviors.

The system will help reduce the workload of manual waste segregation and
promote sustainable practices by reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills.

The social goal of this project is to develop a low-cost, easy-to-use, and

environmentally friendly solution to improve waste management and promote a
cleaner and healthier environment. The system has the potential to be implemented
in various settings, such as residential areas, commercial establishments, and public
places.

The following sections will describe the methodology, components, and

implementation of the automatic waste segregation system using Arduino and
sensors along with diagram.

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 3. Block diagram and Functional description

● The components used in this project are:

1) Arduino Uno Board

2) IC 7805
3) Inductive sensor
4) IR sensor
5) Moisture sensor
6) Two servo motors
7) 12 v power supply

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 4. Circuit diagram and its description

The rotating pipe system detects the incoming waste which we put in the design
through the opening provided and classifies the waste as metal, dry, or wet type
using different sensors connected to the system using their characteristics and
deflects it into the respective bin. We have used Arduino uno as controller, two
servo motors, IR sensor, moisture sensor, inductive sensor, IC 7805 and 12 volts
power supply. We have given external 12 volts power supply to inductive sensor
and to arduino. Servo motors, IR sensor and moisture sensor works on 5 volts which
is taken from arduino and all the components are given common ground which as
well is taken from arduino. Outputs of all sensors are directly connected to arduino,
output of IR sensor is connected to pin 2, output of moisture sensor is connected to
pin 3 as we have taken digital output of moisture sensor, output of pipe servo motor
is given to pin 4 and output of lid servo motor is given to pin 5. For inductive sensor
output we have used IC 7805 as step down converter to step down the voltage so
that it would not damage arduino and then output of the IC is connected to pin 3.

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 5. PCB layout and Artwork

We have used a simple PCB layout in which we have 3 sections:

First second is for ground, it has ground connections of IR sensor, servo motors
and moisture sensor.
Second section is for +5 VCC supply for the above respective components.
Third section has an IC 7805 through which inductive sensor is connected and +12
power supply. The input of the ic is connected to output of the inductive sensor and
input of the inductive sensor is connected to the +12V of the power supply. The
output of the ic has +5 V which is connected to the Arduino uno.In this way we
give 12V to the inductive sensor and this 12 V is converted to 5V through the IC.

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 6. Working of Project

We have pipe in which above sensors will be installed and whose lid will be closed
when we throw garbage in the pipe ir sensor will detect the object then if inductive
sensor detects object then it is metal and pipe servo will rotate at 45 degree to metal
bin and stay at 45 degree till lid closes and lid servo will open lid at 180 degree
then after 5 sec it will close lid at 0 degree then pipe servo will be back at 0 degree
and moisture sensor takes analog input and if it is above threshold it will rotate at
90 degree to wet bin and stay at 90 degree till lid closes and lid will open for 5 sec
and then it will close then pipe will be back at its original position i.e. 0 degree
then if both moisture sensor and inductive sensor does not detect anything only ir
detects object then it will rotate at 135 degree to dry bin and stay at 135 degree till
lid is closed and lid will open for 5 sec and close after that pipe will be back at
original position.

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 7. Result and Future Scope

We have obtained our required result that is to segregate types of wastes into dry,
wet and metal types by making use of gravity which is quite doable and hence we
have made our project quite compact and cost efficient.The waste is categorized
and thus this helps in further disposal of waste as it need not be separated manually.

Our project involves use of various sensors together, as we have used only basic
sensors to fulfil our model’s requirements our project is design wise as well as
economically very feasible.

Further improvement in our model will increase the accuracy of our segregation of
our materials and give more precise results.

Now coming to economic feasibility, the main requirement of our model is Arduino
uno board, sensors and servo motors which are quite low in cost and some
additional components like pipe are also cheaper.
If we implement this model in real life on a large scale, then it might become a bit
costly because then we would need to scale the size of the components but it would
be cheaper as compared to current segregation methods as they use the idea of
conveyer belt which is costly.

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 8. References/ Citations

[1] Zemerart_Asani “Automatic Waste Machine”

https://www.instructables.com/Automatic-Waste-Sorting-Machine/

[2]R.S.Sandhya Devi, Vijaykumar VR , M.Muthumeena, “Waste Segregation

using Deep Learning Algorithm”, International Journal of Innovative Technology
and Exploring Engineering

[3] Himadri Nath Saha, Supratim Auddy, Subrata Pal, Shubham Kumar, Shivesh
Pandey, Rakhee Singh, Amrendra Kumar Singh, Swarnadeep Banerjee, Debmalya
Ghosh, Sanhita Saha,“Waste Management using Internet of Things
(IoT)”, IEEE 2017

[4] Cherry Agarwal, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Sir M.Visvesvaraya

Institute of Technology VTU, Bengaluru, India. Bhavesh Yewale, Dept. of
Electronics and Communication Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
VTU, Bengaluru, India. Chaithali Jagadish Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology VTU,
Bengaluru, India.

[5] Ashwini D ,“Automated Waste Segregator”, ISSN: 0975 – 6779| NOV 16 TO

OCT 17 |VOLUME – 04, ISSUE – 02 (2017)

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