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Learn HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides an overview of common HTML elements and their structure and usage, including headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and containers. It explains how elements are organized in a tree structure and how attributes configure elements. Closing tags, unique IDs, and alternative text are also covered.

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27 views

Learn HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides an overview of common HTML elements and their structure and usage, including headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and containers. It explains how elements are organized in a tree structure and how attributes configure elements. Closing tags, unique IDs, and alternative text are also covered.

Uploaded by

sajidmtariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/16/23, 3:28 PM Learn HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Elements and Structure

HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give


content to a web page and instructs web browsers on
how to structure that content.

Element Content

The content of an HTML element is the information <h1>Codecademy is awesome! 🙂</h1>


between the opening and closing tags of an element.

<li> List Item Element

The <li> list item element create list items inside: <ol>

Ordered lists <ol>


<li>Head east on Prince St</li>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
Unordered lists <ul>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<video> Video Element

The <video> element embeds a media player for video <video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
playback. The src attribute will contain the URL to the
Video not supported
video. Adding the controls attribute will display video
controls in the media player. </video>
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is
shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the
element.

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<em> Emphasis Element

The <em> element emphasizes text and browsers will <p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized
usually italicize the emphasized text by default.
in italics.</p>

<ol> Ordered List Element

The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in <ol>


sequential order. Each list item appears numbered by
<li>Preheat oven to 325 F 👩‍🍳</li>
default.
<li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>
<li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>
</ol>

<div> Div Element

The <div> element is used as a container that divides <div>


an HTML document into sections and is short for
<h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
“division”. <div> elements can contain flow content
such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc. <p>Here’s some text for the section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

HTML Structure

HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML <body>


elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings,
<div>
children, grandchildren, etc.
<h1>It's div's child and body's
grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

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Closing Tag

An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an <body>


HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left
...
angle bracket < followed by a forward slash / then
the element name and a right angle bracket to close
</body>
> .

Attribute Name and Values

HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the <elementName name="value"></elementName>
following syntax: name="value" and can be added to
the opening tag of an HTML element to configure or
change the behavior of the element.

<br> Line Break Element

The <br> line break element will create a line break in A line break haiku.<br>
text and is especially useful where a division of text is
Poems are a great use case.<br>
required, like in a postal address. The line break
element requires only an opening tag and must not Oh joy! A line break.
have a closing tag.

<img> Image Element

HTML image <img> elements embed images in <img src="image.png">


documents. The src attribute contains the image URL
and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element meaning
it should not have a closing tag.

<h1> - <h6> Heading Elements

HTML can use six different levels of heading elements. <h1>Breaking News</h1>
The heading elements are ordered from the highest
<h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> .
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

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<p> Paragraph Element

The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
block of text.
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>

Unique ID Attributes

In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>


assigned to different elements in order to differentiate
between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS
and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform
specific instructions on that element and that element
only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and
should only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens
( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods ( . ).

HTML Attributes

HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of <p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
an element to configure the element or change the
green;">Here’s some text for a paragraph
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, we
are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique that is being altered by HTML
identifier using the id attribute and changing the attributes</p>
color of the default text using the style attribute.

<ul> Unordered List Element

The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a <ul>


list of items in no particular order. Each individual list
<li>Play more music 🎸</li>
item will have a bullet point by default.
<li>Read more books 📚</li>
</ul>

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alt Attribute

An <img> element can have alternative text via the <img src="path/to/image" alt="text
alt attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if
describing image" />
an image fails to render due to an incorrect URL, if the
image format is not supported by the browser, if the
image is blocked from being displayed, or if the image
has not been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is
used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

<body> Body Element

The <body> element represents the content of an <body>


HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are
<h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)
rendered on the web browsers.
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a </h1>
document. </body>

<span> Span Element

The <span> element is an inline container for text and <p><span>This text</span> may be styled
can be used to group text for styling purposes.
differently than the surrounding text.
However, as <span> is a generic container to separate
pieces of text from a larger body of text, its use should </p>
be avoided if a more semantic element is available.

<strong> Strong Element

The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or <p>This is <strong>important</strong>


urgent text and browsers will normally render this
text!</p>
highlighted text in bold by default.

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HTML Element

An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML <p>Hello World!</p>


document and uses the following syntax: opening tag +
content + closing tag. In the code provided:

<p> is the opening tag.

Hello World! is the content.

</p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag

The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle <div>


bracket < followed by the element name and a closing
angle bracket > . Here is an example of an opening
<div> tag.

<a> Anchor Element

The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks <!-- Creating text links -->
in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit
other webpages, files on the same server, a location on
the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink this site</a>
reference attribute, href . The href determines the
location the anchor element points to. <!-- Creating image links -->
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this
image
</a>

<head> Head Element

The <head> element contains general information <!DOCTYPE html>


about an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page
<html>
itself. This information is called metadata and includes
things like the title of the HTML document and links to <head>
stylesheets. <!-- Metadata is contained in this
element-->
</head>
</html>
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<target> Target Attribute

The target attribute on an <a> anchor element <a href="https://www.google.com"


specifies where a hyperlink should be opened. A
target="_blank">This anchor element links
target value of "_blank" will tell the browser to open
the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a
to google and will open in a new tab or
new window in older browsers or if the browser has had window.</a>
settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new window.

Indentation

HTML code should be formatted such that the <div>


indentation level of text increases once for each level
<h1>Heading</h1>
of nesting.
It is a common convention to use two or four space
per level of nesting. <ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>

Link to a Different Part of the Page #

The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to <div>


different parts of the same HTML document using the
<p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
href attribute to point to the desired location with #
followed by the id of the element to link to.
different part of the page!</p>
</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take
me to a different part of the page</a>

<html> HTML Element

The <html> element, the root of an HTML document, <!DOCTYPE html>


should be added after the !DOCTYPE declaration. All
<html>
content/structure for an HTML document should be
contained between the opening and closing <html> <!-- I'm a comment -->
tags. </html>

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Comments

In HTML, comments can be added between an opening <!-- Main site content -->
<!-- and closing --> . Content inside of comments
<div>Content</div>
will not be rendered by browsers, and are usually used
to describe a part of code or provide other details.
Comments can span single or multiple lines. <!--
Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

Whitespace

Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML <p>Test paragraph</p>


document between block-level elements will generally
be ignored by the browser and are not added to
increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather,
<!-- The whitespace created by this line,
whitespace is added for organization and easier reading and above/below this line is ignored by
of the HTML document itself. the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit


right under the first paragraph, no extra
space between.</p>

<title> Title Element

The <title> element contains a text that defines the <!DOCTYPE html>
title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in the
<html>
browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML page is
displayed. The <title> element can only be contained
<head>
inside a document’s <head> element. <title>Title of the HTML page</title>
</head>
</html>

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File Path

URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full <a


URL, for example: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Learn or a relative file path that links to a local
file in the same folder or on the same server, for
US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
example: ./style.css . Relative file paths begin with element is an absolute file path.</a>
./ followed by a path to the local file. ./ tells the
browser to look for the file path from the current
<a href="./about.html">The URL for this
folder.
anchor element is a relative file path.
</a>

Document Type Declaration

The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is <!DOCTYPE html>


required as the first line of an HTML document. The
doctype declaration is an instruction to the browser
about what type of document to expect and which
version of HTML is being used, in this case it’s HTML5.

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