Organizational

Behaviour

- Raj Joshi
Personality

– Personality refers to set of traits and Behaviour that are the

characteristics of an individual.
– Personality has both external and internal elements.
– Personality refers to set of unique characteristics that makes an
individual different from others
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality
– 1. Type Theory
– This theory was designed by Kert Schemes and Sheldon. People
are grouped into identifiable categories where there is relationship
between features, face & body and personality.
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality
– Examples
– 1. Short or Plum person i.e. Endomorphic are sociable, relaxed and
even tempered
– 2. Thin & Tall person i.e. Ectomorph are generally restrained, self-
conscious and fond of solitude.
– 3. Heavy & Muscular i.e. Mesomorph are generally noisy, callous
and fond of physical activities
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– Type theory is simple & popular but carries no substance. Carl

Jung divided personalities into two types.
– But even Carl Jung theory fails to revel all complexity of personality.
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– 2. Trait Theory
– Trait theory is based on attribute that appears consistently in
variety of situation.
– We rate an individual on a scale of intelligence, emotional stability,
aggressiveness and creativeness.
– Traits are in the form of adjectives like friendly, intelligent,
cautious, excited, anxious, etc.
– These are reactions and not something which one possesses.
– Trait theory is descriptive and not analytical.
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– There are two ways of possessing these traits –

– a) Person describes himself by answering about his attitude,
feeling and behaviour.
– b) Someone else evaluates a person’s traits either from what he
knows about the individual or direct observation of the behaviour
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– 3. Psychoanalytic
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality Chivalrious
– This theory is developed by Sigmund Freud.
– It has 3 elements – ID, Ego and Super Ego.
– This theory is also called as Structural Model of Mental Life.
– a) ID means it. It is a mental agency inherited and present at birth.
It is raw, animalistic, unorganized, knows no loss, obeys no rules
and it is basic to an individual throughout its life.
– b) Ego – Ego must consider the reality and it develops out of ID.
– c) Super Ego – It is about systems, values, norms, ethics and
attitude. It is about values and Morales taught by parents, friends
and others.
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– ID – Seeks Pleasure
– Ego – Tests Reality
– Super Ego – Strives for Perfection
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– 4. Social Learning Theory

– Social learning theory is about acquiring knowledge, language,
attitude, values, manual skills, fears, personality traits and self-
insight.
– It can be done in two ways
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– Social learning is by observing others memory and noting the

consequences of the action.
– Persons action depends on specific characteristics of a situation
and past behaviour. Social learning focuses on what an individual
does in a given situation.
Personality Types / Theories of
Personality

– 5. Humanistic Approach
– It is about self-push towards growth and self-actualization. This
theory is developed Carl Rogers and Maslow’s.
– a) Rogers Phenomenology is a study of individual subjective
experience, feelings and private concepts as well as his view of the
world and self.
– b) Maslow’s Philosophy says development of full individual in
harmony with all parts of his personality.
Determinants of Personality
Determinants of Personality

– 1. Heredity
– Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. Heredity
approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s
personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the
chromosomes.
– It has an impact on variables such as physical stature, gender,
temperament and energy levels.
– Physical Structure of How Tall/Short, Long Nose, Large/Small feet,
etc.
Determinants of Personality

– Reflexes – Pin pricking, Blinking

– Innate Drivers – Impulses → Psychological tension
– Intelligence – Capacity to learn or modify responses
– Temperament – Phlegmatic (Calm), Excitable, Lethargic
Determinants of Personality

– 2. Environment
– Environment determines cultural development and to the extent,
that culture in turn determines personality, a relationship between
personality and environment becomes clear. Climate and
topography determineS to a great extent the physical and mental
traits of a people. The people of mountains as well as deserts are
usually bold, hard and powerful.
Determinants of Personality

– Norms, attitude and values

– Culture of the Family – Sex Roles ( Male Dominance )
– Subculture – Morale, values, Standards, Cleanliness, Style of dress
and definition of success
– Poor → Urban/Slum v/s Well to Do → Middle Class
Determinants of Personality

– 3. Family
– Same genders as parents has an influence
– Serves as a role model
– Similarity of behaviour
– Desire to be a role model
– Takes attribute of role model
Determinants of Personality

– Example 1 – Orphan not adjusting Socially and Emotionally but

Warm, Loving and more adjusting.
– Example 2 - Siblings also contribute to Personality development
– First child is always more susceptible to social pressure.
– Schizophrenic – Lacks Motivation, energy and positivity
– First born are orderly, predictable and rational
– Schizophrenic has false beliefs, unclear confused thinking, hearing
voices (hallucination), reduced social engagement, lack of
motivation
Determinants of Personality

– 4. Social
– It takes place throughout one’s life.
– It is the way one behaves in the organization.
– Socialization – Mother & Infant
– Father, brothers, sisters, close relatives, friends, colleagues, peers,
school friends, working group.
Determinants of Personality

– 5. Situational
– Highly developed person when put in bureaucratized situation
may become frustrated and behave apathetically/aggressively.
– He may be crazy, trouble maker; yet his history of development
would predict hard work of striving to get ahead.
Big Five Personality Traits or Big Five
Model of Personality
– Personality is composed of external traits.
– Since Plato days, there were 171 clusters of personality which
further got short listed into 5 abstract personalities.
– Every individual will possess minimum of 2 types and maximum of
3
Big Five Personality Traits
Big Five Personality Traits

– Extraversion
– The extraversion dimension captures our comfort level with
relationships. Extraverts tend to be gregarious, outgoing, assertive,
talkative and sociable. Introverts tend to be reserved, timid, and
quiet.
– Example – Aishwarya Rai, Sachin Tendulkar
Big Five Personality Traits

– Agreeableness
– The agreeableness dimension refers to an individual’s propensity
to defer to others.
– Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm, good natured,
soft-hearted and trusting. People who score low on agreeableness
are cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic. Example – Twinkle
Khanna
Big Five Personality Traits

– Conscientiousness
– The conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability. A
highly conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable,
achievement oriented and persistent.
– Those who score low on this dimension are easily distracted,
disorganized, and unreliable.
– Example – Sachin Tendulkar
Big Five Personality Traits

– Emotional Stability
– The emotional stability dimension often labeled by its converse,
neuroticism taps a person’s ability to withstand stress.
– People with positive emotional stability tend to be relaxed, calm,
unworried, self-confident, and secure. Those with high negative
scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure.
– Example – Mukesh Ambani
Big Five Personality Traits

– Openness to Experience
– The openness to experience dimension addresses range of
interests and fascination with novelty.
– Extremely open people are creative, curious, sensitive, intellectual,
imaginative, broad minded and artistically sensitive.
– Those at the other end of the category are conventional and find
comfort in the familiar. Example – Pranav Mistry, Steve Jobs
MBTI - Myers Brigg’s Type Indicator

– In early 1920’s Swiss psychologist Carl Jung developed

combinations of personalities.
– 20 years later ‘Mother-Daughter’ combination came up with MBTI.
– Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers came up with MBTI.
– They developed a personality test which measures each trait of
Carl Jung’s model.
– It is also used in hiring and team building process.
MBTI - Myers Brigg’s Type Indicator
LinkedIn Top 10 Companies to Work
in 2019
Thank You