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Implicit Differentiation

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29 views15 pages

Implicit Differentiation

Uploaded by

Pio Razon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC CALCULUS

St. Paul University Manila


Mr. Amniel D. Mejico
Senior High School Faculty
Pre-Calculus
IMPLICIT
DIFFERENTIATION
IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT FUNCTIONS
𝑦 = 3𝑥 ! + 5 Explicit form
The variable 𝑦 is written explicitly as a function of 𝑥. Some functions,
however, are only implied by and equation. For the instance
1 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑥𝑦 = 1 𝑦 = = 𝑥 "# "!
= −𝑥 = − !
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Implicit Explicit Derivative
form form
This strategy works whenever you can solve for the function explicitly.
You cannot, however, use this procedure when you are unable to solve
for 𝑦 as function of 𝑥.
IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT FUNCTIONS
𝑥 ! − 2𝑦 $ + 4𝑦 = 2
How would you find the 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 for this equation? To do this, you can use
implicit differentiation.

To understand how to find implicitly, you must realize that the


differentiation is taking place with respect to 𝒙. This means that when
you differentiate terms involving 𝑥 alone, you can differentiate as usual.
However, when you differentiate terms involving 𝑦, you must apply the
Chain Rule, because you are assuming that 𝑦 is defined implicitly as a
differentiable function of 𝑥.
EXAMPLE 1
Differentiating with Respect to x
Find the derivative of the function with respect to 𝑥.
𝑑 $
𝑎. ) 𝑥 = 3𝑥 ! Variables agree: Simple power rule
𝑑𝑥 𝒏"𝟏 𝒅𝒖
𝒖𝒏 𝒏𝒖
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝑏. ) 𝑦$ = 3𝑦 ! Variables disagree: Chain Rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 Variables disagree: Chain Rule
𝑐. ) 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1 + 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒖 𝒗
𝑑 𝑑 ! 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑. ) !
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦 ! 𝑥 = 𝑥 2𝑦 !
+ 𝑦 1 = 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦!
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Product Rule Chain Rule
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
EXAMPLE 2
Implicit Differentiation
Find 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 given that 𝑦 $ + 𝑦 ! − 5𝑦 − 𝑥 ! = −4.
1. Differentiate both sides with respect to x: 3. Factor out 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙 :
𝑑 ! " "
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 + 𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 𝑥 = −4 3𝑦 " + 2𝑦 − 5 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 ! 𝑑 " 𝑑 𝑑 " 𝑑
𝑦 + 𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 𝑥 = −4 4. Solve for 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙 by dividing 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟓:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
3𝑦 " + 2𝑦 −5 − 2𝑥 = 0 = "
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 5
2. Collect all 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙 on the other side of the eq and
move all other terms to the right side:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 " + 2𝑦 −5 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 3
Implicit Differentiation
Find 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 given that 𝑦 $ + 4𝑦 ! + 3𝑥 !𝑦 + 10 = 0
1. Differentiate both sides with respect to x: 3. Factor out 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙 :
𝑑 ! " "
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑥 𝑦 + 10 = 0 3𝑦 " + 8𝑦 + 3𝑥 " = −6𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 ! 𝑑 "
𝑑 "
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑥 𝑦 + 10 = 0 4. Solve for 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙 by dividing
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 :
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 " + 8𝑦 + 3𝑥 " + 𝑦 6𝑥 = 0 𝑑𝑦 −6𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = "
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 + 8𝑦 + 3𝑥 "
2. Collect all 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙 on the other side of the eq and
move all other terms to the right side:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 " + 8𝑦 + 3𝑥 " = −6𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 4
Finding the Slope of the Graph Implicitly
Determine the slope of the tangent line to the graph of 𝑥 ! + 4𝑦 ! = 4 at the
point ( 2, −1/ 2)
! !
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 Evaluate using the
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 4 Write the original equation =−
𝑑𝑥 4𝑦 given points
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 8𝑦 =0 Differentiate with respect to 𝒙
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
=−
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 4(−1/ 2)
8𝑦 = −2𝑥 Collect all 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 𝑥 =
=− =− 𝑑𝑥 2
Solve for 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑥 8𝑦 4𝑦
EXAMPLE 4
Finding the Slope of the Graph Implicitly
Determine the slope of the tangent line to the graph of 𝑥 ! + 4𝑦 ! = 4 at the
point ( 2, −1/ 2)

𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 2
EXAMPLE 5
Finding the Slope of the Graph Implicitly
Determine the slope of the tangent line to the graph of 3 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " " = 100𝑥𝑦 at the point 3, 1
3 𝑥" + 𝑦" " = 100𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
12𝑥 " 𝑦 + 12𝑦 ! − 100𝑥 = 100𝑦 − 12𝑥𝑦 " − 12𝑥 !
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 𝑥" + 𝑦" " = 100𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 12𝑥 " 𝑦 + 12𝑦 ! − 100𝑥 = 100𝑦 − 12𝑥𝑦 " − 12𝑥 !
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
3 2 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " "#$ 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " = 100𝑥 + 𝑦 100 𝑑𝑦 100𝑦 − 12𝑥𝑦 " − 12𝑥 !
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 12𝑥 " 𝑦 + 12𝑦 ! − 100𝑥
6 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100𝑥 + 100𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 100 1 − 12 3 1 " − 12 3 !
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = " 1 + 12 1 ! − 100 3
"
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 " 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100𝑥 + 100𝑦 𝑑𝑥 12 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 13
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =
!
12𝑥 + 12𝑥 𝑦 " "
+ 12𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 ! = 100𝑥 + 100𝑦 𝑑𝑥 9
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 5
Finding the Slope of the Graph Implicitly
Determine the slope of the tangent line to the graph of 3 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " " = 100𝑥𝑦 at the point 3, 1

𝑑𝑦 13
=
𝑑𝑥 9
PRACTICE EXERCISE
Find the 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 by implicit differentiation.

1.
2.
3.
4.

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