Scribd
Upload
16 views

ECElecture 4

The document provides an overview of basic electrical and electronics engineering concepts including Norton's theorem and Thevenin's theorem. It discusses how a parallel circuit acts as a current divider and series circuit acts as a voltage divider. It also explains the key aspects, applications, advantages, limitations and calculation procedures for Thevenin's theorem and Norton's theorem.

Uploaded by

rupesh3655
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

ECElecture 4

The document provides an overview of basic electrical and electronics engineering concepts including Norton's theorem and Thevenin's theorem. It discusses how a parallel circuit acts as a current divider and series circuit acts as a voltage divider. It also explains the key aspects, applications, advantages, limitations and calculation procedures for Thevenin's theorem and Norton's theorem.

Uploaded by

rupesh3655
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

ECE249: BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: Fundamental of DC and AC Circuits

Lecture
Prepared by Teacher- Dr. Krishan kumar
Topics:
Norton’s theorem,
Thevenin’s theorem,
Keywords
• IN
• RN
•R S

• RL
• RTH
• VTH
Current and Voltage division rule
• A parallel circuit acts as a current divider circuit
because it divides the total circuit current in its
all branches.
• A series circuit acts as a voltage divider circuit
because it divides the total supply voltage in
different voltages across various component of
the circuit. A parallel circuit acts as a current
• The current division rule states that the current divider as it divides the total circuit
in any of the parallel branches of a parallel current in its all branches. Figure1
circuit is equal to the ratio of opposite branch shows a current divider circuit in which
resistance to the sum of all resistances, the total circuit current I has been
multiplied by the total current.
divided into currents I1 and I2 in two
• The voltage division rule states that the voltage parallel branches with resistances R1
across any of the series components in a series and R2. Although, we can notice that the
circuit is equal to the product of value of that
voltage drop across both resistances is
resistance and the total supply voltage, divided
by the total resistance of the series circuit. same, i.e., V.
Norton’s theorem,
Thevenin’s theorem
Thevenin’s Theorem
Thevenin's theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear
circuit, irrespective of how complex it is, to an equivalent circuit with a
single voltage source and a series resistance.
Application
• Thevenin's Theorem provides an easy method for
analyzing power circuits, which typically have a load that
changes value during the analysis process.
• This theorem provides an efficient way to calculate the
voltage and current flowing across a load without having
to recalculate your entire circuit over again.
Advantage

• It simplifies the portion of the circuit of lesser


importance and enables us to directly view the
action of the output part.
• It reduces a complex circuit to a simple circuit that
isa single source of emf in series with a single
resistance.
limitations of Thevenin theorem
• Thevenin's theorem is applicable only to linear
circuits, e.g., only passive resistors, inductors,
and capacitors.
• Thevenin's theorem is not applicable to
nonlinear devices such as diodes and
transistors.
Procedure

Step 1: Remove the load resistor and replace it with an open circuit.
Step 2: Calculate the Thevenin voltage—the voltage across the open
circuit.
Step 3: Replace the power sources. All voltage sources are replaced
with short circuits, and all current sources are replaced with open
circuits.
Calculate / measure the open circuit resistance. This is the Thevenin
Resistance (RTH)
We have removed the 48V DC source to zero as equivalent i.e. 48V DC source
has been replaced with a short in step 3 (as shown in figure 3).
We can see that 8kΩ resistor is in series with a parallel connection of 4kΩ
resistor and 12k Ω resistor. i.e.:
8kΩ + (4k Ω || 12kΩ) ….. (|| = in parallel with)
RTH = 8kΩ + [(4kΩ x 12kΩ) / (4kΩ + 12kΩ)]
RTH = 8kΩ + 3kΩ
Norton’s Theorem
Norton's theorem states that any linear circuit can be simplified to
an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source and
parallel resistance that is connected to a load.

OR
Norton's theorem states that any two output terminals of an active linear
network containing independent sources (it includes voltage and current
sources) can be replaced by a current source and a parallel resistor RN.
Application
• Using Norton's theorem, we can simplify the complex
circuits having several voltages and resistances by Norton's
equivalent circuit which has the current source in parallel
with an equivalent resistance.
• Simplified circuits are easy in the calculation and finding
the efficiency of the circuit.
Drawback

• It's not for such modules which are not linear like
diodes, the transistor. It also not operate for such
circuitries which has magnetic locking.
• It also not work for such circuitries which has
loaded in parallel with dependent supplies
Find IN
Numerical Problem-Norton Theorem
Draw Newton Equivalent Circuit
Thevenin Theorem
Questions/Answers

You might also like