Module 6: Compute

AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

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Module overview
Topics Activities
• Compute services overview • Amazon EC2 versus Managed Service

• Amazon EC2 • Hands-on with AWS Lambda

• Hands-on with AWS Elastic Beanstalk
• Amazon EC2 cost optimization
• Container services
Demo
• Introduction to AWS Lambda
• Recorded demonstration of Amazon EC2
• Introduction to AWS Elastic Beanstalk

Lab
• Introduction to Amazon EC2

Knowledge check

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Module objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
• Provide an overview of different AWS compute services in the cloud
• Demonstrate why to use Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
• Identify the functionality in the EC2 console
• Perform basic functions in Amazon EC2 to build a virtual computing environment
• Identify Amazon EC2 cost optimization elements
• Demonstrate when to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk
• Demonstrate when to use AWS Lambda
• Identify how to run containerized applications in a cluster of managed servers

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Section 1: Compute services
overview
Module 6: Compute

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AWS compute services

Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers many compute services. This module will discuss the highlighted services.

Amazon EC2 Amazon EC2 Amazon Elastic Amazon Elastic VMware Cloud
Auto Scaling Container Registry Container Service on AWS
(Amazon ECR) (Amazon ECS)

AWS Elastic AWS Lambda Amazon Elastic Amazon Lightsail AWS Batch
Beanstalk Kubernetes Service
(Amazon EKS)

AWS Fargate AWS Outposts AWS Serverless

Application Repository

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Categorizing compute services
Services Key Concepts Characteristics Ease of Use
• Amazon EC2 • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) • Provision virtual machines that you A familiar concept to many IT
• Instance-based can manage as you choose professionals.
• Virtual machines
• AWS Lambda • Serverless computing • Write and deploy code that runs on A relatively new concept for
• Function-based a schedule or that can be triggered many IT staff members, but easy
• Low-cost by events to use after you learn how.
• Use when possible (architect for the
cloud)
• Amazon ECS • Container-based computing • Spin up and run jobs more quickly AWS Fargate reduces
• Amazon EKS • Instance-based administrative overhead, but
• AWS Fargate you can use options that give
• Amazon ECR you more control.
• AWS Elastic • Platform as a service (PaaS) • Focus on your code (building your Fast and easy to get started.
Beanstalk • For web applications application)
• Can easily tie into other services—
databases, Domain Name System
(DNS), etc.

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Choosing the optimal compute service
• The optimal compute service or services that you use will depend on your
use case
• Some aspects to consider –
• What is your application design?
• What are your usage patterns?
• Which configuration settings will you want to manage?
• Selecting the wrong compute solution for an architecture can lead to lower
performance efficiency
• A good starting place—Understand the available compute options

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Section 2: Amazon EC2
Module 6: Compute

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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)

Example uses of Amazon

EC2 instances

✓ Application server
✓ Web server
✓ Database server
✓ Game server
✓ Mail server
✓ Media server
✓ Catalog server
Photo by Taylor Vick on Unsplash
✓ File server
✓ Computing server
✓ Proxy server

Photo by panumas nikhomkhai from Pexels

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Amazon EC2 overview
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
• Provides virtual machines—referred to as EC2 instances—in the
cloud.
• Gives you full control over the guest operating system
(Windows or Linux) on each instance.
• You can launch instances of any size into an Availability
Zone anywhere in the world.
• Launch instances from Amazon Machine Images (AMIs).
Amazon
EC2 • Launch instances with a few clicks or a line of code, and they
are ready in minutes.
• You can control traffic to and from instances.

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Launching an Amazon EC2 instance

This section of the module walks

through nine key decisions to
make when you create an EC2
instance by using the AWS
Management Console Launch
Instance Wizard.

➢ Along the way, essential

Amazon EC2 concepts will be
explored.

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1. Select an AMI

Choices made using the Launch

instance
Launch Instance Wizard:
AMI Instance

1. AMI
2. Instance Type
• Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
3. Network settings • Is a template that is used to create an EC2 instance (which is a virtual
4. IAM role machine, or VM, that runs in the AWS Cloud)
5. User data • Contains a Windows or Linux operating system
6. Storage options
• Often also has some software pre-installed
7. Tags
8. Security group • AMI choices:
9. Key pair
• Quick Start – Linux and Windows AMIs that are provided by AWS
• My AMIs – Any AMIs that you created
• AWS Marketplace – Pre-configured templates from third parties
• Community AMIs – AMIs shared by others; use at your own risk

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Creating a new AMI: Example
AWS Cloud
AMI details
Region A
Connect to the instance
and manually modify it or
run a script that modifies
Quick
the instance (for example,
Start or
Launch an upgrade installed Capture as
other
Starter instance software) a new AMI
existing
AMI
AMI 1 2 3
Unmodified Modified New
Instance Instance AMI

(Optional) Import MyAMI

a virtual machine
Region B Copy the AMI to any other Regions
where you want to use it
New 4
AMI

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2. Select an instance type
• Consider your use case
Choices made using the • How will the EC2 instance you create be used?
Launch Instance Wizard: • The instance type that you choose determines –
1. AMI • Memory (RAM)
2. Instance Type • Processing power (CPU)
3. Network settings • Disk space and disk type (Storage)
4. IAM role • Network performance
5. User data
6. Storage options • Instance type categories –
7. Tags • General purpose
8. Security group • Compute optimized
9. Key pair
• Memory optimized
• Storage optimized
• Accelerated computing
• Instance types offer family, generation, and size

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EC2 instance type naming and sizes

Example instance sizes

Instance
Instance type naming Name
vCPU Memory (GB) Storage

t3.nano 2 0.5 EBS-Only

• Example: t3.large
t3.micro 2 1 EBS-Only
• T is the family name
• 3 is the generation number t3.small 2 2 EBS-Only

• Large is the size

t3.medium 2 4 EBS-Only

t3.large 2 8 EBS-Only

t3.xlarge 4 16 EBS-Only

t3.2xlarge 8 32 EBS-Only

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Select instance type: Based on use case

General Compute Memory Accelerated Storage

Purpose Optimized Optimized Computing Optimized

a1, m4, m5, r4, r5, f1, g3, g4,

Instance Types c4, c5 d2, h1, i3
t2, t3 x1, z1 p2, p3

High In-memory Machine Distributed file

Use Case Broad
performance databases learning systems

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Instance types: Networking features
• The network bandwidth (Gbps) varies by instance type.
• See Amazon EC2 Instance Types to compare.
• To maximize networking and bandwidth performance of your instance type:
• If you have interdependent instances, launch them into a cluster placement group.
• Enable enhanced networking.
• Enhanced networking types are supported on most instance types.
• See the Networking and Storage Features documentation for details.
• Enhanced networking types –
• Elastic Network Adapter (ENA): Supports network speeds of up to 100 Gbps.
• Intel 82599 Virtual Function interface: Supports network speeds of up to 10 Gbps.

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3. Specify network settings
• Where should the instance be deployed?
Choices made by using the • Identify the VPC and optionally the subnet
Launch Instance Wizard:
• Should a public IP address be automatically assigned?
1. AMI • To make it internet-accessible
2. Instance Type
3. Network settings
AWS Cloud
4. IAM role
Region
5. User data
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2
6. Storage options
VPC
7. Tags
Public subnet
8. Security group Example: specify
9. Key pair to deploy the
instance here Instance
Private subnet

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4. Attach IAM role (optional)
• Will software on the EC2 instance need to interact with other AWS
Choices made by using the services?
Launch Instance Wizard: • If yes, attach an appropriate IAM Role.
1. AMI • An AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role that is attached
2. Instance Type to an EC2 instance is kept in an instance profile.
3. Network settings
• You are not restricted to attaching a role only at instance launch.
4. IAM role
5. User data • You can also attach a role to an instance that already exists.
6. Storage options
7. Tags
8. Security group Example: Application on
9. Key pair attached to instance can
access
Role that grants Amazon
S3 bucket
Simple Storage Service Instance
with objects
(Amazon S3) bucket access
permissions

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5. User data script (optional)

Choices made by using the User data

Launch Instance Wizard:
#!/bin/bash
1. AMI yum update –y
2. Instance Type yum install -y wget
3. Network settings AMI Running
4. IAM role EC2 instance
5. User data • Optionally specify a user data script at instance launch
6. Storage options
7. Tags
• Use user data scripts to customize the runtime environment of your
8. Security group
instance
9. Key pair • Script runs the first time the instance starts
• Can be used strategically
• For example, reduce the number of custom AMIs that you build and maintain

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6. Specify storage
• Configure the root volume
Choices made by using the
Launch Instance Wizard: • Where the guest operating system is installed

1. AMI
• Attach additional storage volumes (optional)
2. Instance Type • AMI might already include more than one volume
3. Network settings
4. IAM role • For each volume, specify:
5. User data • The size of the disk (in GB)
6. Storage options
7. Tags • The volume type
8. Security group • Different types of solid state drives (SSDs) and hard disk
9. Key pair drives (HDDs) are available
• If the volume will be deleted when the instance is
terminated
• If encryption should be used

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Amazon EC2 storage options
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) –
• Durable, block-level storage volumes.
• You can stop the instance and start it again, and the data will still be there.
• Amazon EC2 Instance Store –
• Ephemeral storage is provided on disks that are attached to the host computer where the EC2 instance is
running.
• If the instance stops, data stored here is deleted.
• Other options for storage (not for the root volume) –
• Mount an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system.
• Connect to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3).

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Example storage options
• Instance 1 characteristics –
Amazon Elastic Block Host computer
• It has an Amazon EBS root volume
Store (Amazon EBS)
type for the operating system.
Instance Store
• What will happen if the instance is
Attached as Attached as
stopped and then started again?
Root volume Storage volume
20-GB volume Instance 1 Ephemeral
volume 1
• Instance 2 characteristics – Attached as
Storage volume
• It has an Instance Store root volume Attached as
type for the operating system. 500-GB volume Root volume
Instance 2 Ephemeral
• What will happen if the instance stops volume 2
(because of user error or a system
malfunction)?

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7. Add tags
• A tag is a label that you can assign to an AWS resource.
Choices made by using the
Launch Instance Wizard: • Consists of a key and an optional value.

• Tagging is how you can attach metadata to an EC2 instance.

1. AMI
2. Instance Type • Potential benefits of tagging—Filtering, automation, cost
3. Network settings
allocation, and access control.
4. IAM role
5. User data
6. Storage options
Example:
7. Tags
8. Security group
9. Key pair

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8. Security group settings
• A security group is a set of firewall rules that control traffic
Choices made by using the to the instance.
Launch Instance Wizard:
• It exists outside of the instance's guest OS.
1. AMI • Create rules that specify the source and which ports that
2. Instance Type
network communications can use.
3. Network settings
4. IAM role • Specify the port number and the protocol, such as Transmission
5. User data Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), or Internet
6. Storage options Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
7. Tags
8. Security group
• Specify the source (for example, an IP address or another security
9. Key pair
group) that is allowed to use the rule.
Example rule:

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9. Identify or create the key pair
• At instance launch, you specify an existing key pair
Choices made by using the or create a new key pair.
Launch Instance Wizard:
• A key pair consists of –
1. AMI mykey.pem
• A public key that AWS stores.
2. Instance Type
3. Network settings • A private key file that you store.
4. IAM role
5. User data • It enables secure connections to the instance.
6. Storage options
• For Windows AMIs –
7. Tags
8. Security group • Use the private key to obtain the administrator password
9. Key pair that you need to log in to your instance.
• For Linux AMIs –
• Use the private key to use SSH to securely connect to your
instance.
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Amazon EC2 console view of a running EC2 instance

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Another option: Launch an EC2 instance with the AWS Command Line
Interface
• EC2 instances can also be created
programmatically.
AWS Command Line
Interface (AWS CLI)

• This example shows how simple the

Example command:
command can be.
aws ec2 run-instances \
• This command assumes that the key pair and
--image-id ami-1a2b3c4d \
security group already exist.
--count 1 \
--instance-type c3.large \
• More options could be specified. See the AWS CLI --key-name MyKeyPair \
Command Reference for details. --security-groups MySecurityGroup \
--region us-east-1

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Amazon EC2 instance lifecycle

Only instances backed by Amazon EBS

Launch Start
pending

AMI

Reboot Stop
rebooting running stopping stopped
Stop-
Hibernate
Terminate

shutting-
down

Terminate
terminated

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Consider using an Elastic IP address
• Rebooting an instance will not change • If you require a persistent public IP
any IP addresses or DNS hostnames. address –
• Associate an Elastic IP address with the
instance.
• When an instance is stopped and then
started again –
• The public IPv4 address and external DNS
• Elastic IP address characteristics –
hostname will change. • Can be associated with instances in the Region
as needed.
• The private IPv4 address and internal DNS
hostname do not change. • Remains allocated to your account until you
choose to release it.

Elastic IP
Address

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EC2 instance metadata
• Instance metadata is data about your instance.
• While you are connected to the instance, you can view it –
• In a browser: http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
• In a terminal window: curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
• Example retrievable values –
• Public IP address, private IP address, public hostname, instance ID, security groups, Region, Availability
Zone.
• Any user data specified at instance launch can also be accessed at:
http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data/
• It can be used to configure or manage a running instance.
• For example, author a configuration script that reads the metadata and uses it to configure applications or
OS settings.

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Amazon CloudWatch for monitoring
• Use Amazon CloudWatch to monitor EC2 instances
• Provides near-real-time metrics
Amazon CloudWatch Instance with CloudWatch
• Provides charts in the Amazon EC2 console Monitoring tab
that you can view
• Maintains 15 months of historical data

• Basic monitoring
• Default, no additional cost
• Metric data sent to CloudWatch every 5 minutes

• Detailed monitoring
• Fixed monthly rate for seven pre-selected metrics
• Metric data delivered every 1 minute

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 • Amazon EC2 enables you to run Windows and Linux virtual
Section 2 key machines in the cloud.
takeaways • You launch EC2 instances from an AMI template into a VPC in your
account.
• You can choose from many instance types. Each instance type
offers different combinations of CPU, RAM, storage, and
networking capabilities.
• You can configure security groups to control access to instances
(specify allowed ports and source).
• User data enables you to specify a script to run the first time that
an instance launches.
• Only instances that are backed by Amazon EBS can be stopped.
• You can use Amazon CloudWatch to capture and review metrics on
EC2 instances.

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Recorded Amazon
EC2 demonstration

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 Lab 3:
Introduction to
Amazon EC2

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Lab 3 scenario
In this lab, you will launch and configure your first virtual machine that runs on
Amazon EC2.
AWS Cloud
Region
Availability Zone 1
Lab VPC
Public subnet

Web server
instance

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Lab 3: Tasks
• Task 1 – Launch Your Amazon EC2 Instance

• Task 2 – Monitor Your Instance

• Task 3 – Update Your Security Group and Access the Web Server

• Task 4 – Resize Your Instance: Instance Type and EBS Volume

• Task 5 – Explore EC2 Limits

• Task 6 – Test Termination Protection

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Lab 3: Final product
By the end of the lab, you will have: Amazon EC2
1. Launched an instance that is configured as a
web server
2. Viewed the instance system log VPC
AMI
3. Reconfigured a security group Security
group
4. Modified the instance type and root volume size
t2.micro t2.small
instance instance

Amazon Elastic
Block Store
(Amazon EBS)

8-GB root 10-GB root

volume volume

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~ 35 minutes

Begin Lab 3: Introduction to

Amazon EC2

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 Lab debrief:
Key takeaways

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Activity: Amazon EC2

Photo by Pixabay from Pexels.

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Activity: Gather information

Amazon EC2 Amazon RDS

AWS Cloud
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2
MS SQL Server MS SQL Server secondary
primary DB instance DB instance
Always-on
mirroring

Volume Volume Volume Volume

replica replica

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Activity: Check your understanding
1. Between Amazon EC2 or Amazon RDS, which provides a managed service? What does managed service mean?
• ANSWER: Amazon RDS provides a managed service. Amazon RDS handles provisioning, installation and patching, automated
backups, restoring snapshots from points in time, high availability, and monitoring.
2. Name at least one advantage of deploying Microsoft SQL Server on Amazon EC2 instead of Amazon RDS.
• ANSWER: Amazon EC2 offers complete control over every configuration, the OS, and the software stack.
3. What advantage does the Quick Start provide over a manual installation on Amazon EC2?
• ANSWER: The Quick Start is a reference architecture with proven best practices built into the design.
4. Which deployment option offers the best approach for all use cases?
• ANSWER: Neither. The correct deployment option depends on your specific needs.
5. Which approach costs more: using Amazon EC2 or using Amazon RDS?
• ANSWER: It depends. Managing the database deployment on Amazon EC2 requires more customer oversight and time. If
time is your priority, then Amazon RDS might be less expensive. If you have in-house expertise, Amazon EC2 might be more
cost-effective.

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Section 3: Amazon EC2 cost optimization
Module 6: Compute

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Amazon EC2 pricing models
On-Demand Instances Reserved Instances Spot Instances
• Pay by the hour • Full, partial, or no upfront payment • Instances run as long as they are
for instance you reserve. available and your bid is above the Spot
• No long-term commitments. Instance price.
• Discount on hourly charge for that
• Eligible for the AWS Free Tier. • They can be interrupted by AWS with a
instance.
2-minute notification.
• 1-year or 3-year term.
• Interruption options include terminated,
Dedicated Hosts stopped or hibernated.
Scheduled Reserved
• A physical server with EC2 instance • Prices can be significantly less expensive
capacity fully dedicated to your use. Instances compared to On-Demand Instances
• Purchase a capacity reservation that is • Good choice when you have flexibility in
always available on a recurring when your applications can run.
Dedicated Instances schedule you specify.
• Instances that run in a VPC on hardware • 1-year term.
that is dedicated to a single customer.

Per second billing available for On-Demand Instances, Reserved Instances, and
Spot Instances that run Amazon Linux or Ubuntu.
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Amazon EC2 pricing models: Benefits

On-Demand Instances Spot Instances Reserved Instances Dedicated Hosts

• Low cost and flexibility • Large scale, dynamic • Predictability ensures • Save money on licensing
workload compute capacity is costs
available when needed • Help meet compliance and
regulatory requirements

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Amazon EC2 pricing models: Use cases

Spiky Workloads Time-Insensitive Steady-State Workloads Highly Sensitive

Workloads Workloads

On-Demand Instances Spot Instances Reserved Instances Dedicated Hosts

• Short-term, spiky, or • Applications with flexible start • Steady state or predictable • Bring your own license (BYOL)
unpredictable workloads and end times usage workloads
• Compliance and regulatory
• Application development or • Applications only feasible at • Applications that require restrictions
testing very low compute prices reserved capacity, including
• Users with urgent computing disaster recovery • Usage and licensing tracking
needs for large amounts of • Users able to make upfront • Control instance placement
additional capacity payments to reduce total
computing costs even further

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The four pillars of cost optimization

Cost Optimization

Increase Optimal Optimize

Right size
elasticity pricing storage
model choices

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Pillar 1: Right size

✓Provision instances to match the need

Pillars: • CPU, memory, storage, and network throughput

1. Right size  • Select appropriate instance types for your use
2. Increase elasticity
3. Optimal pricing model ✓Use Amazon CloudWatch metrics
4. Optimize storage choices
• How idle are instances? When?
• Downsize instances

✓Best practice: Right size, then reserve

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Pillar 2: Increase elasticity
✓Stop or hibernate Amazon EBS-backed instances
that are not actively in use
Pillars: • Example: non-production development or test instances
1. Right-Size
✓Use automatic scaling to match needs based on
3. Optimal pricing model

2. Increase Elasticity 
usage
4. Optimize storage choices • Automated and time-based elasticity

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Pillar 3: Optimal pricing model
✓Leverage the right pricing model for your use case
Pillars: • Consider your usage patterns
1. Right-Size
2. Increase Elasticity ✓Optimize and combine purchase types

3. Optimal pricing model 
4. Optimize storage choices ✓Examples:
• Use On-Demand Instance and Spot Instances for variable
workloads

• Use Reserved Instances for predictable workloads

✓Consider serverless solutions (AWS Lambda)

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Pillar 4: Optimize storage choices
✓ Reduce costs while maintaining storage performance and availability

Pillars: ✓ Resize EBS volumes

1. Right-Size
2. Increase Elasticity ✓ Change EBS volume types
3. Optimal pricing model ✓ Can you meet performance requirements with less expensive storage?


4. Optimize storage choices  ✓ Example: Amazon EBS Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) storage typically costs half as
much as the default General Purpose SSD (gp2) storage option.

✓ Delete EBS snapshots that are no longer needed

✓ Identify the most appropriate destination for specific types of data

✓ Does the application need the instance to reside on Amazon EBS?
✓ Amazon S3 storage options with lifecycle policies can reduce costs

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Measure, monitor, and improve
•Cost optimization is an ongoing process.

•Recommendations –
• Define and enforce cost allocation tagging.

• Define metrics, set targets, and review regularly.

• Encourage teams to architect for cost.

• Assign the responsibility of optimization to an individual or to a

team.

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 • Amazon EC2 pricing models include On-Demand Instances,
Section 3 key Reserved Instances, Spot Instances, Dedicated Instances, and
takeaways Dedicated Hosts.

• Spot Instances can be interrupted with a 2-minute notification.

However, they can offer significant cost savings over On-Demand
Instances.

• The four pillars of cost optimization are:

• Right size
• Increase elasticity
• Optimal pricing model
• Optimize storage choices

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Section 4: Container services
Module 6: Compute

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Container basics
•Containers are a method of
operating system virtualization. Your Container

•Benefits – Your application

• Repeatable.
Dependencies
• Self-contained environments.
• Software runs the same in different Configurations
environments.
• Developer's laptop, test, production. Hooks into OS

• Faster to launch and stop or terminate than

virtual machines
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What is Docker?
• Docker is a software platform that
enables you to build, test, and
deploy applications quickly. Container

• You run containers on Docker.

Containers have everything the
• Containers are created from a template software needs to run:
called an image.
• A container has everything a System
Libraries Code Runtime
software application needs to run. tools

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Containers versus virtual machines
Three virtual machines on three EC2 instances
Example
VM 1 VM 2 VM 3
Three containers on one EC2 instance Container
App 1 App 2 App 3
Container Container Container
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs Bins/Libs
instance 1 instance 2 instance 3

Docker App 1 App 2 App 3

EC2 EC2 EC2
engine
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs Bins/Libs instance instance instance
guest OS guest OS guest OS
EC2 instance guest OS

Hypervisor
Part of
Host operating system AWS Global
Infrastructure
Physical server

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Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
• Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) –
• A highly scalable, fast, container management service

• Key benefits –
Amazon Elastic
• Orchestrates the running of Docker containers Container Service
• Maintains and scales the fleet of nodes that run your containers
• Removes the complexity of standing up the infrastructure

• Integrated with features that are familiar to Amazon EC2 service users –
• Elastic Load Balancing
• Amazon EC2 security groups
• Amazon EBS volumes
• IAM roles
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Amazon ECS orchestrates containers

EC2 instance
Requests to run containers
x3 x2

Container A
EC2 instance

Container B
Amazon Elastic Container Service
(Amazon ECS)

ECS cluster
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Amazon ECS cluster options
• Key question: Do you want to manage the Amazon ECS cluster that runs the containers?

• If yes, create an Amazon ECS cluster backed by Amazon EC2 (provides more granular control over
infrastructure)
• If no, create an Amazon ECS cluster backed by AWS Fargate (easier to maintain, focus on your
applications)
Containers
Amazon ECS cluster Container instance Container instance Container instance
Amazon ECS cluster
backed by Amazon 1 2 3 backed by Fargate
EC2 App 1 App 2 App 3
You manage
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs Bins/Libs
You manage
Docker engines (one per OS in the cluster)
AWS manages
VM guest operating systems in the Amazon ECS cluster

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What is Kubernetes?
• Kubernetes is open source software for container orchestration.
• Deploy and manage containerized applications at scale.
• The same toolset can be used on premises and in the cloud.
• Complements Docker.
• Docker enables you to run multiple containers on a single OS host.
• Kubernetes orchestrates multiple Docker hosts (nodes).
• Automates –
• Container provisioning.
• Networking.
• Load distribution.
• Scaling.
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Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
• Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
• Enables you to run Kubernetes on AWS
• Certified Kubernetes conformant (supports easy migration)
• Supports Linux and Windows containers Amazon Elastic
Kubernetes Service
• Compatible with Kubernetes community tools and supports popular
Kubernetes add-ons

• Use Amazon EKS to –

• Manage clusters of Amazon EC2 compute instances
• Run containers that are orchestrated by Kubernetes on those instances

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Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR)
Amazon ECR is a fully managed Docker container registry that
makes it easy for developers to store, manage, and deploy
Docker container images.
Amazon ECS integration

Docker support

Team collaboration

Amazon Elastic
Container Registry Access control

Third-party integrations
Image Registry

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 65
 • Containers can hold everything that an application needs to run.
Section 4 key
• Docker is a software platform that packages software into
takeaways containers.
• A single application can span multiple containers.
• Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) orchestrates the
running of Docker containers.
• Kubernetes is open source software for container orchestration.
• Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) enables you to
run Kubernetes on AWS
• Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) enables you to
store, manage, and deploy your Docker containers.

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Section 5: Introduction to AWS Lambda
Module 6: Compute

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
AWS Lambda: Run code without servers

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service.

The code you run

is a Lambda function
Upload your code

AWS HTTP
services endpoints Your code Pay only for the
Mobile apps
runs only when it is compute time that
Run your code on a schedule
triggered you use
or in response to events

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Benefits of Lambda

It supports multiple programming languages

Completely automated administration
Built-in fault tolerance
AWS It supports the orchestration of multiple functions
Lambda
Pay-per-use pricing

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AWS Lambda event sources

Event sources Configure other AWS services as event sources to invoke

your function as shown here.

Amazon S3 Alternatively, invoke a Lambda function from the Lambda

console, AWS SDK, or AWS CLI.
Amazon DynamoDB

Amazon Simple Notification

Service (Amazon SNS)
Lambda Running of your code
Amazon Simple Queue function (only when triggered)
Service (Amazon SQS)
AWS Lambda
Amazon API Gateway
Logging, monitoring,
and metrics
Application Load Balancer
Amazon
Many more… CloudWatch

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AWS Lambda function configuration

Lambda function configuration

Function code

Running of your code (only

AWS Lambda when it is triggered)
function
Dependencies AWS Lambda
(code libraries, etc.)
Logging, monitoring,
and metrics

Amazon
Execution role CloudWatch

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Schedule-based Lambda function example:
Start and stop EC2 instances
Stop instances example

Stop
IAM role

Time-based
1 CloudWatch 2 Lambda function 3 EC2 instances stopped
event triggered

Start instances example

Start
IAM role

Time-based
4 5 Lambda function 6 EC2 instances
CloudWatch
triggered started
event

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Event-based Lambda function example:
Create thumbnail images
AWS Cloud
1
2 3

User

Source Lambda 4
bucket
Execution
5
role
Access
policy
Target
bucket Lambda
function

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AWS Lambda quotas
Soft limits per Region:
• Concurrent executions = 1,000
• Function and layer storage = 75 GB

Hard limits for individual functions:

• Maximum function memory allocation = 10,240 MB
• Function timeout = 15 minutes
• Deployment package size = 250 MB unzipped, including layers
• Container image code package size = 10 GB

Additional limits also exist. Details are in the AWS Lambda quotas documentation at
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/gettingstarted-limits.html.

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 • Serverless computing enables you to build and run applications
Section 5 key and services without provisioning or managing servers.
takeaways • AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that provides built-in
fault tolerance and automatic scaling.

• An event source is an AWS service or developer-created

application that triggers a Lambda function to run.

• The maximum memory allocation for a single Lambda function is

10,240 MB.

• The maximum run time for a Lambda function is 15 minutes.

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 Activity: Create an To complete this activity:
AWS Lambda
Stopinator Function • Go to the hands-on lab environment and launch the
AWS Lambda activity.

• Follow the instructions that are provided in the hands-

on lab environment.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 76
Activity debrief:
key takeaways

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Section 6: Introduction to AWS Elastic
Beanstalk
Module 6: Compute

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
AWS Elastic Beanstalk
• An easy way to get web applications up and running

• A managed service that automatically handles –

• Infrastructure provisioning and configuration
• Deployment
• Load balancing
• Automatic scaling
AWS Elastic • Health monitoring
Beanstalk • Analysis and debugging
• Logging

• No additional charge for Elastic Beanstalk

• Pay only for the underlying resources that are used
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AWS Elastic Beanstalk deployments
• It supports web applications written
for common platforms
• Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby,
Go, and Docker You Your code
manage
HTTP server
• You upload your code Application server

• Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles AWS Language interpreter

manages
the deployment Operating system
• Deploys on servers such as Apache, Host
NGINX, Passenger, Puma, and Microsoft
Internet Information Services (IIS)

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Benefits of Elastic Beanstalk

Fast and simple to Developer Difficult to Complete resource

start using productivity outgrow control

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Activity: AWS Elastic To complete this activity:
Beanstalk
• Go to the hands-on lab environment and launch the
AWS Elastic Beanstalk activity.

• Follow the instructions that are provided in the hands-

on lab environment.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 82
Activity debrief:
Key takeaways

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Section 6 key • AWS Elastic Beanstalk enhances developer
productivity.
takeaways • Simplifies the process of deploying your application.
• Reduces management complexity.

• Elastic Beanstalk supports Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js,

Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker

• There is no charge for Elastic Beanstalk. Pay only for the

AWS resources that you use.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 84
Module wrap-up
Module 6: Compute

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Module summary
In summary, in this module, you learned how to:
• Provide an overview of different AWS compute services in the cloud
• Demonstrate why to use Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
• Identify the functionality in the Amazon EC2 console
• Perform basic functions in Amazon EC2 to build a virtual computing environment
• Identify Amazon EC2 cost optimization elements
• Demonstrate when to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk
• Demonstrate when to use AWS Lambda
• Identify how to run containerized applications in a cluster of managed servers

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 86
Complete the knowledge check

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 87
 Sample exam question
Which AWS service helps developers quickly deploy resources which can make use of different programming
languages, such as .NET and Java?

Choice Response

A AWS CloudFormation

B AWS SQS

C AWS Elastic Beanstalk

D Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 88
Sample exam question answer
Which AWS service helps developers quickly deploy resources which can make use of different programming
languages, such as .NET and Java?

The correct answer is C.

The keywords in the question are developers quickly deploy resources and different programming
languages.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 89
Additional resources
• Amazon EC2 Documentation: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/
• Amazon EC2 Pricing: https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/
• Amazon ECS Workshop: https://ecsworkshop.com/
• Running Containers on AWS: https://containersonaws.com/
• Amazon EKS Workshop: https://www.eksworkshop.com/
• AWS Lambda Documentation: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk Documentation: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elastic-beanstalk/
• Cost Optimization Playbook:
https://d1.awsstatic.com/pricing/AWS_CO_Playbook_Final.pdf

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 Thank you

Corrections, feedback, or other questions?

Contact us at https://support.aws.amazon.com/#/contacts/aws-academy.
All trademarks are the property of their owners.

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