Drafting 2

Notes
ONE STEP AT A TIM
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LEARN TO SET UP AUTOCAD TO WORK WITH

ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING STYLE

LEARN TO MANAGE TEMPLATE FILES

LEARN THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF CAD

Architectural Drafting Style

You will need to make some changes to AutoCAD to use it as a
drafting tool for architectural drawings.
AutoCAD “out-of-the-box” is set up primarily for mechanical
drafting: drawing small parts for machinery using the metric system
because that is the type of drafting is the most practiced in the
world. Making drawings of a building is quite different from making
drawings of an automobile part. Not only is the scale of the object
drawn very different, but the conventions of drafting are
significantly different between architectural and mechanical parts.
In order to make the drafting environment correct for architectural
drafting conventions, several changes must be made. These changes
are relatively simple to accomplish, and involvethe following 2 types
of setup:
Two types of set-up:
1. CREATING A TEMPLATE FILE that has desirable variables set, as
well as layers, text styles, dimension styles, layouts and plotting

standards created specifically for architectural drafting purposes.

Your Template file can then be used to open new drawings to

eliminate having to set up these changes again in the future.

2. CREATING A USER PROFILE that will save the way you want the
screen to look and where AutoCAD will search for files. Your personal
Profile can be loaded when you start a new AutoCAD session at
whatever computer you are working.

Template File
When you begin a drawing using AutoCAD, you will be drawing in an
environment which has pre-set variables setup by Autodesk for what
they consider to be the most common use. However, the settings
which come with the software "out of the box" are not good for
drawings used in the architectural and interior design industry, so

they must be changed by you to comply to standard drafting

conventions in those fields.
Template File
The easiest way to make your standard settings permanent for later
reuse is to create your own Template File.

Begin a new drawing, set the drawing variables as you want them to be
set, and then save the drawing as a "Template" file for reuse to begin
with on future drawings.

This new file will have no "entities" in it (lines, arcs, or circles), but it
will include the following variables:

Variables
-Your list of LAYERS, with associated line types, colors,
and line weights
-Text styles
-Dimension styles
-AutoCAD variable settings
-Layout settings
Viewport(s)
-Name of each viewport
-Scale of each viewport
- Plotting parameters of each viewport, such as what printer to plot to,
paper size, plot scale,
- Drawing orientation, - Plot style table (pen assignments)
- Title sheet information, such as a title block
Layers
-Are key components for organizing AutoCAD drawings. Layers are ways
of managing, tidying, and also controlling the visual layout of a drawing.
A whole section of a drawing can be turned on or off, or simply one
aspect can be controlled - text for example. This is all done by using
layers within AutoCAD.

-Only the objects you are drawing are visible on the layer, the layer
itself can never be seen - it is invisible. Each new layer is created by you,
the user.

Layers are controlled bythe layer properties manager button which is

located on the object properties toolbar.
The layer property manager is where all the layers are controlled. The
layout above shows a typical use of layers.

From the layer property manager we can:

• A. Add a New Layer - Press the New button to create a new layer.
• B.Delete a Layer - Press the Delete button to delete the selected layer.
• Set Current layer - Press the Current button to set the selected layer
current. All objects drawn will then be drawn on this current layer.
 Name- Displays the layer name.
On - Controls if the layer is on or off. Select the light bulb to turn
the layer off on the drawing.
Freeze in all VP - Pressing this will freeze the layer in all viewports as
well as the current model view.
Lock - This handy feature locks a layer preventing any content of the
layer from being modified.
Color - Change this to whichever color you like. All objects drawn on
the layer will display the chosen color provided that the objects
color setting in the object properties toolbar (shown above) is set to
'By Layer’.

Linetype - Set the default linetype for all objects drawn on the layer.
i.e continuous, dashed, dotted etc.
Lineweight - Set the thickness a line appears. Default is no thickness.
This option can be toggled on/off on the display by the LWT button

above the command console.

Plot - Select if the layer will be shown when the drawing is plotted

(printed).

When a new AutoCAD drawing is created, everything which is drawn

appears on the one default layer, named 0. When creating drawings, the

layer 0 shouldn't really be used. New layers should be set up with names
corresponding to the content contained on them.
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Layers
Thickness for pens and plot:
0.10 mm RED (Extension line, Dimension line, Center lines, Leader line,

or Construction lines);
0.20 mm YELLOW;

0.30 mm. GREEN (Hidden line);

0.50 mm. CYAN (Object line);
0.80 mm BLUE (Cutting- Plane line).
In AutoCAD usually parts to be printed in black are drawn in 1 to 7 basic
colors. Color layer: Green-Center, Magenta-Measure of length and Blue-
Hidden.

creating a Layer
1. STEP 1:Click Format < Layer and then click the accentuated button
2. Create a layer called LAYER 1- see the illustration below:
3. Write the name of the layer in the blue box - note that the text
marked withblue automatically disappears.
4. Press ENTER when you have written the name of the layer.
5. A dialog box appears showing all the colors available in the program.
6. Specify the right lineweight for the layers by clicking in the box
Lineweight.

Note: You might also add descriptions as shown in the table - it makes it
a little easier to navigate through the layer names. You need not exert
yourself to learn these layer names as they will largely be linked to the
drawing objects.
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Metric Units in Model space and Paper space

Model space: 1 unit = 1000 millimeter
Paper space 1 unit = 1000 millimeter

Your title block should be sized in accordance with millimeters. For

example, an E size sheet is about 43" x 33". That same sheet in metric
will be 1092.20 mm x 838.20 mm (There are 25.4 mm in one inch). So, in
paper space, your E size sheet will be 1092.20 units x 838.20 units.
Scaling the viewports - A common metric scale is 1:1000. That means 1
meter on paper = 1000 millimeters in the model space drawing.
Supposing, you want to scale your drawing into 1:100, so your input
or syntax in the command line would be 1/100xp.

Zooming scales for common metric scales

Then when you plot, you will still be plotting 1 to 1 or 1 drawing unit = 1
mm.

Dimensioning
All the dimensioning variables should be sized in terms of millimeters. If
you want your arrow size to be 4 mm on paper, set that variable to 4.

Text Style to Assign to Dimensions

This text style will not need to be "Annotative," but it will be

compressed horizontally in order to facilitate placing dimension

numbers between extension lines. It will also give dimension text a
distinctive look so they will not be confused with notes.
Create Dimension and Title Text Style
1. On the Annotate tab, click the dialog Box Launcher of the Text
panel.
2. Click New.
3. Set Style Name to "DIMENSION", then click OK

4. Set the following properties:

-Font Name: Stylus BT
-Height : 0
-Width Factor: 0.75
5. Click Apply, then Close.

Set-up the Status Bar

The Status Bar is at the bottom of the screen on the left side and
displays ten pictorial icons representing drawing status settings.

If you prefer, you can tum the pictorial icons to words to help
remember what they stand for. To do this, right-click one of the
buttons and tum off "Use Icons.“

Set the Status Bar buttons to the following settings - buttons

that have been pushed in are turned on and turned light blue color.

Turn On (turns icon in light blue) only the following buttons on

the Status Bar, Turn off all the rest (grayed icons):

■ Polar Tracking ■ Object snap

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AutoCAD Layout
A layout is a 2D working environment for creating drawing sheets. The
area within a layout is called paper space, where you can add a title

block, display scaled views of model space within layout viewports, and
create tables, schedules, notes, and dimensions for your drawing.

Each Layout the you will create will have the ff. elements:
• Layout or Layout Name
• View Ports
• Drawing Entities

• Clicking the Layout 1 tab will bring you into “Paper Space” and allow
you to set up viewports and draw a border.
• Paper Space is a special 2D drawing mode in which you can group various
views of your 3D model of the building for plotting purposes.

2D views of a 3D model
1. Plan
2. Elevation

3. Section

• Model Space is the default drawing space in AutoCAD.

• It is used to draw the 3-dimensional model of the building.
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AutoCAD Printing Specifications

Changes to reductions or enlargements can be made easily as everything
is in proportion. This standard ensures that drawing can always be legible

even after microfilming, photocopying, and faxing.

Steps of how to create Title Block:

1. Step 1: Click on the “Layout 1” tab at the bottom of the drawing. This
will bring you into “Paper space” and allow you to set up viewports
and draw a border.
2. Step 2: Click the layout button<Page set up

3. Step 3: Click modify< Page set up-Layout 1, dialog box will appear.
4. Step 4: Change the name into :Microsoft print to pdf; Paper size: A4;
Scale 1:1
5. Step 5: Click OK and the CLOSE [Erase the previous layout :Ctrl
a<Delete]
6. Step 6: Command:L or LINE; Specify first point:Click the starting
point(at the bottom left corner of the paper); Width:297; Height:210
7. Step 7:(Border); Command: Offset; Offset distance:15(all sides)
8. Step 8: Command :Offset; Offset distance:30; Command : Trim (all
the excess line)
9. Step 9: Command :Offset; Offset distance:89(for 3 partition)
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Steps of how to create Title Block:

10. Step 10: Command :Offset; Offset distance:7.5; Command :Trim
(excess line of partition)
11. Step 11: Command :Offset; Offset distance:50
12. Step 12: Command :T(Mtext); Specify the first corner:click the
corner; Mtext specify opposite corner or: Click Height; Height:2.5; Type
the word :Name; Command: CO or Copy; Type the word: Section; Date;
Subject (Note: Don’t forget to save your work Ctrl P (For printing))
13. LAST STEP: COMMAND: BLOCK; CHANGE THE NAME:INPUT YOUR
SURNAME; SELECT PICK POINT; SELECT THE OBJECT AND THEN ENTER;
UNIT: UNITLESS; CLICK “OK” BUTTON; WRITE BLOCK; CLICK BLOCK;
FILENAME:SURNAME; SELECT THE FOLDER THAT YOU WANT TO; SAVE
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Floor plan
A floor plan is a type of drawing that shows you the layout of a home
or property from above. Floor plans typically illustrate the location
of walls, windows, doors, and stairs, as well as fixed installations
such as bathroom fixtures, kitchen cabinetry, and appliances.

Symbols are used on floor plans to describe items that are associated

with living in the home, such as doors, windows, cabinets, and

plumbing fixtures. One of the most important concerns of the drafter
is to carefully combine all of the symbols, notes, and dimensions on
the floor plan so the plan is uncluttered and easily read.

Steps on how to do a floor plan

Set the units
Command: Units<ENTER>
Type:Architectural
Precision: 0’-0 1⁄4”
Scale: Inches
Command: Rec(Rectangle)
Click the starting point
Note:‘(feet) (@50',31’)
Command :Osnap
Select the: Midpoint osnap; Endpoint osnap; Extension osnap;
Intersection osnap; Make sure the object tracking is ON
Command :Line

Specify first point:15’(upward)

Next point:12’(to the left)

Move the line down ward

Next point :6’(to the left)

Next point :10’(to the left)

Click into the intersection (x)

Command :Line
Check the 1st endpoint
Endpoint to intersection(upward)

Check the 2nd endpoint

Endpoint to intersection(upward)
Command: Offset

Offset distance :10"(inches)

Click the rectangle on the outside direction

Offset distance :6"(inches)

Move to upward direction

Move to right side direction
Move to left side direction

We need to add another line

offset
offset distance:10'(feet)

Enter
offset distance:6"(inches)
Command :trim(all excess line)
Add layer

Command:layer

Door:Magenta

Window:Orange
Blocks:Cyan

Hatch:Blue

Text:Red

For Door 1:

Command: Rectangle

@3",3'

Command: Rectangle

@3",6"

Command: Move to the endpoint of the 1st rectangle

Command :Arc

click center,start end

Copy the small rectangle to other side of the door

For Door 2:
Make a copy of door

Command: Mirror the 1st door

Click the option: No

Command: Erase the center rectangle

For window 1:

Command:Rectangle
@5',6"

Command :explode
Command:Offset

1"
Command:Copy to endpoint to midpoint

Command:Trim the excess line (midpoint)

Window 2: Command: Trim(all excess line of door)
Command:Rec Save
@6',10" Filename:Floor plan 1
Command:explode Press:Ctrl 2
Command:Offset Home
2" Select en-us
Command:Copy(endpoint to midpoint) Select Design center
Command :trim Select house designer

Select blocks
Convert the door and window to block

Drag it into the model space

Command:Block bath tub
Name: sink
Door1 toilet
Door 2

Window 1 Home
Window 2 Select en-us
Copy the block door 1 Select Design center
Command:Copy Select:Home space planner
Command:Mirror(Door 1) Select blocks
Command:Copy (2nd,3rd door)

Command:rotate(4th door) Drag it into the model space

Move the door 2 Bed
Command:Move Dining set

Lamp
For Window 1: Plant
Command Rotate and click copy Sofa
Command:Copy

For Window 2:

Command Rotate and click copy

Command:Copy

Command:Move other window 2

Home

Select en-us
Select Design center

Select. Kitchen

Select blocks

Drag it into the model space

Oven

Refrigerator

Double sink

Command: Hatch

Select:Pattern

Select :Solid

Click the walls

Close the hatch

Format:Text style

Standard
Font name:simplex.shx

COMMAND: T(MTEXT)

HEIGHT:10
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Foundation Plan
The Foundation is provides a base to distribute the weight of the
structure into the soil.
• The weight, or load, must be evenly distributed over enough
soil to prevent it from compressing the soil.

• It must resist floods, winds, and earthquakes.

• Align with flooding, it must be designed to support the structure

if the supporting soil was washed away and to resist any debris
from floodwaters.

Drafting Foundation Plan

Technical Terms in Drafting Foundation Plan:
▪ Joist- is a length of timber or steel supporting part of the
structure of a building, typically arranged in parallel series to
support a floor or ceiling.
▪ Lateral Bracing- refers to any piece (wood or metal) on a
bridge that help keep the top chord from bending horizontally.
▪ Schedule Bracing- is a structural member, such as a beam or
prop, used to reinforced a framework, such a supporting beam
in a building.
▪ Truss- is the framework, typically consisting of rafters, posts,
and struts, supporting a roof, bridge, or other structure.
▪ Mono Truss- is a truss has only one slope as opposed two (half
of a common truss).
▪ Hip Truss- is a truss erected to sustain the angle-rafters of a
hip-roof.
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Technical Terms in Drafting Foundation Plan:

▪ External Reference- is a DWG, DWF, DWFx, raster image,
DNG, or PDF file incorporated into a drawing for reference only.
▪ Layer Filters- are settings that screen out, or filter, layers you
do not want to display in the list view pane of the Layer

Properties Manager.

▪ Library Path- is the path AutoCAD that searches by default to

find an xref file, including the current folder and locations set in

the Options dialog box.

▪ Limit Dimensioning- is a method of dimensioning in which the
upper and lower limits are given, instead of the specified

dimension and tolerance.

▪ Limits- are the size of the virtual drawing area in model space.
They are largest and smallest numerical values a feature can
have.

▪ Linear Parameter- creates a measurement reference between

two points.
▪ Line Convention- Line Conventions are standards related to
line thickness, type, and purpose.
▪ Line Spacing- is the vertical distance from the bottom of one
line of text to the bottom of the next line.

▪ Line Type Scale- is the lengths of dashes and spaces in line

types.

▪ Foundation- is the part of the building below the surface of the

ground which is sometimes called the substructure.

▪ Footing- is an expansion at the lower end of a wall, pier or

column to distribute the load into the ground.
▪ Beam- a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning
an opening or part of a building, usually support the roof or floor

above.
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Using CAD to draw Foundation Plan

Steps in drawing foundation plan based on standard:

FIRST STEP:
Plan your drawing.This includes planning where the drawing will
be created and stored, the needed layers, line types, and what
loads will need to be supported.
SECOND STEP:
Display the floor plan, and then begin the foundation drawing
directly over the floor plan on another layer.
THIRD STEP:
Draw the outer side of the stem walls using the OSNAP command.
FOURTH STEP:
Freeze all floor-related information once the outline of the floor
plan has been traced.
FIFTH STEP:
Use the OFFSET command to lay out the thickness of the stem
walls and footings. Corners can be adjusted by using the FILLET or
TRIM command.
SIXTH STEP:
Change the lines representing the footings using the CHANGE
PROPERTIES command.
SEVENTH STEP
Use the dimensions used on the floor or framing plan. Use a layer
such as BASE DIM for placing dimensions required by floor and
foundation plan.
EIGHT STEP
Place any dimensions that were not placed on previous plan views
as needed on the foundation plan.
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Using CAD to draw Foundation Plan

Steps in drawing foundation plan based on standard:

NINTH STEP
Type general notes and store them as a WBLOCK to be reused on
future foundation plans.
TENTH STEP
Store the foundation plan when completed separately from the
floor plan to make plotting easier.
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DRAFTING STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLANS

The foundation plan shows not only the concrete footings and
walls but also the members that are used to form the floor system.

Two common types of floor systems are used in residential

construction:

1. Floor systems built at grade level

2. Floor systems with a crawl space or basement below the floor
system.

DRAFTING STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLANS

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Senior High School

The final CAD drawing is printed, plotted, or published within

a selected sheet size at a specific scale. Most often, sheet size

and drawing scale are known standards, set according to
drawing and office practices.

CAD offers significant flexibility when laying out a floor plan

according to sheet and scale requirements. Traditional

manual drafting setup tasks such as selecting drawing orientation

and identifying the working and drawing areas are not as critical

when using CAD. A CAD drawing can be rotated as needed to

properly orient the view on the sheet. If necessary, a north arrow

symbol is inserted and rotated to the exact north direction.

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Care in centering the drawing on the sheet is not as important

with CAD, because the drawing can be moved at any time.
Most CAD applications use a virtual drawing area that is
infinite in size. This allows you to draw a floor plan at actual
size, or full scale, and then scale the drawing to fit a specific
sheet for plotting.

CAD has transformed the traditional process of setting up

and
laying out a drawing, by offering significant flexibility.

Still, effective layout planning and preparation is critical.

Determine the proper drawing orientation, sheet size, working
area, scale, and drawing area before you begin drawing to
increase productivity and limit costly and time-consuming
mistakes.
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SEQUENCE FOR DRAFTING

STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLANS

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Senior High School

AUTOCAD

The features used with this floor plan drawing checklist

and drawing sequence
in AutoCAD. Note that each of these items are not
required but rather guide in ensuring all the standard
features of a floor plan is observable.
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SEQUENCE FOR DRAFTING
STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLANS

1. Exterior walls.
2. Interior walls.
3. Furring over concrete walls (if used).
4. Masonry veneer (if used).
5. Doors: Proper use of exterior doors; correct door
6. Swing direction; clearance from walls, cabinets, and traffic.
7. Door sizes or symbols for door schedule key.
8. Windows: Proper symbols; clearance from walls, cabinets,
and traffic.
9. Window sizes or symbols for window schedule key.
10.Skylights located and specified.
11.Base cabinets.
12.Upper cabinets.
13.Closets and storage: Closets and wardrobes labelled and
with shelf and pole or additional shelves and drawers, storage closet,
linen with shelves, pantry with shelves, special storage features noted.
14.Appliances: Cooktop/range, hood with vent or vent, oven, double oven,
microwave, refrigerator, washer and dryer with vent, trash compactor.
15.Utilities: Furnace, air conditioner, water heater with platform and
straps.
PAULINE
NICOLLE
LACDAO