Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Question Bank for March 2022 (Summer) Examination

Subject Code: 82066 Subject Name: BIOSTATISITCS AND RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Common subject Code (if any): _________________________________________________

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (02 Marks)

1. State the Characteristics of normal distribution.
2. What are Advantages and disadvantages of Pie charts.
3. Define the terms- Range, Interquartile range, and Variance
4. What is Standard Error of Mean?
5. Define One tailed and two tailed tests.
6. Explain in short Control Space.
7. Define Inclusion and exclusion criteria
8. Define histogram with example.
9. Define discrete and continuous variables.
10. What are the uses of Pie charts?
11. Enlist types of correlation.
12. What is Degree of freedom?
13. Difference between ANOVA and student t test.
14. What factors qualifies mode to be the best measure of central tendency?
15. Define α and β error.
16. Classify observational and experimental studies.
17. What is interventional study?
18. Enlist the characteristics of observational studies.
19. Define coefficient of variation.
20. State characteristics of normal distribution.
21. Define semi logarithmic plots.
22. Give advantages of factorial design
23. State Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing.
24. Define design space
25. Explain the need for design of Experiments
26. Explain in short Relationship between sample size and power of the study.
27. Write applications of nonparametric tests.
28. What is chi square test?
29. Explain confidence interval.
30. Define probability.
31. State applications of Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
32. What are the features of normal distribution pattern?
33. Define optimization techniques.
34. How to write a report in research study?
35. When is median more important than mean as a measure of central tendency?
36. What is 22 and 23 designs?
37. Define Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.
38. Differentiate between sample and population parameter.
39. What is Descriptive and interferential statistics?
40. Enlist classification of clinical study designs.
41. Differentiate between SD and SEM.
42. Define discrete and continuous variables.
43. Compare and contrast between Nonparametric and Parametric data.
44. What is research? give its types.
45. What is Statistics?
46. Define Mean, Mode, Median and range.
47. Value of Mean and Mode are Given as 30 and 15, respectively. What is the
value of median?
48. Find the mean of the following set of numbers: 1,1,1,2,4,5,5,7,8,12
49. Jimmy's dog had 6 puppies. He weighed the puppies right after they were born.
Their weights were 657 grams, 789 grams, 456 grams, 554 grams, 635 grams,
and 446 grams. In grams, what was the mean weight of the puppies?
50. The mean of the following set is 8. What is x?
{10, 5, 12, 6x+3, 4}
51. Find the median of the following numbers:
4,1,6,2,1,11,4,1,8,12
52. What is the mean of the median and mode of the given set?
39, 49, 44, 46
53. What is scope of statistics in pharmaceutical research?
54. What are the parameters of binomial distribution?
55. What is standard deviation and standard error?
56. What is a histogram? How it is drawn and when?
57. Discuss- Histogram, Bar diagram.
58. How will test hypothesis for ordinal data?
59. Explain the concept of Central Composite Design
60. Explain report writing in research methodology.
61. Explain the limitations of Statistics
62. Write limitations of Tabulation
63. A bag contains 7 white, 6 red and 5 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random.
Find the probability that both will be red.
64. What is the probability of getting a head in tossing a coin?
65. State any two applications of Chi-square test
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (05 Marks)
1. Explain types of correlation and correlation coefficient. Give suitable examples.
2. Define probability and explain its significance in statistical inference with
examples.
3. What are measures of dispersion? Explain its significance
4. Explain ANOVA and its applications.
5. Discuss different methods of sampling.
6. Explain the graphical methods of representing quantitative data.
7. Discuss the applications of EXCEL and SPSS programmed in statistical
analysis.
8. What are non-parametric tests? Explain chi square test-Goodness of fit test.
9. Explain the types and advantages of factorial design in formulation
development.
10. Explain correlation, types of correlation and its applications.
11. Explain null hypothesis, type I and type II errors.
12. Discuss with examples measures of central tendency.
13. Discuss the sampling methods in research study.
14. Explain probability and its significance in statistical analysis.
15. Explain regression analysis to assess the influence of independent variable on
continuous variable.
16. Explain the hypothesis testing using one way of ANOVA.
17. What are the measures variability? What is their statistical significance
18. Discuss the applications of SPSS and MINITAB in data analysis.
19. Describe variance and standard error of mean with suitable example.
20. List the elements that need to be incorporated in a clinical study protocol?
21. Explain the concept of DOE.
22. Describe how Mean is the most appropriate measure of centrality with suitable
example?
23. Explain linear regression. How is it applied for pharmaceutical sciences?
24. Explain the statistics of stability testing of pharmaceutical products.
25. Explain the concept of design space in QbD
26. Discuss the general rules for constructing and labeling a graph? Describe the
 construction of a semilogarithmic graph with an example.
27. How is central tendency measured?
28. Explain Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and Mann Whitney U test.
29. Explain in detail about cross-over and parallel clinical study design.
30. Classify types of data. Give an outline of testing hypotheses for different types
of data.
31. What are Mixture Designs? List their applications. Explain linear regression.
How is it applied for pharmaceutical sciences?
32. Explain about standard deviation and variance.
33. Explain Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s correlation.
34. List the pharmaceutical applications of Student’s t test.
35. Distinguish between parametric and non-parametric tests. For what type of data
is Chi Square test performed?
36. What are underlying assumptions of one-way ANOVA? If these assumptions
are not fulfilled which alternative non-parametric test, do you suggest?
37. What is QbD? List the experimental designs used in QbD.
38. Explain the concept of Fractional factorial Design.
39. What is plagiarism? Give its significance in research
40. What are case studies? Why are they conducted, explain them in detail.
41. What is meant by regression modelling? Explain hypothesis testing in simple
and multiple regression models
42. Give an account of different diagrammatic representations and tabulations
as statistical tools
43. Explain the hypothesis testing of non-parametric data.
44. Explain the concept of design space in QbD.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (10 Marks)
1. Explain in detail different phases of clinical trials.
2. Explain in detail factorial design and advantages of factorial design.
3. How is QbD based product development better? Explain the steps involved in it.
4. Discuss the protocol for an experimental study design.
5. Write measures of dispersion? Explain their significance with suitable examples.
6. Explain regression analysis and its applications in stability testing of
pharmaceuticals.
7. Describe the different measures of central tendency. Calculate mean and
standard deviation for the given data on mid arm circumference(cm) of 16
children – 14, 12, 13, 10, 11, 13, 14, 12, 12, 11, 10, 13, 12, 11, 10, 14.
8. Explain types of observational study designs.
9. Explain with suitable examples regression analysis and standard error of
regression.
10. Explain in detail null and alternate hypothesis,
11. Discuss type I and type II errors with examples. Write a note on confidence
interval.
12. What is hypothesis? Explain how you will formulate a hypothesis with a
suitable example.
13. What is QbD, why are DOE essential in a QbD development process?
14. Discuss different types of observational clinical studies in detail.
15. Discuss various steps involved in testing the significance of single mean and
difference between two means (independent samples) in small samples using
Student’s t- test.
16. What is Experiential Design? discuss different types of Experiential Design