Module 3 Continuity of Functions - SY2021 2022
Module 3 Continuity of Functions - SY2021 2022
Module3
Continuity of Functions
W h a t t o d o before (Pretest)?
Multiple Choice : Write the letter of the best answer: Write the correct answer if it can’t be found
from the choices.
1. A function 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous if and only if it has
M. break A. hole T. jump H. M,A,T
2. Evaluate 0/1 .
M. 0 A. 1 T. indeterminate H. undefined
7. It states that a function 𝑓(𝑥) which is found to be continuous over a closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is
guaranteed to have extreme values in that interval.
M. Absolute Value A. Extreme Value T. Limit H. Intermediate Value
8. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = x – 1 , if x > 1 is discontinuous because
2
x2 + 1 , if x < 1
M. f(x) DNE A. lim f ( x) DNE T. f(x) ≠ lim f ( x) H. sana all
x 1 x 1
9. Using EVT, determine is the maximum value of the f(x) = -3x - 2 on the interval [1, 4] ?
M. -14 A. -5 T. -1 H. 10
10. From the given graph below, at what interval is the graph continuous?
M. ( -1,1 ) A. [ -1,1 ) T. ( 0,1 ) H. [ 0,1 )
The conditions needed to be satisfied to be able to know whether the function is continuous or
not on a closed interval:
1. The function 𝑓(𝑥) needs to be continuous at the open interval (a, b).
2. The function 𝑓(𝑥) needs to be continuous at the left endpoint [a].
a. If 𝑓(a) exists.
b. If exists.
c. If .
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) needs to be continuous at the right endpoint [b].
a. If 𝑓(𝑏) exists..
b. If exists.
c. If
Example 2. Check if the function is continuous on the closed interval [−5, -3]?
1. Table of values 2. a) 𝑓(a) = 𝑓(-5) = Imaginary no.
b) Imaginary no. , DNE
x f(x)
c) 𝑓(a) and DNE
-4.99 Imaginary no.
-3.9 Imaginary no. ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not continuous at the left endpoint [a].
-3.5 Imaginary no. 3.a) 𝑓(b) = 𝑓(3) =
-3.1 Imaginary no.
b) =
-3.111 Imaginary no.
c)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not continuous at (a, b). ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at the right endpoint [b].
Only one of the three conditions is satisfied, then 𝑓(𝑥) is not continuous on the closed interval [−5, -3].
c)___________________
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is _________ at (a, b). ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is _________ at the right endpoint [b].
Conclusion:______________________________________________________.
b. Jump/Essential Discontinuity
A function is said to have a jump discontinuity at 𝑥 = c if
.
It can usually be found on piecewise functions.
c. Infinite/Asymptotic Discontinuity
This type of discontinuity exists if a function has one or
more infinite limits. Many rational functions with vertical
asymptote exhibit this type of behavior.
Lesson 3.2.2: The Intermediate Value and the Extreme Value Theorems
Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT).
If a function 𝑓(x) is continuous over a closed interval [a, b], then for
every value m between 𝑓(a) and 𝑓(b), there is a value c ⋲ [a, b] such
that 𝑓(c) = m.
Examples:
1. Consider the function 𝑓(x) = 2x - 5. Show that at x = c lies on [1, 5] if 𝑓(c) = 3 .
𝑓(1) = 2(1) - 5 = -3 where -3 < 3
𝑓 (5) = 2(5) – 5 = 5 where 5> 3
∴ 𝑓(x) is continuous (polynomial) over a closed interval [a, b], and
𝑓 (1) < 𝑓(c) < 𝑓 5) or -3 < 3 < 5,then by IVT, c ⋲ [1,5]
Check:
2x – 5 = 3
2x = 3+5
x = c = 4 ϵ [1,5]
2. Given 𝑓(x) = 3x2 -2x -5. Show that f(x) = 0 has a solution on [1, 2].
𝑓 (1) = 3(1)2 – 2(1) – 5 = -4 where -4< 0
𝑓 (2) = 3(2)2 – 2(2) – 5 = 3 where 3> 0
∴ 𝑓(x) is continuous (polynomial) and since 𝑓(1) < 0 < 𝑓(2 ), by the IVT, c ϵ [1, 2] .
Extreme Value Theorem (EVT) states that a function 𝑓(𝑥) which is found to be continuous over a
closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is guaranteed to have extreme values in that interval.
An extreme value of 𝑓 or extremum, is either a minimum or maximum value of a function.
• A minimum value of 𝑓 occurs at some 𝑥 = 𝑐, if 𝑓(𝑐) ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ≠ 𝑐 in that interval.
• A maximum value of 𝑓 occurs at some 𝑥 = 𝑐, if 𝑓(𝑐) ≥ 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ≠ 𝑐 in that interval.
Examples:
1. The function 𝑓(x) = 2x – 5 on [1,5] exhibits the extrema at the endpoints.
𝑓(1) = 2(1) - 5 = -3 → minimum value
𝑓(5) = 2(5) – 5 = 5 → maximum value
2. 𝑓(x) = x2 on [-4,2] exhibits an extremum at one endpoint and another at an interior point.
𝑓(-4) = (-4)2 = 16 → maximum value
𝑓(2) = (2)2 = 4
𝑓(0) = (0)2 = 0 → minimum value
Activity 3.2
Title of the Activity: The Break-up Series
Most Essential Learning Competencies: llustrate the Intermediate Value and Extreme Value
Theorems and solve problems involving continuity of a function.STEM_BC11LC-IIId-3
Directions: Solve and provide an explanation.
1. What value of c, if any, will satisfy the IVT for the given function 𝑓(x) = x2 +1 and the given value
m=2, on the given interval [-3, 0]?
𝑓(-3) =
𝑓(2) =
∴ ___________________________________________________________________.
Check:
x2 +1 = 2
2. Using EVT, determine whether the given function 𝑓(x) = -x2 - 4 will have extrema on the interval
[-3, 1].
𝑓(-3) = → __________ value
𝑓(1) =
𝑓(0) = → __________ value
Let’s summarize.
1. If the graph of a function has no gap or holes, then we can say that the function is continuous.
Continuity Test
1. 𝑓(c) exists, c lies in the domain of 𝑓.
2. exists, f has a limit as 𝑥→c. The limit of a function f(x) exists if the left-hand limit
is equal to the right-hand limit. That is,
3. = 𝑓(𝑐)
2. There are three types of discontinuity namely : hole/removable, jump/essential, asymptotic/infinite).
3. Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) states that if a function 𝑓(x) is continuous over a closed interval
[a, b], then for every value m between 𝑓(a) and 𝑓(b), there is a value c ⋲ [a, b] such that
𝑓(c) = m.
4. Extreme Value Theorem (EVT) states that a function 𝑓(𝑥) which is found to be continuous over a
closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is guaranteed to have extreme values in that interval.
Post Test
6
Multiple Choice : Write the letter of the best answer. Write the correct answer if it can’t be
found from the choices.
1. A function is continuous. Which of the following is TRUE about its graph?
M. It has a hole or gap. T. It can be drawn without lifting your pen.
A. It approaches positive infinity. H. It represents a rational function.
2.In this discontinuity, the left hand and the right hand limits exist but are not equal.
M. asymptotic A. jump T. infinite H. removable
3. Which of the following functions is continuous on all values of x?
M. polynomial A. tangent T. rational H. radical
4. Which of the following function is an example of jump discontinuity?
M. linear A. piece-wise T. rational H. sine
5. On what value of x is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(𝑥+2) discontinuous?
M. -2 A. 0 T. 1 H. 2
6. If a function 𝑓(x) is continuous over a closed interval [a, b], then for every value m between 𝑓(a) and
𝑓(b), there is a value c ⋲ [a, b] such that 𝑓(c) = m.
M. Absolute Value A.Extreme Value T. Limit H. Intermediate Value
7. The following conditions must be satisfied for a function to be continuous EXCEPT one.
M. 𝑓(𝑐) exists A. exists T. = 𝑓(𝑐) H. 𝑓(𝑐) = 0
8. Determine .
M. -1 A. 0 T. 1 H. DNE
9. If a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], then f(x) has an absolute maximum and
absolute minimum value at some points on that closed interval.
M. Absolute Value A. Extreme Value T. Limit H. Intermediate Value
10. What value of the denominator will make a rational function discontinuous?
M. – 1 A. 0 T. 1 H. 2
CHAPTER TEST # 3
CONTINUITY OF FUNCTIONS
I. Fact or Bluff
_________1. If the graph of a function has no gap or holes, then the function is continuous.
_________2. A function is discontinuous if you can draw it in one motion without picking up your pencil.
_________3. If 𝑓(c) exists, c lies in the range of 𝑓.
_________4. The exists, 𝑓 has a limit as 𝑥→c.
_________5. The limit of a function 𝑓(𝑥) exists if = 𝑓(𝑐)
_________6. A function is continuous at a closed interval [a, b] if its right endpoint, open interval and
left endpoint has breakage, holes or discontinuity.
_________7. The square root function 𝑓(𝑥) = is continuous on [0, ∞).
_________8. A function is said to have a removable discontinuity at 𝑥 = c if
_________9. If a function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous over a closed interval [a, b], then for every value m
between 𝑓(a) and 𝑓(b), there is a value c ⋲ [a, b] such that 𝑓(c) = m.
_________10. Extreme Value Theorem (EVT) states that a function 𝑓(𝑥) which is found to be
discontinuous over a closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is guaranteed to have extreme values in that interval.
Write the letter of your best answer. Write E if the correct answer can’t be found from the choices.
1. It is the mathematics of tangent lines, slopes, areas and volumes.
M. Algebra A. Calculus T. Geometry H. Trigonometry
2. The function has an infinite limit if the limit of the denominator is_____and the limit of the numerator
is not 0.
M. +∞ A. 1 T. 0 H. −∞
3. They are considered as the backbone of calculus.
M. derivative A. functions T. limits H. integrals
4. Which of the following is the right hand limit?
M. lim f ( x) L A. lim f ( x) L T. xlim f ( x) L H. xlim f ( x) L
x c c c
xc
5. Limits can be _____ evaluated by direct substitution provided the resulting expression is defined.
M. always A. all most T. sometimes H. never
6. The Euler’s number e =
M. 1.4344… A. 2.7182818… T. 3.14159.. H. 4.5678…
7. A function 𝑓(x) is discontinuous if and only if it has
M. break A. hole T. jump H. M,A,T
8. _________ Value Theorem states that if f is a continuous function on a closed interval [a,b] and L is
any real number between 𝑓(a) and 𝑓(b), then there is at least one number c in [a,b] such that 𝑓(𝑥) = L.
M. Absolute A. Extreme T. Intermediate H. Local
9. Calculus relies on
M. derivatives A. integrals T. M and A H. not M nor A
10. output : range ; input : ___________
M. domain A. element T. set H. variable
11.; limits : Newton ; infinitesimals: ___________
M. Archimedes A. Euclid T. Leibniz H. Plato
8
33. The lim (sin x / x) results to ________ type in the form “0/0”.
x0
M. -2 A. 0 T. 2 H. +2
Pretest Score:_______ Self Test 3.2 Score:______ Post Test Score: ______
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
6. 6.
7. Activity 2.2. Score:_____ 7.
8. 1) 𝑓(-3) = 8.
9. 𝑓(2) = 9.
10. ∴__________________________________ 10.
Self Test 3.1. Score:______ ________________________ Chapter Test Score:_______
1. Check: 1. 11. 21. 31.
2. x2 +1 = 2 2. 12. 22. 32.
3. 3. 13. 23. 33.
4. 4. 14. 24. 34.
5. 5. 15. 25. 35.
6. 2) 𝑓(-3) = 6. 16. 26. 36.
7. → __________ value 7. 17. 27. 37.
8. 𝑓(1) = 8. 18. 28. 38.
9. . 9. 19. 29. 39.
10. 𝑓(0) = 10. 20. 30. 40.
→ __________ value
Activity 3.1. Score:______ Summative Test Score:_______
1. Table of values 1. 11. 21. 31.
x f(x) 2. 12. 22. 32.
-1.9 3. 13. 23. 33.
-1.5
4. 14. 24.
-1
034
.99 5. 15. 25. 35.
6. 16. 26. 36.
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is _________ at (a, b 7. 17. 27. 37.
b) =
c)___________________
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is _________ at the right endpoint [b].
Conclusion: _______________________________________________________________________________
PERFORMANCE TASK # 1
MATH PHOTO STORY
Name: ______________________________________________ Date:_________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________________Score:_________________
Form a group of 4 members. Create a Math Photo Story by taking pictures ( be original
NOT from the Google) of yourselves (body and face) and geometric shapes from nature or any
object. Write a caption of the group output and the names of the members.
11
REFERENCES
DepEd. 2013. Basic Calculus. Teachers Guide.
Sevilla,Orlyn B., Herrera ,Maria Gladys D., Obdin ,Hadassah Grace G., Sevilla ,Orlyn
B. ,Demerin ,Jexter D. 2020,Basic Calculus – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3
Bandong ,Kimberly P., Bato ,Mark Gregory V. , Lagasca ,Marvin Darius M., . Paiso, Rodolf Vincent C.
2019, Basic Calculus Activity Sheets
Lim, Yvette F., Nocon, Rizaldi C., Nocon, Ederlina G., and Ruivivar, Leonar A. 2016. Math for
Engagement Learning Grade 11 Basic Calculus. Sibs Publishing House, Inc.
Mercado, Jesus P., and Orines, Fernando B. 2016. Next Century Mathematics 11 Basic Calculus.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Geogebra. Graphing application for android. Playstore
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JONATHAN B. DONA
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Approved:
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