4A) Bar Plot using matlibplot :

A bar plot or bar chart is a graph that represents the category of data with
rectangular bars with lengths and heights that is proportional to the values
which they represent.
The bar plots can be plotted horizontally or vertically. A bar chart describes the
comparisons between the discrete categories. One of the axis of the plot
represents the specific categories being compared, while the other axis
represents the measured values corresponding to those categories

Creating a bar plot :

The matplotlib API in Python provides the bar( ) function which can be used in
MATLAB style use or as an object-oriented API. The syntax of the bar( )
function to be used with the axes is as follows:-

plt.bar(x, height, width, bottom, align)

The function creates a bar plot bounded with a rectangle depending on the given
parameters. Following is a simple example of the bar plot, which represents the
number of students enrolled in different courses of an institute.

4B) Scatter plot using matlibplot :

Matplotlib stands as an extensive library in Python, offering the capability to
generate static, animated, and interactive visualizations.
The Matplotlib.pyplot.scatter() in Python extends to creating diverse plots such
as scatter plots, bar charts, pie charts, line plots, histograms, 3-D plots, and
more.
What is Matplotlib.pyplot.scatter()?
The matplotlib.pyplot.scatter() plots serve as a visual tool to explore and
analyze the relationships between variables, utilizing dots to depict the
connection between them.
The matplotlib library provides the scatter() method, specifically designed for
creating scatter plots. These plots are instrumental in illustrating the
interdependencies among variables and how alterations in one variable can
impact another

Syntax:
matplotlib.pyplot.scatter (x_axis_data, y_axis_data, s=None,
c=None, marker=None, cmap=None,
vmin=None, vmax=None, alpha=None,
linewidths=None, edgecolors=None)
Parameters:
x_axis_data: An array containing data for the x-axis.matplotlib
s: Marker size, which can be a scalar or an array of size equal to the size of x or
y.
c: Color of the sequence of colors for markers.
marker: Marker style.
cmap: Colormap name.
linewidths: Width of the marker border.
edgecolor: Marker border color.
alpha: Blending value, ranging between 0 (transparent) and 1 (opaque).
Except for x_axis_data and y_axis_data, all other parameters are optional, with
their default values set to None. The scatter plot examples below demonstrate
the versatility of the scatter() method by showcasing various combinations of
these optional parameters.
Matplotlib.pyplot.scatter() in Python
There are various ways of creating plots using matplotlib.pyplot.scatter() in
Python, There are some examples that illustrate the
matplotlib. pyplot.scatter() function in matplotlib.plot:
1) Basic Scatter Plot
2) Scatter Plot With Multiple Datasets
3) Bubble Chart Plot
4) Customized Scatter Plot
5A) Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Histogram Plot using
Matplotlib

What is Matplotlib Histograms?

A Histogram represents data provided in the form of some groups. It is an
accurate method for the graphical representation of numerical data distribution.
It is a type of bar plot where the X-axis represents the bin ranges while the Y-
axis gives information about frequency.
Creating a Matplotlib Histogram
To create a Matplotlib histogram the first step is to create a bin of the ranges,
then distribute the whole range of the values into a series of intervals, and count
the values that fall into each of the intervals. Bins are clearly identified as
consecutive, non-overlapping intervals of
variables.The matplotlib.pyplot.hist() function is used to compute and create a
histogram of x.

The following table shows the parameters accepted by matplotlib.pyplot.hist()

function :

Attribute Parameter

x array or sequence of array

optional parameter contains integer or

bins
sequence or strings

density optional parameter contains boolean values

optional parameter represents upper and

range
lower range of bins

histtype optional parameter used to create type of

histogram [bar, barstacked, step, stepfilled],
Attribute Parameter

default is “bar”

optional parameter controls the plotting of

align
histogram [left, right, mid]

optional parameter contains array of weights

weights
having same dimensions as x

bottom location of the baseline of each bin

optional parameter which is relative width of

rwidth
the bars with respect to bin width

optional parameter used to set color or

color
sequence of color specs

optional parameter string or sequence of string

label
to match with multiple datasets

optional parameter used to set histogram axis

log
on log scale

5B) Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Pie Chart using Matplotlib.
Plot a pie chart in Python using Matplotlib :
A Pie Chart is a circular statistical plot that can display only one series of data.
The area of the chart is the total percentage of the given data.
The area of slices of the pie represents the percentage of the parts of the data.
The slices of pie are called wedges. The area of the wedge is determined by the
length of the arc of the wedge.
The area of a wedge represents the relative percentage of that part with respect
to whole data. Pie charts are commonly used in business presentations like
sales, operations, survey results, resources, etc as they provide a quick
summary.
Creating Pie Chart:
Matplotlib API has pie() function in its pyplot module which create a pie chart
representing the data in an array.
Syntax: matplotlib.pyplot.pie(data, explode=None, labels=None,
colors=None, autopct=None, shadow=False)
Parameters:
data represents the array of data values to be plotted, the fractional area of each
slice is represented by data/sum(data). If sum(data)<1, then the data values
returns the fractional area directly, thus resulting pie will have empty wedge of
size 1-sum(data).
labels is a list of sequence of strings which sets the label of each wedge.
color attribute is used to provide color to the wedges.
autopct is a string used to label the wedge with their numerical value.
shadow is used to create shadow of wedge.

6A) Python program to illustrate Linear Plotting using Matplotlib

Python is the most used language for Matplotlib is a plotting library for creating
static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.
Matplotlib can be used in Python scripts, the Python and IPython shell, web
application servers, and various graphical user interface toolkits like Tkinter,
awxPython, etc.
Syntax :
matplotlib.pyplot.plot(*args, scalex=True, scaley=True,
data=None, **kwargs)
Parameters:
This function accepts parameters that enable us to set axes scales and format the
graphs. These parameters are mentioned below :-
plot(x, y): plot x and y using default line style and color.
plot.axis([xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax]): scales the x-axis and y-axis from
minimum to maximum values
plot.(x, y, color=’green’, marker=’o’, linestyle=’dashed’, linewidth=2,
markersize=12):

x and y co-ordinates are marked using circular markers of size 12 and green
color line with — style of width 2
plot.xlabel(‘X-axis’): names x-axis
plot.ylabel(‘Y-axis’): names y-axis
plot(x, y, label = ‘Sample line ‘): plotted Sample Line will be displayed as a
legend
What is Pyplot in Matplotlib?
Pyplot is a Matplotlib module that provides a MATLAB-like interface.
Matplotlib is designed to be as usable as MATLAB, with the ability to use
Python and the advantage of being free and open-source.
Each pyplot function makes some changes to a figure: e.g., creates a figure,
creates a plotting area in a figure, plots some lines in a plotting area, decorates
the plot with labels, etc.
The various plots we can utilize using Pyplot are Line
Plot, Histogram, Scatter, 3D Plot, Image, Contour, and Polar

Matplotlib Pyplot Examples

There are various ways to create Matplotlib Pyplot . here we are discussing
some generally used methods for create Matplotlib Pyplot those are following.
1)Linear Plot using matplotlib.pyplot
2)Linear Plot with Line Formatting
3)Scatter Plot with Color Mapping

6B) Python program to illustrate liner plotting with line formatting using
Matplotlib.
Matplotlib Simple Line Plot
A simple line chart is generated using NumPy to define data values.
The x-values are evenly spaced points, and the y-values are calculated as twice
the corresponding x-values.
7) Write a Python program which explains uses of customizing
seaborn plots with Aesthetic functions.

Seaborn is a library mostly used for statistical plotting in Python. It is built on

top of Matplotlib and provides beautiful default styles and color palettes to
make statistical plots more attractive.

In this tutorial, we will learn about Python Seaborn from basics to advance
using a huge dataset of seaborn basics, concepts, and different graphs that can
be plotted.

The provided Python script utilizes the seaborn library, in conjunction

with numpy and matplotlib, to create a series of sine wave plots with
customized aesthetics. Here’s a concise overview:

1. Data Generation:
 The script uses numpy to generate a series of sine wave plots.
2. Seaborn Integration:
 seaborn is imported and configured with a default theme
(set_theme).
 The context is set to “notebook” with customized font scaling and
line width (set_context).
3. Customized Aesthetics:
 The sinplot function generates multiple sine wave plots with
varying frequencies and amplitudes.
4. Title and Display:
 The script adds a title to the plot, ‘Seaborn Plots with Aesthetic
Functions.’
 The show function is called to display the generated plots.

This script serves as an illustrative example of how seaborn can be used to

enhance the aesthetics of data visualizations, providing readers with insights
into customizing plot styles and themes for more visually appealing results. It’s
particularly useful for those looking to leverage seaborn for improved
aesthetics in their data analysis and visualization workflows.
 8) Write a Python program to explain working with bokeh line graph using
Annotations and Legends.

a) Write a Python program for plotting different types of plots using Bokeh.

provided Python script demonstrates the use of the Bokeh library to create
interactive data visualizations with multiple plots. Here’s a concise overview:

1. Data Generation:
 The script generates example data ( x and y) using NumPy to represent
sine waves.
2. Interactive Tools:
 Bokeh’s interactive tools ( TOOLS) are enabled for features like pan,
zoom, reset, and save.
3. Multiple Plots:
 Two separate plots ( p1 and p2) are created with different visualizations,
including circles, lines, and markers.
4. Legend and Titles:
 Legends are added to distinguish between different elements in the
plots.
 Titles are provided for each plot.
5. Grid Layout:
 The gridplot function is used to arrange the plots in a grid layout.
6. Interactive Display:
 The show function is called to display the grid layout, enabling
interactive exploration.

This script serves as an introduction to using Bokeh for creating interactive

visualizations with multiple plots, making it suitable for readers interested in
interactive data exploration and visualization techniques.

9) Write a Python program to draw 3D Plots using Plotly Libraries

Another Example
import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.gapminder().query("continent=='Asia'")
fig = px.line_3d(df, x="gdpPercap", y="pop", z="year", color='country', title='Economic Evolution of Asian
Countries Over Time')
fig.show()

In this Python program, we leverage the power of Plotly Express to visualize the
economic evolution of Asian countries over time. The dataset used is Gapminder, a
comprehensive collection of global development indicators. The focus is specifically
on the Asian continent.

1. Import Libraries:
 We start by importing the necessary libraries, including plotly.express for
interactive visualizations.
2. Data Loading:
 We load the Gapminder dataset and filter it to include only Asian countries.
3. 3D Line Plot:
 The key visualization is a 3D line plot created using px.line_3d .
 The x-axis represents the GDP per capita ( gdpPercap ), the y-axis represents
the population ( pop), and the z-axis represents the year ( year).
 Each line corresponds to a different country, differentiated by color.
4. Interactive Exploration:
 The resulting plot is interactive, allowing users to zoom, pan, and hover over
data points to explore specific details.

Users can observe how GDP per capita and population have changed over the years
for various Asian countries. The color-coded lines help distinguish between different
nations.
Output

10 A) Write a Python program to draw Time Series using Plotly

Libraries

CUR_DLR_INR.csv
CUR_DLR_INR Download

The provided Python script showcases the use of the Plotly Express library to create
an interactive line plot depicting the exchange rate between the US Dollar and the
Indian Rupee over time. Here’s a concise overview:

1. Data Import:
 The script uses the Pandas library to read currency conversion data from a
CSV file (‘CUR_DLR_INR.csv’). You can download the csv file given above.
2. Plotly Express:
  Plotly Express ( px) is employed to create an interactive line plot with the
exchange rate data.
3. Line Plot:
 The line function from Plotly Express is used to generate a line plot.
 The x-axis represents dates (‘DATE’), and the y-axis represents exchange rates
(‘RATE’).
4. Title:
 The plot is given a title, ‘Dollar vs Rupee,’ for context.
5. Interactive Display:
 The show method is called on the figure ( fig) to display the interactive plot.

This script provides a quick and effective demonstration of using Plotly Express to
visualize time-series data, making it suitable for readers interested in creating
interactive and visually appealing line plots for financial or currency-related datasets.

10B) write a python program for creating maps using Plotly Libraries .

Choropleth maps

A choropleth map is a type of map that uses different colors or shades to

represent data values in different regions, such as countries, states, or provinces.
In a choropleth map, each region is colored according to the value of a specific
data variable, such as population, income, or temperature.
Choropleth maps can be used in a variety of applications, such as election
mapping, demographic analysis, and geographic data visualization.
They can help you see patterns and trends in your data that may not be apparent
in a table or a chart and provide a powerful way to communicate information to
your audience.
While both the scatter_geo and Choropleth functions in Plotly are used to create
geographic visualizations, they are different in terms of the types of data they
are best suited for and the way they represent that data on a map.
The scatter_geo function is best used for plotting individual data points on a
map, where each point represents a specific geographic location, such as a city,
a landmark, or an earthquake.
In contrast, the Choropleth function is used to visualize data that is aggregated
or averaged across regions, such as countries, states, or provinces.
Each region is shaded or colored according to the value of a specific data
variable, such as population density, average income, or unemployment rate.