Nomor 1.

Soal
Stand-up comedians have long joked that some things,like actual components of chicken
nuggets, are better left mysterious.

Recently, Mississippi research found out why two nuggets they examined consisted of 50
percent or less chicken muscle tissue, not the breast or thigh meat that comes to mind when
a costumers thinks of “chicken”. The nuggets came from two national fast food chains. The
three researchers selected one nugget from each box, preserved, dissected and stained the
nuggets, than look up at them under a microscope. The first nugget was about half muscle,
with the rest a mix of fat, blood vessels and nerves. The second nugget was only 40 percent
muscle, and the reminder was fat, cartilage and pieces of bone.

“We all know white chicken meat to be one of the best sources of lean protein available
and encourage our patients to eat it,” says Dr. Richard deShazo of the University of
Mississippi Medical Centre. “What happened is that some companies have chosen to use an
artificial mixture of chicken parts rather than low -fat chicken white meat, better it up and
fry it and still call it chicken,” he adds. It is really a chicken by -product high in calories,
salt, sugar, and fat that is a very unhealthy choice. Even worse, it taste great and kids love it
and its marketed to them.

The nuggets he examined would be okay to eat occasionally, but he worries that since they
are cheap, convenient and tasty, kids eat them often. His own grandchildren “beg” for
chicken nuggets all the time, and he compromises by making them at home by pan-frying
chicken breasts with a small amount of oil, says deShazo.

“Chicken nuggets are an excellent source of protein, especially for kids who might be
picky eaters.” Says Ashley Peterson, vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs for
the National Chicken Council (NCC), a non profit trade group representing the US chicken
industry. “This study evaluates only two chicken nugget sample out of the billion of chicken
nuggets that are made every years,” says Peterson. A sample size of two nuggets is simply
too small to generalize to an entire category of food, she says.

The NCC vice president, Ashley Peterson, argued against the result the Mississippi research
on chicken nuggets because…

A. Children eat them a lot

B. The children were not picky eaters

C. The sample of the study was too small

D. In fact chicken nuggets are good for kids

E. There are billions of chicken nuggets made every year

Pembahasan Jawaban: C. The sample of the study was too small

Soal : Wakil presiden NCC, Ashley Peterson, menentang hasil penelitian

Mississippi tentang chicken nugget karena…

Pembahasan: Kalimat terakhir paragraf menyebut ; A sample size of two

nuggets is simply too small to generalize to an entire category of food.
Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang membuat Ashley
Peterson meragukan hasil penelitian Mississippi terhadap nugget ayam
adalah karena sampel yang digunakan terlalu kecil.

Opsi A (salah)
 Artinya yaitu Anak-anak banyak memakannya

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya yaitu Anak-anak bukanlah pemilih makanan

Opsi C (benar)

Artinya yaitu Sampel penelitian terlalu kecil

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya yaitu pada faktanya ayam nugget baik untuk anak-anak

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya yaitu Ada miliaran nugget ayam yang dibuat setiap tahun

Materi Reading

Nomor 2.

Soal Rainbows are formed when sunlight falling on raindrops is split into the different colours
of the spectrum (range) of light. Sunlight is really a mixture of all the colours of the
spectrum: red, orange, green, blue, indigo and violet, but our eyes always see them as
ordinary white light. When a beam of light passes at an angle through a curved transparent
surface, such as a raindrops, the beam is bent when it emerges. The different colours of light
are bent by different amounts, so the white light is split into the colours of the spectrum.
This effect can also be seen when light passes through a piece of glass cut at different
angles, such as a prism.

How else can we see the spectrum of lights other than through raindrops?

A. Through a white light

B. Through transparent layers

C. Through the mirror

D. Through a piece of glass cut of different angles, such as a prism

E. Through sunlight

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. Through a piece of glass cut of different angles, such as

a prism

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan di soal ini adalah Bagaimana lagi kita bisa melihat spektrum
cahaya selain melalui tetesan air hujan. Jawabannya akan kita temukan di
kalimat akhir dari teks ini.

Opsi A (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah melalui cahaya putih

Opsi B (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah melalui lapisan transparan

Opsi C (Salah)
 Arti kalimat ini adalah melalui cermin

Opsi D (Benar)

Arti kalimat ini adalah melalui potongan kaca dengan sudut yang
berbeda, seperti prisma

Opsi E (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah melalui sinar matahari

Materi Reading

Nomor 3.

Soal The most familiar speleothems (from the Greek word spelion for cave and thema for
deposit), the decorative dripstone features found in caves, are stalacties and stalagmites,
Stalacties hang downward from ceiling of the cave and are formed as drop after drop of
water slowly trickles through cracks in the cave roof. Stalagmites grow upward from the
floor of the cave, generally as a result of water dripping from an overhead stalactite. A
colomn forms when stalactite and a stalagmite grow until they join . A “curtain” of
“drapery” begins to form on an inclined ceiling when drops of water trickle along a slope.

Natural openings on the surface that lead to caves are called sinkholes, or swallow holes.
Streams sometimes disappear down these holes and flow through the cavern. Rivers may
flow from one mountain to another through a series of caves. Some caverns have sinkholes
in thier floors. Water often build up a rim of dripstone around the edge of the hole. Dripping
water often contains dissolved minerals as well as acid. These minerals too will be
deposited; and they may give rich coloring to the deposits. If minerals in the water change,
layers of different colors may be formed.

Which speleothem grows upward from the floor?

A. Stalagmites

B. Stalactices

C. Sinkholes

D. Curtains

E. Cave

Pembahasan Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:

Soal ini menanyakan speleothern yang mana yang tumbuh ke atas dari
lantai. Jawabannya adalah A karena stalagmitelah yang tumbuh ke atas

Opsi A (Benar)

Stalagmit

Opsi B (Salah)

Stalactik itu menggantung dari langit-langit gua

 Opsi C (Salah)

Sinkholes adalah merupakan bukaan yang mengarah ke dalam gua

Opsi D (Salah)

Curtains terbentuk saat butiran ir menetes menuruni lereng

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya gua

Materi Reading

Nomor 4.

Soal “The destination you have dialed does not exist.”

It is Jan. 9, 2005 I have spent two weeks in Thailand reporting on a tsunami that has
transformed its famous beach resorts into corpse-strewn ruins. One night, exhausted, my
clothes reeking of death, I try to calling a colleague in the hard-hit Indonesian province of
Aceh. I simply misdial, but the recorded message gives me chills: “The destination you
have dialed…”

Aceh did exist, of course, but with 166,000 dead or missing it had borne the brunt of the
Indian Ocean tsunami, triggered by a 9-15 magnitude earthquake off the Indonesian coast
on Dec. 26, 2004. It was a truly international catastrophe: the tsunami struck 13 countries,
killing 226,000 people of 40 nationalities.

Why does the destination the narrator dialed does not exist?

A. Because the narrator dialed the wrong number

B. Becuase after tsunami hit Aceh, phone numbers that once existed are no longer exist

C. Because of telecommunication failure

D. Because the number has been change

E. Because the signal does not exist

Pembahasan Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan di soal ini adalah mengapa nomor yang dituju tidak ada. Dan
jawabannya adalah ‘’I simply misdial,..’’ (salah sambung)

Opsi A (Benar)

Arti kalimat ini adalah karena narator memutar nomor yang salah
 Opsi B (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah karena setelah tsunami melanda Aceh, nomor
telepon yang dulu ada sudah tidak ada lagi

Opsi C (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah karena kegagalan telekomunikasi

Opsi D (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah karena nomornya sudah berubah

Opsi E (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah karena tidak ada sinyal

Materi Reading

Nomor 5.

Soal Everybody should change their way of life to reduce global warming. There are several
things that we can do. One of them is by buying and consuming fresh local groceries as
much as possible. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits, bread, etc.

Local groceries don’t need much transportation to get it into the market. It of course
means, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is less than the groceries from other region.
Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
produced.

Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are healthier for us. Furthermore, fresh
food or groceries means no requirements for it to be freeze up. It means that no electricity is
needed and saving energy means reducing carbon dioxide and money.

So, from now on we should consume fresh local groceries to reduce global warming.

We are helping reduce the amount of global warming” (Paragraph 2)

The reduce word can be replaced by ….

A. Increase

B. Decrease

C. Improve

D. Add

E. Maximize

Pembahasan Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:
 Pembahasan:Persamaan kata reduce adalah decrease. Sementara option
yang lain artinya bertambah/menambah

Opsi A (Salah)

Bertambah

Opsi B (Benar)

Mengurangi

Opsi C (Salah)

Mengambangkan

Opsi D (Salah)

Menambah

Opsi E (Salah)

Memaksimalkan

Materi Reading

Nomor 6.

Soal Rainbows are formed when sunlight falling on raindrops is split into the different colours
of the spectrum (range) of light. Sunlight is really a mixture of all the colours of the
spectrum: red, orange, green, blue, indigo and violet, but our eyes always see them as
ordinary white light. When a beam of light passes at an angle through a curved transparent
surface, such as a raindrops, the beam is bent when it emerges. The different colours of light
are bent by different amounts, so the white light is split into the colours of the spectrum.
This effect can also be seen when light passes through a piece of glass cut at different
angles, such as a prism.

How are the rainbows formed?

A. They are formed when sunlight falling on raindrops is split into the different colours of
the spectrum of light

B. When the sunlight spectrum mixed colours

C. When a beam of light passes at an angle through a transparent surface

D. When a beam of light passes through a piece of glass cut at different angles

E. When raindrops and sunlight rise up together

Pembahasan Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:
 Soal ini menanyakan bagaimana pelangi terbentuk. Dan jawabannya
sudah sangat jelas disebutkan di kalimat pertama

Opsi A (Benar)

Arti kalimat ini adalah mereka terbentuk ketika sinar matahari yang jatuh
pada tetesan hujan dipecah menjadi warna spektrum cahaya yang berbeda

Opsi B (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah ketika spektrum sinar matahari bercampur warna

Opsi C (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah ketika seberkas cahaya melewati sebuah sudut
melalui permukaan transparan

Opsi D (Salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah ketika seberkas cahaya melewati sepotong kaca
yang dipotong pada sudut yang berbeda

Opsi E (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah ketika air hujan dan sinar matahari muncul
bersamaan

Materi Reading

Nomor 7.

Soal Jacob Davis bought large amounts of denim fabric from Levi Strauss. He was a tailor who
made pants for hard-working men. One of his customers was continually tearing the pockets
off his pants. So Jacob Davis decided to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to make them
stronger. The customer loved the new pants so much that he told all his friends, and soon
Jacob Davis was busy making lots of pants with rivets.

Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea, and he didn’t want
anybody to steal that idea. He decided that he would need to get a patent. But being a poor
tailor, he didn’t have enough money to pay for the patent. After thinking it over, he went to
the businessman Levi Strauss and told him his idea. He said “If you agree to pay for the
patent, we will share the profits from the riveted pants.” Levi Strauss did agree, and the new
riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss and Company. Today Levi’s jeans are more
popular than ever, and Levi’s name continues to live on.

What did Jacob Davis do to get the patent?

A. He got a loan from Levi Strauss and Company

B. He contacted Levi Strauss to finance the patent by sharing the profit

C. He made a profit from his business

D. He stole the idea of riveted pants from Levi Strauss

E. He paid the patent from Levi Strauss

Pembahasan Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:
 Pertanyaan di soal ini adalah apa yang David Jacob laukan untuk
mendapatkan hak patennya. Kita bisa mendapatkan jawaban untuk
pertanyaan ini di paragraf 2. Di sana kita dapat menemukan bahwa Jacob
Davis berkolaborasi dengan Levi Strauss, dan bersama-sama mereka
menciptakan Levi Strauss and Company.

Opsi A (Salah)

Artinya dia mendapat pinjaman dari Levi Strauss and Company

Opsi B (Benar)

Artinya dia menghubungi Levi Strauss untuk membiayai hak paten

Opsi C (Salah)

Artinya dia mendapat untung dari bisnisnya

Opsi D (Salah)

Artinya dia mencuri ide celana terpaku dari Levi Strauss

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya dia membayar hak patennya dari Levi Strauss

Materi Reading

Nomor 8.

Soal The Japanese traditional house made of wood is expected to last about twenty years before
having to be repaired or rebuilt. Each year it is depreciated.

The interior design is what really sets the Japanese traditional houses. With the exception
of the entry way (genkam), the kitchen (daidokoro), the bathing room (sento) and toile
(benjo), the room in a Japanese traditional house does not have a designed use.

A room can easily be a living area; a bed room, a dining room or any combination. Large
are partitioned by fusuma, sliding doors made of wood and thick paper. Th paper used for
fusuma is called washi. These sliding doors can be removed whenever a large space is
needed.

In large traitional houses, there was one large room, or ima (living space) that could be
divided as needed. The smaller rooms like kitchen, bath and toilet were small extentions to
side. Rouka or wooden-floored hallways, follow the edge of the home. Windows are made
of wood and shoji paper, which is thin enough to let the light shine through.

Even Japanese modern houses tend to have one traditional Japanese room, called a
washitsu. This room has tatami mats on the floor as used in Japanese traditional house.
Tatami are thick straw mats covered with stitched, woven rushes. Tatami are smooth and
firm enough to walk on, while making a sleeping surface more comfortable than wood or
stone.

Some modern houses in Japan have a…. (which is usually found in traditional houses)

A. ima

B. washi
 C. rouka

D. fusuma

E. washitsu

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. washitsu

Soal : Beberapa rumah modern di Jepang memiliki…. (yang biasanya

terdapat pada rumah adat)

Pembahasan : Kalimat pertama pada paragraf 5 menyatakan bahwa

Even Japanese modern houses tend to have one traditional Japanese
room, called a washitsu

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya ruangan besar

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya kertas yang digunakan untuk fusuma

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya Lorong berlantai kayu

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya pintu geser terbuat dari kayu dan kertas tebal

Opsi E (benar)

Artinya ruangan tradisional jepang

Materi Reading

Nomor 9.

Soal (1) Chlid development refers to the biological, pshychological, and emotional changes
that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual
progresses from independency to increasing autonomy. (2) It is a continuous process with a
predictable sequence yet having a unique course for every child. (3) It does not progress at
the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development. (4) Because
these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events
during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the
study of child development. (5) Child care programs present a critical oppurtunity for
promotion of child development. (6) Developmental change occurs as a result of
genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of environmental
factors and learning, but most commonly involves an interaction between the two. (7) It
may also occur as a result of human nature and our ability to learn from our environment.

The following paragraph most likely discusses...

A. what genetic factors affect child development

B. each development stage

C. how children adjust to their environment

D. emotional changes that might occur in a child

 E. stages in child development

Pembahasan Jawaban: C. how children adjust to their environment

Soal : Paragraf berikut kemungkinan besar membahas...

Pembahasan: Pada kalimat terakhir dari paragraf tersebut membahas

tentang kemampuan belajar dari alam. Maka kemungkinan paragraf
selanjutnya adalah tentang bagaimana anak-anak menyesuaikan dengan
lingkungannya (how children adjust to their environment).

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya faktor genetik apa yang mempengaruhi perkembangan anak

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya setiap tahap perkembangan

Opsi C (benar)

Artinya bagaimana anak menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya perubahan emosional yang mungkin terjadi pada anak

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya tahapan perkembangan anak

Materi Reading

Nomor 10.

Soal Drug users are actually ill people who need help. Rehabilitation is one of the main things
they should get. Instead of punishing drug users in prisons, the government should provide
rehabilitation for them.

Most users are actually victims of persuasive peddlers and they suffer from consuming the
drugs. Therefore, by rehabilitating them, we are actually helping them out from traps, which
they might accidentally step on.

If we only arrest drug users and send them to jail, this doesn't solve the problem as drug
users will still be addicted unless proper rehabilitation is imposed to them. Providing
rehabilitation programs for drug users and forcing them to participate in the programs is
better than only arresting them and doing nothing to their illness. Only drug dealers,
traffickers, and wholesalers should be imprisoned

Most drug users get drugs from ....

A. Jails
 B. Peddlers

C. Traffickers

D. Wholesalers

E. Rehabilition center

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. Peddlers

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan pada soal ini adalah para pengguna obat-obatan terlarang

paling banyak mendapatkan dari.. Jawabannya dapat diketahui di
paragraf 2 kalimat pertama. ‘’Most users are actually victims of
persuasive peddlers and they suffer from consuming the drugs’’
(Sebagian besar pengguna sebenarnya adalah korban dari penjajah
persuasif dan mereka menderita karena mengkonsumsi obat-obatan''

Opsi A (Salah)

Penjara

Opsi B (Benar)

Penjajah

Opsi C (Salah)

Pedagang

Opsi D (Salah)

Pedagang grosir

Opsi E (Salah)

Pusat rehabilitasi

Materi Reading

Nomor 11.

Soal Global warning is the most recent threat our earth has to endure. It is about a change in
our earth’s surface, part or whole, temperature. Temperatures today are 0.74°C higher than
150 years ago. Many scientists believe that the fundamental factor causing it is a rise in
atmospheric carbon dioxide level. When people use fossil fuels like coal and oil, the release
more carbon dioxide to the air. Nature has already provided us with the preventive
equipment. trees, which absorbs much of the carbon dioxide. But nowadays, people cut
down the earth’s forest recklessly; which means less carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants.

If the earth’s temperature becomes hotter, the sea level will also become higher. This is
partly because water expands when it gets warmer. It is also partly because warm
temperatures make glaciers melt. The sea level rise may cause coastal areas to flood. It will
also cause the weather patterns to change which leads to many catastrophe for mankind.

According to the text, what we can do to prevent more global warming damage?

A. Buy an air conditioner

B. Build wooden house

 C. Cut more trees

D. Plant more trees

E. dispose of the trash in its place

Pembahasan Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan di soal ini adalah apa yang bisa kita lakukan untuk mencegah
pemanasan global. Di teks dituliskan bahwa salah satu pemanasan global
adalah karena banyak hutan yang ditebang pohonnya sehingga karbon
dioksida tidak banyak yang diserap oleh tumbuhan. (But nowadays,
people cut down the earth’s forest recklessly; which means less carbon
dioxide is absorbed by plants). Jadi jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan
diatas adalah menanam lebih banyak pohon

Opsi A (Salah)

Artinya membeli AC

Opsi B (Salah)

Artinya membangun rumah kayu

Opsi C (Salah)

Artinya memotong lebih banyak pohon

Opsi D (Benar)

Artinya menanam lebih banyak pohon

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya buang sampah pada tempatnya

Materi Reading

Nomor 12.

Soal From : Mimi Syafiah;[email protected]

Date : May 1st, 2015

Subject : SEAMEO Voctech [ID] confirmation Letter RTP on 14-26 May 2015

To : Tofan Sutrisno

Dear Mr.Sutrisno

Please give the attachment enclosed to all of the participants who will be attending the
Regular Training Program on Developing an International Standard Quality Management
System for Educational Institutions 14-26 May 2015 in Brunei Darussalam. Agendas will be
discussed are as follows.
 1. Scholarship Confirmation Letter,

2. The Scholarship Rules & Regulations, and

3. The Travel Advice

Please submit us all participant’s scanned passport detail soon or before 10 May 2015 for
ticket bookings and Visa clearance.

Please contact me if you have any further queries.

Mimi Syafiah

Training & Quality Assurance Division

What do the participants of the event have to submit for Visa clearance?

A. The most recent photograph

B. Scanned passport details

C. The latest TOEFL score transcripts

D. Voctech’s ID card number

E. School certificate

Pembahasan Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan di soal ini adalah apa yang harus dimasukan oleh peserta
untuk ijin Jawabannya ada dikalimat ‘’Visa Please submit us all
participant’s scanned passport detail soon or before 10 May 2015 for
ticket bookings and Visa clearance’’. (Visa Harap kirimkan kepada kami
semua detail paspor yang dipindai peserta segera atau sebelum 10 Mei
2015 untuk pemesanan tiket dan izin Visa

Opsi A (Salah)

Artinya foto terbaru

Opsi B (Benar)

Artinya detail paspor yang dipindai

Opsi C (Salah)

Artinya transkrip skor TOEFL terbaru

Opsi D (Salah)

Artinya nomor kartu identitas Voctech

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya Ijazah sekolah

Materi Reading

Nomor 13.

Soal One day, a young farm boy named eragon finds a blue stone while hunting and tries to sell
it for money. Unsuccessful in his attempts, he takes the stone back to his cabin and lets it sit
there until it hatches into a beautiful blue dragon. Eragon realizes he can talk to this secret
heroes called the Riders.

With the help of brom, a wise man, Eragon matures into his destiny. The challenges he
faces include fighting a long-standing war, helping an ethereal elf, and dealing with tragedy
and revenge. Certain details, such as Eragon’s revelation that he cannot read, develop this
rich work and blend together to produce a number of plot twists. The story builds suspense
steadily until the end.

Remarkably, author Chrisoper Paolini began writing Eragon at the age of 15. Now 19, he
has already established himself a an exciting new creator whose influence include Tolkien,
Mccaffrey, and others. His world is intricate, his characters believable, and his writing
engaging.

Both casual readers and hardcore fans of fantasy and science fiction novels will be
enchanted by this well crafted fantasy and unquestionably will look forward to part two and
three of this exciting trilogy.

How eragon talks to his dragon ?

A. With his mind

B. With a blue stone

C. With his smartness

D. With secret language

E. With the help of a wise man

Pembahasan Jawaban: A. With his mind

Soal : Bagaimana eragon berbicara dengan naganya?

Pembahasan: Paragraf pertama kalimat terkahir menyatakan bahw dia

bisa berbicara dengan pikirannya (Eragon realizes he can talk to this
secret pet dragon with his mind).

Opsi A (benar)

Artinya yaitu dengan pikirannya

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan batu biru

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan kecerdasaanya

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan Bahasa rahasia

 Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan pertolongan orang bijak

Materi Reading

Nomor 14.

Soal What is undeniably true is that pandas are striking animals. In 1996, the zoologist
Desmond Morris put forward 20 factors to explain the human obsession with pandas. About
half of them were to do with appearance: flat face,large face, soft appearance, rounded
outline, constrasting colors and so on. A panda can deliver one of the highest bite forces of
any carnivore, but appearances can be deceptive and it would be a mistake to get too close
to a wild panda.

Even in captivity, where pandas are used to being cooked over by human, they can be
dangerous. In 2006, a druken 28-year-old man by the name of Zhang clambered into the
panda’s internet. He’d been showing off to his campanion, but all he had to show for his
exploits was a right calf savaged beyond recognition.

Such injuries are possible because of the giant panda’s incredibly chunky skull and
Mohica-like sagittal crest. This is the anchor point for a massive chewing muscle that can
deliver one of the highest bite forces of any carnivore. The panda needs this impressive bite
if its is so crack its way into the tough sheath of a bamboo stem.

The panda also boasts an enlarged radial sesamoid bone or “false-thumb” to ge a grip as it
munches, a complex suite of gut microbes to help its digestion, and a readiness to spend
more than half its life collecting, preparing and eating bamboo.

With adaptations like these, the giant panda has performed a remakable evolutionary
swithcheroo. It is a carnivore that has found a way to eat bamboo, a food source that is
pretty dependable from one season to the nect. Even better, unlike the prey of most
carnivores, bamboo is not in the habit of running away.

Which of the following is not true about the giant panda’s appearances?

A. Rounded outline

B. Large face

C. Flat face

D. Tiny eyes

E. Constrasting colors

Pembahasan Jawaban : D. Tiny eyes

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan pada soal ini adalah menanyakan kalimat yang tidak benar
tentang penampilan panda. Mata panda itu besar bukan kecil jadi opsi
yang diberikan yang tidak sesuai dengan teks adalah mata kecil (tiny
kecil).

Opsi A (Salah)

Garis bulat, mata panda mempunyai garis bulatan disekitar matanya

 Opsi B (Salah)

Artinya wajah yang besar, panda memang mempunyai mata besar

Opsi C (Salah)

Muka datar, wajah panda terlihat datar

Opsi D (Benar)

Mata yang kecil

Opsi E (Salah)

Warna yang kontras, betul warna kulit panda sangat kontras yaitu hitam
putih

Materi Reading

Nomor 15.

Soal There are numeros consequences due to illegal activities in the foresty sector. Revenues
lost by governments casued by illegal logging result in decrease of their ability to invest in
the forestry sector. This han an effect on poverty levels, primarily because of the revenue
lost by goverment. As result, reduces their financial capability as well as the programs that
could be implemented to help the poor.

Moreover, poor people are not in a postion to influence political bodies. This keeps them
from accesing the forest resource. Finally the resources’s ;ow cost contributes to an increase
in waste and provides very little incentive to buy timber harvested from forests managed in
a sustainble manner. Inadequate forests law enforcement and governance in other countries
can also threaten sustainble forests management.

As for direct negative consequences of illegal logging on the wood products industry, their
effect is to simultaneously increase harvesting and increase the availability of timber, thus
lowering the price for producers. The price decrease suffered by producers can lead to
unfair competition, thus reducing the profitability of legal companies. Illegal logging is a
disincentive to sustainable forests management. The illegal timber trade threatens not only
the visibility of lrgal trade, but also its reputation.

Despite the negative impacts, some stakeholders might benefit from illegal forest
activities, such as consumers who could benefit from lower process and national industries
that could increase their competitiveness by having access to lower timber prices

Other more practice solutions are being put forward to reduce illegal logging and trade.
Some if those solutions relate more to timber trade, there is no doubt that forest certification
is seen, for some as tool; among many others, that enables control over the illegal wood
trade., especially when it comes to the cain of custody. Also, there are other methods
presently used or put forward to help combat illegal logging and illegal trade. They inculde
log tracking systems, legality license-based verification system such as labeling, privat and
public procurement policies, international coorporatiion and coordination in trade statistic,
information exchanghe on illegal trade, an the study of possible trade-related measures.

Which of the following best summarizes the passage ?

A. Multi-national cooperation is required to flight illegal logging.

B. illegal logging impacts a governments socially, economically, and politically

 C. Governmental and non-governmental organizations should flight illegal logging

D. Various solutions on illegal logging should be implemented to result effectively

E. Urgent solutions are needed to stop illegal logging with its multi-negative effects

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. illegal logging impacts a goverments socially,

enconomically, and politically

Soal : Manakah dari berikut ini yang paling meringkas bagian itu?

Pembahasan: Rangkuman yang paling tepat dari teks tersebut adalah

tentang efek secara sosial, ekonomi, dan politik dari penebangan liar.
Opsi A (salah)

Artinya Kerja sama multi-nasional diperlukan untuk memberantas

pembalakan liar.

Opsi B (benar)

Artinya pembalakan liar berdampak pada pemerintah secara sosial,

ekonomi, dan politik

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya Organisasi pemerintah dan non-pemerintah harus menghindari

pembalakan liar

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya Berbagai solusi atas pembalakan liar harus diterapkan agar

hasilnya efektif

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya Solusi mendesak diperlukan untuk menghentikan pembalakan

liar dengan efek multi-negatifnya

Materi Reading

Nomor 16.

Soal A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the night time, with problems such as
noise and dirt, could be improved with information form Twitter. At least this is what
Enrique and Vanessa Frias-Martinez believe, computer science researchers at Telefonica
Research and the University of Marryland (USA) respectively, who have suggested using
geolocalized tweets for urban planning and land use.

Enrique Frias-Martinez explained that geolocalized tweets can be very use ful source of
information for planing since it is an activity carried out by a large number of people who
provide information on where they are at aspecific time what they are doing. The researcher
points out that thanks to increased use of smartphones, social networks like Twitter and
Facebook have made it possible to access and produce information ubiquitously.

These networks generate tags with the event’s geolocation. The new technique
“automatically determines land use in urban areas by grouping together geographical
regions with similiar patterns of Twitter activity”, says the researcher. Using aggregate
activity of tweets, the Frisa-Martinez siblings have studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid,
and London. In the first two cases they identified four uses; residential, bussines, day time
leisure (mainly parks and touris areas) and nightlife areas. The study has determainded that,
 in Madrid, night-time tweet activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on
weekdays. On the other land, London is chracterized by its tweeting activity in daytime
leisure areas.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the study ?

A. It is shown that people in London mostly tweet in daytime leisure areas.

B. The focus of the study is land use in Manhattan, Madrid, and London

C. Residential, business, daytime leisure, and nightlife areas could be identified.

D. Manhattan and Madrid’s night-time tweet activities are concentrated differently.

E. The researcher could identify four land uses in Manhattan, Madrid and London.

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. The researcher could identify four land uses in

Manhattan, Madrid and London

Soal : Menurut paragraf tersebut, manakah dari berikut ini yang

TIDAK BENAR tentang penelitian ini?

Pembahasan: Pernyataan yang tidak benar terhadap penelitian tersebut

adalah para peneliti dapat mengidentifikasi empat fungsi lahan di
Manhattan, Madrid dan London. Kalimat terebut tidak di sebutkan dalam
teks

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya Terlihat bahwa orang-orang di London kebanyakan men-tweet di

area rekreasi siang hari.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya Fokus penelitian adalah penggunaan lahan di Manhattan, Madrid,

dan London

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya Area perumahan, bisnis, rekreasi siang hari, dan kehidupan

malam dapat diidentifikasi

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya Aktivitas tweet malam Manhattan dan Madrid terkonsentrasi

secara berbeda.

Opsi E (benar)

Artinya Peneliti dapat mengidentifikasi empat penggunaan lahan di

Manhattan, Madrid dan London.

Materi Reading

Nomor 17.
Soal Cramming

How do you study when the test is coming? Do you start preparing for the test weeks or
months before the test or leave things to the last hour? If you start studying weeks or
months before the test, it is great. However, if you study all the material in the last hour or
minute, it is not good for you. This is called cramming.

Cramming is when students stay up all night until morning to study before a test or finish
an assignment. This habit can lead to negative impacts, the first being that disruptions in the
regular sleep cycle can cause temporary intellectual lapses. For most students, less sleep can
make them could not focus on the class. Additionally, cramming can leave us with memory
lapses as well.

Each person has a different sleeping schedule, so some of them often use a stimulant for
cramming. An example stimulant, and the most common, is coffee. While delicious and
beneficial, it causes many problems in the long-term such as caffeine intoxication
syndrome, anxiety, panic, and headaches.

To sum up, cramming is not recommended because it disturbs a person’s sleep cycle
which causes temporary intellectual lapses, and using stimulants for cramming gives them a
bad effect on their health.

Look at the following diseases.

(1) Caffeine intoxication syndrome

(2) Headache

(3) Anxiety

(4) Depression

(5) Herpes

The diseases can be used by coffee is number…

A. (1), (2), and (3)

B. (1), (3), and (4)

C. (1), (4), and (5)

D. (2), (3), and (4)

E. (2), (4), and (5)

Pembahasan Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaannya adalah apa penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kopi.

Jawabannya ada di kalimat ‘’it causes many problems in the long-term
such as caffeine intoxication syndrome, anxiety, panic, and headaches’’.
Disana disebutkan penyalit yang disebabkan kopi adalah sindrom
intoksin kafein, cemas, panic dan sakit kepala. Jadi jawaban yang tepat
adalah opsi A.

Opsi A (Benar)
 Opsi B (Salah)

Opsi C (Salah)

Opsi D (Salah)

Opsi E (Salah)

Materi Reading

Nomor 18.

Soal What is undeniably true is that pandas are striking animals. In 1996, the zoologist
Desmond Morris put forward 20 factors to explain the human obsession with pandas. About
half of them were to do with appearance: flat face,large face, soft appearance, rounded
outline, constrasting colors and so on. A panda can deliver one of the highest bite forces of
any carnivore, but appearances can be deceptive and it would be a mistake to get too close
to a wild panda.

Even in captivity, where pandas are used to being cooked over by human, they can be
dangerous. In 2006, a druken 28-year-old man by the name of Zhang clambered into the
panda’s internet. He’d been showing off to his campanion, but all he had to show for his
exploits was a right calf savaged beyond recognition.

Such injuries are possible because of the giant panda’s incredibly chunky skull and
Mohica-like sagittal crest. This is the anchor point for a massive chewing muscle that can
deliver one of the highest bite forces of any carnivore. The panda needs this impressive bite
if its is so crack its way into the tough sheath of a bamboo stem.

The panda also boasts an enlarged radial sesamoid bone or “false-thumb” to ge a grip as it
munches, a complex suite of gut microbes to help its digestion, and a readiness to spend
more than half its life collecting, preparing and eating bamboo.

With adaptations like these, the giant panda has performed a remakable evolutionary
swithcheroo. It is a carnivore that has found a way to eat bamboo, a food source that is
pretty dependable from one season to the nect. Even better, unlike the prey of most
carnivores, bamboo is not in the habit of running away.

What is stated in the text about the giant pandas?

A. the giant pandas are tame animals.

B. the giant pandas have scary appearances.

C. the giant pandas are carnivorous animals that eat meat.

D. the giant pandas are herbivorous animals that eat bamboo.

E. the giant pandas have massive chewing muscle.

Pembahasan Jawaban: E

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan untuk soal ini adalah pernyataan yang sesuai dengan

informasi dari teks tersebut mengenai panda raksasa adalah..?.
Jawabannya adalah E karena dari informasi yang didapat dari teks
tersebut adalah panda raksasa memiliki otot mengunyah yang besar.

Opsi A (Salah)
 Panda raksasa adalah binatang jinak

Opsi B (Salah)

Panda raksasa memiliki penampakan yang menakutkan

Opsi C (Salah)

Panda raksasa adalah binatang karnivora yaitu memakan daging

Opsi D (Salah)

Panda raksasa adalah binatang herbivora yaitu memakan bambu

Opsi E (Benar)

Panda raksasa memiliki otot mengunyah yang besar.

Materi Reading

Nomor 19.

Soal Calorie-restricted diets have been shown to increase the lifespan and health span of
everything from yeast to monkeys – as long as there is no malnutrition. And while no long-
term studies have proven the benefits of calorie restriction on human lifespan, shorter-term
studies suggest that it does improve health. Here’s how it might work.

Our bodies monitor and sense the amount of nutrients available through specific
molecules in our cells. Depending on the amount of food we eat, these molecules tweak our
metabolism to regulate how we use the available nutrients. One of these molecules is an
enzyme called TOR. When there is a lot of food, the TOR enzyme instructs cells in the body
to grow. If there is less food, TOR instructs the body to be on alert - a state that scientists
refer to as a “mild stress response”.

Many experiments have shown that when animals eat a lot of food, especially for
prolonged periods, TOR senses this and their lifespan becomes shorter. But do all foods
have this effect on TOR? TOR enzyme is especially activated when cells sense large
amounts of amino acids (the building blocks of protein) or protein. A protein-restricted diet,
without malnutrition, can have the same effects on the metabolism and lifespan of lab
animals as a calorie-restricted diet.

Age-related diseases are known to be caused by genetic mutations, but could there be a
connection between TOR, nutrition and diseases of old age? We know that nutrition is
associated with cancer and heart disease, and overactive TOR is known to be involved in
these diseases, but recent studies show that TOR is also directly related to
neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the activity of the TOR enzyme in the brains of
people with Alzheimer’s is much higher compared with healthy brains. Also, simulating
these diseases in mice and other lab animals has shown that removing excess TOR stops
brain cells dying.

So, there may be a link between what we eat, how it is sensed by our body and the risk of
neurodegenerative disease. Scientists are exploring different possibilities to prevent
neurodegeneration. If more protein means more active TOR, we could either modify our
diet, safely, or develop a drug that tricks our body into thinking it is getting less protein.

source: https://theconversation.com/tor-an-enzyme-that-could-hold-the-secret-to-longevity-
and-healthy-ageing-118568

According to recent research, how is TOR enzyme related to aging-related disease?

 A. Neurodegenerative disease may cause a decrease in TOR enzyme activity

B. TOR enzyme could prevent the death of brain cells brought on by diseases

C. Increased activity of TOR enzyme in brain may result in cardiovascular diseases

D. An excessive amount of TOR enzyme may lead to neurodegenerative diseases

E. Alzheimer and other diseases may stimulate the production of the TOR enzyme

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. An excessive amount of TOR enzyme may lead to

neurodegenerative diseases

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan penelitian terbaru, Bagaimana enzim TOR

berhubungan dengan penyakit terkait dengan penuaan?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang bagaimana enzim TOR
berhubungan dengan penyakit terkait penuaan. Adapun hal tersebut
dibahas dalam paragraf 4, kalimat 2-3 berikut:

“We know that nutrition is associated with cancer and heart disease, and
overactive TOR is known to be involved in these diseases, but recent
studies show that TOR is also directly related to neurodegenerative
diseases. For example, the activity of the TOR enzyme in the brains of
people with Alzheimer’s is much higher compared with healthy brains.”

Artinya:

“Kita tahu bahwa nutrisi berkaitan dengan kanker dan penyakit jantung,
dan ezim TOR yang terlalu aktif diketahui terlibat dalam penyakit
tersebut, tetapi penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa TOR juga terkait
langsung dengan penyakit neurodegeneratif. Misalnya, aktivitas enzim
TOR di otak penderita Alzheimer jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan
otak yang sehat.”

Dari paragraf tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa enzim TOR

berhubungan dengan penyakit yang berkaitan dengan penuaan
(neurodegenerative) karena ditemukan bahwa tingginya kadar enzim
TOR dalam tubuh dan otak dapat menyebabkan seseorang terkena
penyakit tersebut.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “Penyakit neurodegeneratif dapat menyebabkan penurunan

aktivitas enzim TOR.” Opsi A salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “Enzim TOR dapat mencegah kematian sel-sel otak yang

disebabkan oleh penyakit.” Opsi B salah karena tidak sesuai dengan
informasi dalam teks.

Opsi C (salah)
 Artinya: “Peningkatan aktivitas enzim TOR di otak dapat menyebabkan
penyakit kardiovaskular.” Opsi C salah karena tidak sesuai dengan
informasi dalam teks.

Opsi D (BENAR)

Artinya: “Jumlah enzim TOR yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan

penyakit neurodegeneratif.” Opsi D benar karenas sesuai dengan
informasi dalam teks.

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya: “Alzheimer dan penyakit lain dapat menstimulasi produksi

enzim TOR.” Opsi E salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam
teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 20.
Soal Cheetahs are a species of cat best known for being the fastest land animal, with the ability
to sprint at speeds of up to 120 kilometers per hour (75 miles per hour) and accelerate to 97
kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour) in as little as three seconds, making them faster than
most sports cars. Cheetahs use their acceleration and speed to chase down and catch prey,
like gazelles, on the sub-Saharan savannas where many of them live. Cheetahs have small
heads, lean bodies, long legs, and a yellowish-tan coat with distinctive black spots.

Cheetahs face extinction pressure from climate change, hunting by humans, and habitat
destruction, which is reducing the size of their populations. Cheetahs' own genes also pose a
challenge to their continued survival. Cheetahs have a low rate of reproductive success,
meaning that as a species they are not always able to reproduce. With fewer offspring, the
population can neither grow nor adapt to changes in the environment.

There are various theories concerning cheetah evolution, including a popular one holding
that cheetahs descended from the same ancestor as the American puma. About 10,000 to
12,000 years ago, around the end of the last ice age, an extinction event took place that
wiped out many large mammal species around the world, including the wild cheetahs of
North America and Europe. The extinction of these early cheetah species left only the Asian
and African populations of cheetahs. Since then, they have faced pressure from climate
change, habitat loss, and human activities. At the turn of the 19th century, more than
100,000 cheetahs are estimated to have been living in Africa, the Middle East, and
elsewhere in Asia. Today, cheetahs are found in the wild in several locations in Africa, and a
tiny population of another subspecies, the Asiatic cheetah, is found in Iran. Scientists
estimate that fewer than 8,000 African cheetahs are living in the wild today and that there
may be fewer than 50 Asian cheetahs left in the world. These data reflect an overall decline
of about 50 percent in the last four decades, as well as a significant shrinkage in the historic
range of the species.

source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/cheetahs-brink-extinction-again

According to the text, which of the following is NOT the cause of cheetah extinction?

A. Its genetic traits

B. Loss of natural habitat

C. Its slow-moving evolution

D. Animal hunting by human

E. Change in the global climate

Pembahasan Jawaban: C. Its slow-moving evolution

Pembahasan:

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan teks, manakah dari berikut ini yang BUKAN
penyebab kepunahan cheetah?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang penyebab kepunahan
cheetah. Dapat ditemukan bahwa pembahasan tentang hal tersebut ada di
paragraf 2, tepatnya pada kalimat 1-2 berikut:

“Cheetahs face extinction pressure from climate change, hunting by

humans, and habitat destruction, which is reducing the size of their
populations. Cheetahs' own genes also pose a challenge to their
continued survival.”

Artinya:
 “Cheetah menghadapi tekanan kepunahan karena perubahan iklim,
perburuan oleh manusia, kerusakan habitat dan gen cheetah.”

Dari teks ditemukan bahwa alasan kepunahan cheetah adalah 1)

perubahan iklim, 2) perburuan oleh manusia, 3) kerusakan habitan, dan 4)
gen.

Opsi A (Salah)

Artinya: “Sifat genetik”. Opsi A salah karena merupakan alasan

kepunahan cheetah yang sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi B (Salah)

Artinya: “Kehilangan habitat asli”. Opsi B salah karena merupakan

alasan kepunahan cheetah yang sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi C (BENAR)

Artinya: Evolusi cheetah yang lambat”. Opsi C benar karena merupakan

alasan kepunahan cheetah yang tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi D (Salah)

Artinya: “Perburuan hewan oleh manusia”. Opsi D salah karena

merupakan alasan kepunahan cheetah yang sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya: “Perubahan dalam iklim global”. Opsi E salah karena

merupakan alasan kepunahan cheetah yang sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 21.

Soal The physiological processes associated with an acute psychological stress response
produce changes in human breath and sweat that dogs can detect with an accuracy of
93.75%, according to a new study published this week in the open-access journal PLOS
ONE by Clara Wilson of Queen's University Belfast, UK, and colleagues.

Odors emitted by the body constitute chemical signals that have evolved for
communication, primarily within species. Given dogs' remarkable sense of smell, their close
domestication history with humans, and their use to support human psychological
conditions such as anxiety, panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
researchers wondered whether dogs could be sensing chemical signals to respond to their
owners' psychological states.

In the new study, the researchers collected samples of breath and sweat from non-smokers
who had not recently eaten or drank. Samples were collected both before and after a fast-
paced arithmetic task, along with self-reported stress levels and objective physiological
measures: heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP).

Samples from 36 participants who reported an increase in stress because of the task, and
experienced an increase in HR and BP during the task, were shown to trained dogs within
three hours of being collected. Four dogs of different breeds and breed-mixes had been
 trained, using a clicker as well as kibble, to match odors in a discrimination task. At testing,
dogs were asked to find the participant's stress sample (taken at the end of the task) while
the same person's relaxed sample (taken only minutes before, prior to the task starting) was
also in the sample line-up.

Overall, dogs could detect and perform their alert behavior on the sample taken during
stress in 675 out of 720 trials, or 93.75% of the time, much greater than expected by chance
(p<0.001). The first time they were exposed to a participant's stressed and relaxed samples,
the dogs correctly alerted to the stress sample 94.44% of the time. Individual dogs ranged in
performance from 90% to 96.88% accuracy.

The researchers conclude that dogs can detect an odor associated with the change in
Volatile Organic Compounds produced by humans in response to stress, a finding that tells
us more about the human-dog relationship and could have applications to the training of
anxiety and PTSD service dogs that are currently trained to respond predominantly to visual
cues.

source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/09/220929133419.htm

How could the result of this study be applied in relation to service dog use?

A. It may provide visual cues for trained service dogs

B. It may develop olfactory cues training for service dogs

C. It may strengthen the human-dog relationship

D. It could train dog to detect anxiety and PTSD

E. It could apply the visual signals in dog training

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. It may develop olfactory cues training for service dogs

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Bagaimana hasil penelitian ini dapat diterapkan dalam

kaitannya dengan penggunaan anjing pemandu?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang pengaplikasian hasil
penelitan. Adapun hal tersebut dibahas dalam paragraf 6 sebagai berikut:

“The researchers conclude that dogs can detect an odor associated with
the change in Volatile Organic Compounds produced by humans in
response to stress, a finding that tells us more about the human-dog
relationship and could have applications to the training of anxiety and
PTSD service dogs that are currently trained to respond predominantly to
visual cues.”

Artinya:

“Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa anjing dapat mendeteksi bau yang terkait

dengan perubahan Senyawa Organik Volatil yang diproduksi oleh
manusia sebagai respons terhadap stres, sebuah temuan yang memberi
tahu kita lebih banyak tentang hubungan manusia-anjing dan dapat
diterapkan pada pelatihan anjing pemandu untuk orang yang mengalami
gangguan kecemasan dan PTSD yang saat ini secara dominan dilatih
untuk merespons sinyal-sinyal visual.”
 Dari kalimat tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa temuan ini dapat
diaplikasikan dalam pelatihan anjing pemandu yang sebelumnya biasa
mendeteksi sinyal-sinyal visual, untuk juga bisa mendekteksi sinyal-
sinyal bau dari orang-orang yang mengalami gangguan kecemasan dan
PTSD.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “Hal ini dapat memberikan isyarat visual untuk anjing pemandu
terlatih.” Opsi A salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi B (BENAR)

Artinya: “Hal ini dapat mengembangkan pelatihan sinyal penciuman

untuk anjing pemandu.” Opsi B benar karena sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “Hal ini dapat memperkuat hubungan manusia-anjing.” Opsi C

salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: “Hal ini dapat melatih anjing untuk mendeteksi kecemasan dan
PTSD.” Opsi D salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya: “Hal ini dapat menerapkan sinyal visual dalam pelatihan

anjing.” Opsi E salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 22.

Soal Calorie-restricted diets have been shown to increase the lifespan and health span of
everything from yeast to monkeys – as long as there is no malnutrition. And while no long-
term studies have proven the benefits of calorie restriction on human lifespan, shorter-term
studies suggest that it does improve health. Here’s how it might work.

Our bodies monitor and sense the amount of nutrients available through specific
molecules in our cells. Depending on the amount of food we eat, these molecules tweak our
metabolism to regulate how we use the available nutrients. One of these molecules is an
enzyme called TOR. When there is a lot of food, the TOR enzyme instructs cells in the body
to grow. If there is less food, TOR instructs the body to be on alert - a state that scientists
refer to as a “mild stress response”.

Many experiments have shown that when animals eat a lot of food, especially for
prolonged periods, TOR senses this and their lifespan becomes shorter. But do all foods
have this effect on TOR? TOR enzyme is especially activated when cells sense large
amounts of amino acids (the building blocks of protein) or protein. A protein-restricted diet,
without malnutrition, can have the same effects on the metabolism and lifespan of lab
animals as a calorie-restricted diet.

Age-related diseases are known to be caused by genetic mutations, but could there be a
connection between TOR, nutrition and diseases of old age? We know that nutrition is
 associated with cancer and heart disease, and overactive TOR is known to be involved in
these diseases, but recent studies show that TOR is also directly related to
neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the activity of the TOR enzyme in the brains of
people with Alzheimer’s is much higher compared with healthy brains. Also, simulating
these diseases in mice and other lab animals has shown that removing excess TOR stops
brain cells dying.

So, there may be a link between what we eat, how it is sensed by our body and the risk of
neurodegenerative disease. Scientists are exploring different possibilities to prevent
neurodegeneration. If more protein means more active TOR, we could either modify our
diet, safely, or develop a drug that tricks our body into thinking it is getting less protein.

source: https://theconversation.com/tor-an-enzyme-that-could-hold-the-secret-to-longevity-
and-healthy-ageing-118568

According to the text, what is the role of TOR enzyme?

A. It alters nutrition regulation and human metabolism

B. It monitors available nutrients and digests them

C. It produces cells and activate mild stress response

D. It control body molecules and prolonged lifespan

E. It detects food intake and regulates cell growth

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. It detects food intake and regulates cell growth

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan teks, apa peran dari enzim TOR?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang enzim TOR, terutama fungsi
atau perannya dalam tubuh manusia. Adapun hal tersebut dibahas dalam
paragaf 2, Kalimat 3-5 berikut:

“One of these molecules is an enzyme called TOR. When there is a lot of

food, the TOR enzyme instructs cells in the body to grow. If there is less
food, TOR instructs the body to be on alert - a state that scientists refer to
as a “mild stress response”.”

Artinya:

“Salah satu molekul ini adalah enzim yang disebut TOR. Ketika ada
banyak makanan, enzim TOR menginstruksikan sel-sel dalam tubuh
untuk tumbuh. Jika ada lebih sedikit makanan, TOR menginstruksikan
tubuh untuk waspada - keadaan yang oleh para ilmuwan disebut sebagai
"respon stres ringan".”

Dari kalimat tersebut dijelaskan bahwa TOR berfungsi untuk mendeteksi

asupan makanan yang masuk dan mengatur pertumbuhan sel dalam
tubuh.

Opsi A (salah)
 Artinya: “TOR mengubah pengaturan nutrisi dan metabolism manusia.”
Opsi A salah karena tidak sesuai informasi dalam teks.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “TOR memantau nutrisi yang tersedia dan mencernanya.” Opsi

B salah karena tidak sesuai informasi dalam teks.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “TOR menghasilkan sel dan mengaktifkan respons stres ringan.”

Opsi C salah karena tidak sesuai informasi dalam teks.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: “TOR mengontrol molekul tubuh dan memperpanjang umur.”

Opsi D salah karena tidak sesuai informasi dalam teks.

Opsi E (BENAR)

Artinya: “TOR Mendeteksi asupan makanan dan mengatur pertumbuhan

sel.” Opsi E benar karena sesuai informasi dalam teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 23.

Soal The sun is the closest star to Earth. Even at a distance of 150 million
kilometers (93 million miles), its gravitational pull holds the planet in orbit. It
radiates light and heat, or solar energy, which makes it possible for life to exist
on Earth.

Plants need sunlight to grow. Animals, including humans, need plants for food
and the oxygen they produce. Without heat from the sun, Earth would freeze.
There would be no winds, ocean currents, or clouds to transport water.

Solar energy has existed as long as the sun—about 5 billion years. While
people have not been around that long, they have been using solar energy in a
variety of ways for thousands of years. Solar energy is essential to agriculture—
cultivating land, producing crops, and raising livestock. Developed about 10,000
years ago, agriculture had a key role in the rise of civilization. Solar techniques,
such as crop rotation, increased harvests. Drying food using sun and wind
prevented crops from spoiling. This surplus of food allowed for denser
populations and structured societies.

Early civilizations around the world positioned buildings to face south to

gather heat and light. They used windows and skylights for the same reason, as
well as to allow for air circulation. These are elements of solar architecture.
Other aspects include using selective shading and choosing building materials
with thermal mass, meaning they store heat, such as stone and concrete.
Today, computer programs make applications easier and more precise.

The greenhouse is another early solar development. By converting sunlight to

heat, greenhouses make it possible to grow plants out of season and in
climates that may not be suited for them. One of the earliest greenhouses dates
to 30 CE, before glass was even invented. Constructed from translucent sheets
of mica, a thin mineral, it was built for the Roman emperor Tiberius, who wanted
to be able to eat cucumbers all year. The general technique is the same today,
 although there have been many improvements to increase the variety and
amount of crops grown.

source: education.nationalgeographic.org

According to the passage, what is the function of greenhouses?

A. to provide cucumber crops all year

B. to advance the solar development

C. to transform sunlight into crops

D. to adapt Roman farming method

E. to cultivate plants in off-seaso

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. to cultivate plants in off-season

Pembahasan:

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan teks, apa fungsi rumah kaca?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang fungsi rumah kaca. Adapun
hal tersebut dibahas dalam paragraf 5, Kalimat 2 berikut:

“By converting sunlight to heat, greenhouses make it possible to grow

plants out of season and in climates that may not be suited for them.”

Artinya:

“Dengan mengubah sinar matahari menjadi panas, rumah kaca

memungkinkan untuk menumbuhkan tanaman di luar musim dan di iklim
yang mungkin tidak cocok untuk mereka.”

Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa fungsi rumah kaca adalah untuk

menumbuhkan tanaman diluar musim tanaman tersebut biasa tumbuh.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “untuk menyediakan mentimun sepanjang tahun.” Opsi A salah

karena bukan merupakan fungsi rumah kaca yang disebutkan dalam teks.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “untuk memajukan perkembangan matahari.” Opsi B salah

karena bukan merupakan fungsi rumah kaca yang disebutkan dalam teks.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “untuk mengubah sinar matahari menjadi tanaman.” Opsi C

salah karena bukan merupakan fungsi rumah kaca yang disebutkan dalam
teks.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: “untuk mengadaptasi metode pertanian romawi.” Opsi D salah

karena bukan merupakan fungsi rumah kaca yang disebutkan dalam teks.

Opsi E (BENAR)
 Artinya: “untuk membudidayakan tanaman diluar musimnya.” Opsi E
benar karena merupakan fungsi rumah kaca yang disebutkan dalam teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 24.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

(1) It is common knowledge that as women get older, pregnancy becomes a riskier
enterprise. Advanced maternal age is linked to a number of developmental disorders in
children, such as down's syndrome. Now, a study has confirmed that older mothers are more
likely to give birth to a child with autism, too. the authors of the epidemiological study,
published on February 8 in autism research, examined the parental age of more than 12.000
children with autism and nearly five million "control" children between 1990 and 1999, all
living in California. the researchers found that mother over 40 had a 51 percent higher risk
of having a child with autism than mother 25 to 29, and a 77 percent higher risk than
mothers under 25.

(2) Autism a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and

communication appears to be on the rise. The U.S. Center for Disease Control and
Prevention now estimates that as many as one in 110 children in the U.S. Has an autistic
spectrum disorder a group of developmental disorders including autism, Asperger's
syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. The prevalence of autistic spectrum
disorders in California in 2007 was 12 times that from 1987, representing in average annual
growth of 13 percent, according to a report from the California Department of
Developmental Services. Only a fraction of these extra cases can be explained by changes
to diagnostic criteria and earlier diagnoses.

(3) Maternal age is also increasing in the U.S.A. California-based study reported a three-
fold increase in the number of births to woman ages 40 to 44 between 1982 and 2004. But
this trend toward delayed childbearing accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase
in autism diagnose in California over the decade. According to the study a finding that
surprised Janie Shelton, a doctoral student in University of California Davis's Department of
Public Health Sciences and the study's lead author. "I would have expected to see more of a
contribution, because age is a risk factor and woman are having kids later," she says. Earlier
work had suggested that both maternal and paternal ages are independently associated with
autism risk. But the current study found that paternal age is only a risk factor when the
mother is under 30.

Which of the following according to the text is implied about autism in children?

A. It is genetically transmitted

B. It makes children antisocial

C. It is getting more infectious

D. It was among Californian children

E. It was not detected until recently

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. It makes children antisocial

Pembahasan:

Dari kutipan pada paragraf 2 baris 1 Autism a developmental disorder

characterized by impaired social interaction.: (impaired social interaction
= lemahnya interaksi sosial), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa autisme
membuat anak anti sosial. Jawaban yang tepat adalah opsi B.
 - Opsi A salah, karena autisme bukan ditularkan secara genetik melaikan
karena faktor ibu yang lebih tua lebih memungkinkan melahirkan anak
autis juga.

- Opsi C salah, karena tidak ada penularan yang dijelaskan pada teks
tersebut melainkan pencegahan dan himbauan agar seorang ibu tidak
melahirkan anak dengan usia yang lebih tua.

- Opsi D salah, karena fakta bukan yang menginterpretasikan atau

mendefinisikan pengertian dari anak autisme.

- Opsi E salah, karena sudah terdeteksi penyebab dari anak autisme

tersebut.

Materi Reading

Nomor 25.

Soal (1) If droughts, floods and wildfires are the criminal, climate change is the accomplice.
This is how the population must begin regarding global warming, experts said at a session at
the annual American Academy for the Advancement of Science meeting here. Although
extreme weather events, from the creeping drought that scorched last years' corn crop to
Superrstorm Sandy, are worrisome, automatically and simplistically tying them to the
scientific phenomenon of climate change could be misleading.

(2) Last year's drought in Texas, for example, could not be specifically tied to eliminate
change, said John Nielsen-Gammon, the Lone star State's climatologist. Over the past
century there has been an increase in rainfall -not a tendency toward dryness over most of
Texas by about 10 percent. "Changing climate has not contributed to the lack of rainfall
over the long term, as of yet," he said. Last year's drought much like the famed Dust Bowl
drought of the 1930s and another significant drought in the 1950s, is tied to rising sea
surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean the weather event known as la Nina. "Until we
see a long-term decrease in rainfall in Texas, it will be hard to say that climate change has
caused a decrease," Nielsen-Gammon said.

(3) Temperatures have rind in Texas, meaning the increased rainfall is being evaporated at
a more rapid rate, he added. But for the drought, which continues to seize more than half of
the lower 48 states, het was a drought accelerant but not the main cause.

Adapted from www.scintificamerican.com.

Paragraphs 1 and 2 are related in that they...

A. Predict climate changes causal to the lack of rainfall

B. Offer horrible climate changes to temperature increases

C. Discuss droughts which have no link to climate changes

D. Present extreme weather events which frequently turn up

E. Explicate that people have been wrong on climate changes

Pembahasan Jawaban : C. Discuss droughts which have no link to climate changes

Pembahasan :

Paragraf pertama baris ke -3 menyebutkan 'Although extreme weather

events, from the creeping drought....are worrisome, automatically and
simplistically tying them to.....climate change could be misleading"
(Meskipun peristiwa cuaca ekstrem, dari kekeringan yang
 menjalar....mengkhawatirkan, secara otomatis dan sederhana
mengikatnya ke.....perubahan iklim bisa menyesatkan). Paragraf kedua
baris ke-1 disebutkan ... drought in Texas...could not be specifically tied
to climate change (kekeringan di Texas... tidak dapat dikaitkan secara
khusus dengan perubahan iklim). Jadi kedua paragraf tersebut saling
berkaitan dalam hal ketidak terkaitan kekeringan dengan perubahan
iklim.

- Opsi A salah, karena teks paragraf ke satu dan ke dua tidak memprediksi
perubahasan iklim yang menyebabkan kurangnya curah hujan.

- Opsi B salah, karena perubahan iklim hanya dijelaskan pada paaragraf

ke satu, sedangkan soal tersebut menanyakan keterkaitan antara paragraf
satu dan dua.

- Opsi D salah, karena kedua paragraf tersebut tidak menghadirkan

kejadian cuaca ekstrim yang sering muncul.

- Opsi E salah, karena tidak sesuai dengan isi teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 26.

Soal Wind energy is produced by the movement of air and converted into power for human use.
Wind has been used as a source of energy for more than a thousand years, but was replaced
by fossil fuels for much of the 20th century. Today, wind is making a comeback as a source
of electricity and power.

Wind energy is produced with wind turbines—tall, tubular towers with blades rotating at
the top. When the wind turns the blades, the blades turn a generator and create electricity.
Wind turbines can have a horizontal or vertical axis. The turbines do not actually produce
wind energy. The blades turn, convert the energy of wind into rotational energy, a form of
mechanical energy, and this energy is in turn converted into electrical energy.

Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are the most familiar type of electricity-
producing windmill. Most have three large blades that spin parallel to their towers, where
the main rotor and generator are located. Most HAWT arrays are painted white, to promote
visibility to low-flying aircraft. This type of turbines can be much bigger than their vertical
counterparts.

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have varied, unusually shaped blades that rotate in
complete circles around their tower. The main rotor and generator are located near the
ground, making maintenance easier and less expensive. VAWTs do not have to be upwind to
generate electricity. Vertical-axis wind turbines can be much smaller than their horizontal
counterparts. Standing only 5 meters (15 feet) tall, these VAWTs can be installed on the
roofs of buildings.

Turbines cannot operate at every wind speed. If winds are too strong, they can be
damaged. Therefore, the turbine has an automatic controller that turns on when winds are
blowing at prime speed for generating electricity. This speed is usually 13 to 90 kilometers
per hour (8 to 55 miles per hour). If the winds become stronger than that, the controller
turns the turbine off.

source: education.nationalgeographic.org

According to the passage, what differentiate the HAWT and VAWT turbines?

A. Their prices

B. Their structures

C. Their functions
 D. Their sound pollution

E. Their energy outcomes

Pembahasan Jawabann: B. Their structure

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan teks, apa yang membedakan turbin HAWT dan
VAWT?

Untuk menjawab soal ini kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang turbin HAWT dan VAWT
serta perbedaanya. Adapun hal tersebut dibahas dalam paragraf 3-4
berikut:

“Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are the most familiar type of

electricity-producing windmill. Most have three large blades that spin
parallel to their towers, where the main rotor and generator are located.
Most HAWT arrays are painted white, to promote visibility to low-flying
aircraft. This type of turbines can be much bigger than their vertical
counterparts.

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have varied, unusually shaped

blades that rotate in complete circles around their tower. The main rotor
and generator are located near the ground, making maintenance easier
and less expensive. VAWTs do not have to be upwind to generate
electricity. Vertical-axis wind turbines can be much smaller than their
horizontal counterparts. Standing only 5 meters (15 feet) tall, these
VAWTs can be installed on the roofs of buildings.”

Artinya:

“Turbin angin sumbu horizontal (HAWT) adalah jenis kincir angin

penghasil listrik yang paling dikenal. Sebagian besar memiliki tiga kincir
besar yang berputar sejajar dengan menaranya, tempat rotor utama dan
generator berada. Sebagian besar susunan HAWT dicat putih, untuk
meningkatkan visibilitas untuk pesawat yang terbang rendah. Jenis turbin
ini jauh lebih besar daripada turbin vertikal.

Turbin angin sumbu vertikal (VAWT) memiliki kincir yang beragam,

berbentuk tidak biasa yang berputar dalam lingkaran penuh di sekitar
menaranya. Rotor utama dan generator terletak di dekat tanah, membuat
perawatannya lebih mudah dan lebih murah. VAWT tidak harus melawan
arah angin untuk menghasilkan listrik. Turbin angin sumbu vertikal jauh
lebih kecil daripada turbin angin horizontal. Dengan tinggi hanya 5 meter
(15 kaki), VAWT dapat dipasang di atap bangunan.”

Dari paragraf tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan antara turbin

VAWT dan HAWT yang disebutkan adalah dalam segi struktur atau
bentuknya.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: Harga. Opsi A salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam
teks.

Opsi B (BENAR)

Artinya: Struktur. Opsi B benar karena sesuai dengan informasi dalam

teks.

Opsi C (salah)
 Artinya: Fungsi. Opsi C salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: Polusi suara. Opsi D salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya: Hasil energi. Opsi E salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi
dalam teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 27.

Soal There are major gaps in how food waste in tourism is understood and calculated,
according to researchers at the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Southern
California. Food waste originating from hotels, restaurants and events is recognized and can
be estimated and calculated, but as the tourism industry is becoming more and more diverse,
so are the sources of its food waste. According to the researchers, a focus on preventing
food waste only in the traditional food service and accommodation establishments ignores
the reality of growing tourist households and will stifle sustainability efforts.

Food waste is a major issue globally, and it has also been identified as the most prominent
type of hospitality waste. Annually, roughly 1.3 billion tons of food is lost or goes to waste,
which is equivalent to one third or even up to one half of all food intended for human
consumption. Food waste is a major environmental, social and economic issue.

Indeed, the tourism industry is facing ever-growing economical, societal and legislative
reasons to address food waste. Today's tourism is not limited to package travel and hotel
stays, thanks to the emergence of alternatives such as camping, couch surfing, AirBnB,
staying at friends' and relatives' homes or travelling across the country in a recreational
vehicle, for example. Food waste is created in all these tourist households, but very little
research into the topic has been carried out so far. Yet, there is a need to mitigate food waste
from these sources as well.

"We can already see that there are savvy players in the tourism industry who have
succeeded in reducing their food waste and have even managed to turn that into an asset.
Yet, it is not enough for only the traditional food service and accommodation establishments
to reduce their food waste, we need to get all tourist households on board. As the tourism
sector changes, research into food waste and sustainability becomes ever more important,"
Research Manager Juho Pesonen from the University of Eastern Finland says.

According to the researchers, comprehensive reduction of food waste requires that its
sources and amounts are identified and that its disposal by tourist households is addressed.
In addition, there is a need to study the drivers of tourist household food waste and barriers
to its reduction.

source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191101100142.htm

According to the text, what should be improved in order to deal with the expanding tourism
sector?

A. Establishment of alternate accommodations for tourists

B. Research on the origins of local and tourist food waste

 C. The development of additional tourists lodging options

D. Food waste reduction in unconventional tourist lodging

E. Minimizing the tourism industry impact on environment

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. Food waste reduction in unconventional tourist lodging

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan teks, apa yang harus ditingkatkan untuk

menghadapi sector pariwisata yang berkembang?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian teks yang membahas tentang berkembangnya industri
pariwisata dan hal yang harus dilakukan untuk menghadapinya. Adapun
hal tersebut dibahas dalam paragaf 3 berikut:

“Indeed, the tourism industry is facing ever-growing economical, societal

and legislative reasons to address food waste. Today's tourism is not
limited to package travel and hotel stays, thanks to the emergence of
alternatives such as camping, couch surfing, AirBnB, staying at friends'
and relatives' homes or travelling across the country in a recreational
vehicle, for example. Food waste is created in all these tourist
households, but very little research into the topic has been carried out so
far. Yet, there is a need to mitigate food waste from these sources as
well.”

Artinya:

“Memang, industri pariwisata menghadapi alasan ekonomi, sosial dan

legislatif yang terus berkembang untuk mengatasi limbah makanan.
Pariwisata saat ini tidak terbatas pada paket perjalanan dan menginap di
hotel, berkat munculnya berbagai alternatif contohnya seperti berkemah,
selancar sofa, AirBnB, menginap di rumah teman dan kerabat atau
bepergian ke luar negeri dengan kendaraan rekreasi. Limbah makanan
dihasilkan di semua tempat turis ini, tetapi sejauh ini sangat sedikit
penelitian tentang topik tersebut. Maka, ada tuntutan untuk mengurangi
limbah makanan dari sumber-sumber ini juga.”

Maka, dapat disimpulkan dari paragraf tersebut aspek yang harus

ditingkatkan seiring dengan berkembangnya industri pariwisata adalah
aspek pengelolaan dan pengurangan limbah makanan terutama pada
sumber-sumber alternative tempat turis non-konvensional.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “Pembuatan akomodasi alternative bagi wisatawan.” Opsi A

salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “Penelitian tentang asal-usul sampah makanan lokal dan turis.”

Opsi B salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi C (salah)
 Artinya: “Pengembangan pilihan penginapan wisata tambahan.” Opsi C
salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi D (BENAR)

Artinya: “Pengurangan limbah makanan di penginapan turis yang tidak

konvensional.” Opsi D benar karena sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya: “Meminimalkan dampak industri pariwisata terhadap

lingkungan.” Opsi E salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam
teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 28.

Soal A glacier is a huge mass of ice that moves slowly over land. The term “glacier” comes
from the French word glace (glah-SAY), which means ice. Glaciers are often called “rivers
of ice.” Glaciers fall into two groups: alpine glaciers and ice sheets.

Alpine glaciers form on mountainsides and move downward through valleys. Sometimes,
alpine glaciers create or deepen valleys by pushing dirt, soil, and other materials out of their
way. Alpine glaciers are found in high mountains of every continent except Australia
(although there are many in New Zealand). The Gorner Glacier in Switzerland and the
Furtwangler Glacier in Tanzania are both typical alpine glaciers. Alpine glaciers are also
called valley glaciers or mountain glaciers.

Ice sheets, unlike alpine glaciers, are not limited to mountainous areas. They form broad
domes and spread out from their centers in all directions. As ice sheets spread, they cover
everything around them with a thick blanket of ice, including valleys, plains, and even
entire mountains. The largest ice sheets, called continental glaciers, spread over vast areas.
Today, continental glaciers cover most of Antarctica and the island of Greenland.

Massive ice sheets covered much of North America and Europe during the Pleistocene
time period. This was the last glacial period, also known as the Ice Age. Ice sheets reached
their greatest size about 18,000 years ago. As the ancient glaciers spread, they carved and
changed the Earth’s surface, creating many of the landscapes that exist today. During the
Pleistocene Ice Age, nearly one-third of the Earth’s land was covered by glaciers. Today,
about one-tenth of the Earth’s land is covered by glacial ice.

Glaciers begin forming in places where more snow piles up each year than melts. Soon
after falling, the snow begins to compress, or become denser and tightly packed. It slowly
changes from light, fluffy crystals to hard, round ice pellets. New snow falls and buries this
granular snow. The hard snow becomes even more compressed. It becomes a dense, grainy
ice called firn. The process of snow compacting into glacial firn is called firnification.

source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/glacier-moving-rivers-ice

According to the passage, where are glacier typically found?

A. Where there are mountains

B. Where less living creatures live

C. Where more snow melts than freezes

 D. Where the temperature is constantly low

E. Where snowfall accumulates faster than melts

Pembahasan Arti soal: “Berdasarakan teks, dimana gletser biasanya

ditemukan?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tempat biasanya gletser
terbentuk atau ditemukan. Adapun hal tersebut dibahas dalam
paragraf 5, kalimat 1 berikut:

“Glaciers begin forming in places where more snow piles up

each year than melts.”

Artinya:

“Gletser mulai terbentuk di tempat-tempat dimana lebih banyak

salju yang menumpuk setiap tahunnya daripada mencair.”

Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gletser biasanya ditemukan di

tempat-tempat dimana salju yang turun menumpuk lebih cepat
dari pada mencair.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “Dimana terdapat pegunungan.” Opsi A salah karena

tidak sesuai informasi dalam bacaan.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “Dimana lebih sedikit makhluk hidup tinggal.” Opsi B

salah karena tidak sesuai informasi dalam bacaan.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “Dimana lebih banyak salju yang mencair daripada

membeku.” Opsi C salah karena tidak sesuai informasi dalam
bacaan.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: “Dimana suhu selalu rendah.” Opsi D salah karena

tidak sesuai informasi dalam bacaan.

Opsi E (BENAR)

Artinya: “Dimana hujan saldu lebih cepat menumpuk daripada

mencair”. Opsi E benar karena sesuai dengan informasi dalam
teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 29.
Soal Put simply, globalization is the connection of different parts of the world. In economics,
globalization can be defined as the process in which businesses, organizations, and
countries begin operating on an international scale. Globalization is most often used in an
economic context, but it also affects and is affected by politics and culture. In general,
globalization has been shown to increase the standard of living in developing countries, but
some analysts warn that globalization can have a negative effect on local or emerging
economies and individual workers.

Globalization is not new. Since the start of civilization, people have traded goods with
their neighbors. As cultures advanced, they were able to travel farther afield to trade their
own goods for desirable products found elsewhere. The Silk Road, an ancient network of
trade routes used between Europe, North Africa, East Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and
the Far East, is an example of early globalization. For more than 1,500 years, Europeans
traded glass and manufactured goods for Chinese silk and spices, contributing to a global
economy in which both Europe and Asia became accustomed to goods from far away.

Following the European exploration of the New World, globalization occurred on a grand
scale; the widespread transfer of plants, animals, foods, and ideas became known as the
Columbian Exchange. The Triangular Trade network in which ships carried manufactured
goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and raw materials back to
Europe is another example of globalization. The resulting spread of slavery demonstrates
that globalization can hurt people just as easily as it can connect people.

Not everything about globalization is beneficial. Any change has winners and losers, and
the people living in communities that had been dependent on jobs outsourced elsewhere
often suffer. Effectively, this means that workers in the developed world must compete with
lower-cost markets for jobs; unions and workers may be unable to defend against the threat
of corporations that offer the alternative between lower pay or losing jobs to a supplier in a
less expensive labor market.

source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/effects-economic-globalization

Which of the following is NOT an impact of European exploration’s on globalization?

A. The transmission of various types of goods through the use of ships

B. Cultural interaction among Europeans, Africans, and Americans

C. Africa-Europe trade in factory-made goods and raw materials

D. The practice of enslaving Africans by white Americans

E. The process of globalization took place on a massive scale

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. Cultural interaction among Europeans, Africans, and

Americans

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Manakah dari berikut ini yang BUKAN merupakan dampak
penjelajahab bangsa Eropa terhadap globalisasi?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita harus membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang dampak penjelajahan Eropa
terhadap globalisasi. Adapun hal tersebut dibahas dalam paragaf 3,
Kalimat 1-2 berikut:

“Following the European exploration of the New World, globalization

occurred on a grand scale; the widespread transfer of plants, animals,
 foods, and ideas became known as the Columbian Exchange. The
Triangular Trade network in which ships carried manufactured goods
from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and raw
materials back to Europe is another example of globalization. “

Artinya:

“Setelah penjelajahan Eropa di Dunia Baru, globalisasi terjadi dalam

skala besar; Penyebaran secara luas untuk tanaman, hewan, makanan, dan
gagasan dikenal sebagai Pertukaran Kolombia. Jaringan Perdagangan
Segitiga di mana kapal membawa barang-barang pabrik dari Eropa ke
Afrika, memperbudak orang Afrika ke Amerika, dan bahan mentah
dibawa ke Eropa adalah contoh lain dari globalisasi.”

Selanjutnya, kita perlu menemukan mana dari opsi A sampai E yang

BUKAN merupakan dampak yang sesuai dengan isi teks.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “Pengiriman berbagai jenis barang melalui kapal.” Opsi A salah

karena merupakan dampak yang sesuai dengan isi teks.

Opsi B (BENAR)

Artinya: “Interaksi Budaya antara orang Eropa, Afrika, dan Amerika.”

Opsi B benar karena merupakan dampak yang tidak sesuai dengan isi
teks.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “Perdagangan Afrika-Eropa dalam barang buatan pabrik dan

bahan baku.” Opsi C salah karena merupakan dampak yang sesuai
dengan isi teks.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: “Praktek memperbudak orang Afrika oleh orang kulit putih

Amerika.” Opsi D salah karena merupakan dampak yang sesuai dengan
isi teks.

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya: “Proses globalisasi terjadi secara besar-besaran.” Opsi E salah

karena merupakan dampak yang sesuai dengan isi teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 30.

Soal The average internet user spends nearly three hours a day using social media. It's clear
that social media is becoming increasingly crucial to sharing important information with the
public -- like how to stay safe from COVID-19, for example -- and researchers want to
know what makes a piece of media compelling enough for people to share it online.

A new study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Generalled by

University of Pennsylvania researchers Danielle Cosme and Emily Falk analyzed the
behavior of more than 3,000 individuals to explore the psychology behind sharing
 information online. It turns out that the answer is quite straightforward: People share
information that they feel is meaningful to themselves or to the people they know. Cosme
and her team test what contributes to "value-based virality" -- essentially that information
on the internet can go viral because people find it inherently valuable, either to themselves
or to society.

This finding is key to crafting effective messaging for social causes, says Cosme, a
research director at the Annenberg School for Communication's Communication
Neuroscience Lab. Knowing the psychological ingredients that make a person share a post
on social media can help scientists share facts about climate change or public health
officials dispel myths about vaccines.

Cosme's research shows that people pay more attention to information they perceive to be
related to themselves. Similarly, humans are social beings and love to connect with each
other. Sharing information activates reward centers in our brain. And when we communicate
with others, we consider what the other person is thinking or wants to hear -- a quality
known as social relevance.

For Cosme's study, participants were exposed to articles and social media posts about
health, climate change, voting, and COVID-19. Some participants read headlines and
summaries of news articles, others looked at social media posts. All of the participants rated
how likely they were to share each message and how relevant they found each one to
themselves and to people they know.

source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220825164005.htm

According to the passage, why do people share information online?

A. Because they feel that the media is straightforward

B. Because they want others to know the knowledge

C. Because they want the information to be viral

D. Because they want to have meaningful conversation

E. Because they believe that the information is valuable

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. Because they believe that the information is valuable

Pembahasan:

Arti soal: “Berdasarkan teks, mengapa orang-orang membagikan

informasi secara online?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu membaca cepat teks untuk
menemukan bagian yang membahas tentang alasan orang-orang
membagikan informasi secara online. Adapun hal tersebut dibahas dalam
paragraf 2, kalimat 2 berikut:

“It turns out that the answer is quite straightforward: People share
information that they feel is meaningful to themselves or to the people
they know.”

Artinya:

“Ternyata jawabannya cukup sederhana: Orang-orang membagikan

informasi yang mereka rasakan berarti bagi diri mereka sendiri atau orang
yang mereka kenal.”
 Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “karena ingin orang lain mengetahui informasinya.” Opsi A

salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “karena mereka merasa media itu lugas/jujur.” Opsi B salah

karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “karena ingin informasinya viral.” Opsi C salah karena tidak

sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: “karena mereka ingin melakukan percakapan yang bermakna.”

Opsi D salah karena tidak sesuai dengan informasi dalam teks.

Opsi E (BENAR)

Artinya: “karena mereka percaya bahwa informasi itu

bermanfaat/berarti.” Opsi D benar karena sesuai dengan informasi dalam
teks.

Materi Reading

Nomor 31.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text

Healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or
depriving yourself of the foods you love. Rather, it is about feeling great, having more
energy, improving your outlook, and stabilizing your mood. If you feel overwhelmed by all
the conflicting nutrition and diet advice out there, you are not alone. It seems that for every
expert who tells you a certain food is good for you, you will find another saying exactly the
opposite. But by using these simple tips, you can cut through the confusion and learn how to
create a tasty, varied, and healthy diet that is as good for your mind as it is for your body.

We all know that eating right can help maintain a healthy weight and avoid certain health
problems, but your diet can also have a profound effect on your mood and sense of well
being. Studies have linked eating a typical western diet filled with processed meats,
packaged meals, takeout food, and sugary snacks - with higher rates of depression, stress,
bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Eating an unhealthy diet may even play a role in the
development of mental health disorder such as ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, and
schizophrenia, or in the increased risk of suicide in young people.

Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, cooking meals at home, and reducing your intake
of sugar and refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, may help to improve mood and lower
your risk for mental health problems. If you have already been diagnosed with a mental
health problem, eating well can even help to manage your symptoms and regain control of
your life.
 While some specific foods or nutrients have been shown to have a beneficial effect on
mood, it is your overall dietary pattern that is most important. That means switching to a
healthy diet does not have to be an all or nothing proposition. You do not have to be perfect,
and you do not have to completely eliminate foods you enjoy to have a healthy diet and
make a difference to the way you think and feel.

Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that a good diet will impact the body if ....

A. The dietary menu is under a nutrition expert control

B. The meals are home-cooked in traditional fashion

C. What is eaten equalizes the feeling of en- joying the food

D. A good selection of fruit and vegetable becomes the menu

E. Diet is losing controlled for minimizing distress and stress

Pembahasan Jawaban : C. What is eaten equalizes the feeling of en- joying the
food

Pembahasan :

Jadi makanan yang baik akan berdampak baik juga terhadap badan jika
apa yang dimakan setara dengan bagaimana kita menikmati makanan
(What is eaten equalizes the feeling of enjoying the food). Hal ini sesuai
dengan kutipan penulis di akhir paragaraf kalimat terakhir “You do not
have to be perfect, and you do not have to completely eliminate foods
you enjoy to have a healthy diet …”. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah
opsi C.

- Opsi A salah, karena menu diet berada dibawah kendali ahli gizi itu
mustahil, karena ketika kita ingin diet, kita lah yang akan mengatur
seluruh pola makan diet kita, jika kita dikendalikan oleh ahli gizi itu
tandanya kita kekurangan gizi didalam tubuh kita.

- Opsi B salah, karena tidak semua makanan gaya tradisional adalah

makanan sehat, ada juga bahan makanan yang dapat memicu kegemukan.
Dan hal ini pun tidak dipaparkan dalam teks tersebut.

- Opsi D salah, karena bukan hanya buah dan sayuran saja yang menjadi
pemicu diet yang sehat, mental dan apa yang kita nikmati juga sangat
berpengaruh terhadap tubuh kita.

- Opsi E salah, karena ini merupakan pernyataan yang salah, karena

meskipun kita diet kita juga harus memperhatikan tubuh kita jangan
sampai kehilangan kendali.

Materi Reading

Nomor 32.

Soal From toe length to handwriting and sleeping position, there have been countless studies
linking various features with specific personality traits. But these are of course just
associations between incidental features – which toe length we happen to have does not,
after all, shape who we are as individuals. For that, we need to look at the brain and its
complex anatomy. Now it has been discovered that there are striking structural differences
in the brains of people with different personality types. It is believed that the structural
changes – seen as variations in the thickness, area and folding of the brain – may result from
differences in development in early life.
 An international team of researchers published this study in Social Cognitive and
Affective Neuroscience. They analyzed the brains of over 500 healthy people aged 22 to 36
years. They evaluated personality traits using a questionnaire called the NEO five factor
inventory. By doing this, they were able to divide the participants into the so-called “big
five” personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and
conscientiousness.

It was found that neuroticism, a personality trait underlying mental illnesses such as
anxiety disorders, was linked to a thicker cortex (the brain’s outer layer of neural tissue) and
a smaller area and folding in some brain regions. Conversely, openness, a trait reflecting
curiosity and creativity, was associated to thinner cortex and greater area and folding in the
brain. The other personality traits were linked to other differences in brain structure, such as
agreeableness, which was correlated with a thinner prefrontal cortex (this area is involved in
tasks including processing empathy and other social skills).

This is the first time the big five personality traits have been clearly linked to differences
in brain thickness, area and folding in a large sample of healthy individuals. However, it
was previously found that the brains of teenagers with serious antisocial behavioral
problems differ significantly in structure to those of their peers who do not display such
disruptive behavior.

The relation between differences in brain structure and personality in healthy people
suggests that brain changes may be even more pronounced in people with mental illnesses.
Linking the brain structure to basic personality traits is a crucial step to improving our
understanding of mental disorders. In the future, it may even give us the opportunity to
detect those who are at high risk of developing mental illnesses early, which has obvious
implications for prompt intervention.

source: https://theconversation.com/what-your-brain-structure-says-about-your-personality-
71826

Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

A. Teenagers with personality disorder have significantly different structure of brain

compared to their peers

B. The big five personality traits have found that previously antisocial teenagers’ brains are
disruptive

C. In spite of the findings on variations in the brain structure of adolescents, the study on
five personality traits continues

D. Despite the new research approach, brain alterations in behaviorally challenged

teenagers have been previously found

E. Although the study has found that brain structure linked to personality traits, teenagers
still show behavioral problem

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. Despite the new research approach, brain alterations in

behaviorally challenged teenagers have been previously found

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Manakah dari berikut ini yang dapat disimpulkan dari paragraf
keempat?”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu untuk membaca dan memahami
paragraf 4 secara keseluruhan, berikut paragraf 4:

“This is the first time the big five personality traits have been clearly
linked to differences in brain thickness, area and folding in a large
sample of healthy individuals. However, it was previously found that the
brains of teenagers with serious antisocial behavioral problems differ
 significantly in structure to those of their peers who do not display such
disruptive behavior.”

Artinya:

“Penelitian ini adalah pertama kalinya lima besar jenis kepribadian secara
jelas dikaitkan dengan perbedaan ketebalan otak, luas dan lipatan untuk
sampel besar individu yang sehat. Namun, sebelumnya telah ditemukan
bahwa otak remaja yang memiliki masalah perilaku antisosial yang serius
memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal struktur otak dibandingkan
dengan rekan-rekan mereka yang tidak menunjukkan perilaku
mengganggu tersebut.”

Dari paragraf tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa, metode penelitian

yang menghubungkan hasil analisis lima besar jenis kepribadian dan
analisis struktur otak baru pertama kali digunakan, namun hasil penelitian
tentang adanya hubungan antara perbedaan dalam struktur otak dengan
gangguan kepribadian telah ditemukan sebelumnya dalam penelitian lain.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: “Remaja dengan gangguan kepribadian memiliki struktur otak

yang berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan teman sebayanya.”
Opsi A salah karena bukan merupakan kesimpulan yang tepat.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: “Lima besar jenis kepribadian telah menemukan bahwa otak

remaja yang sebelumnya antisosial mengganggu.” Opsi B salah karena
bukan merupakan kesimpulan yang tepat.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: “Terlepas dari temuan tentang variasi dalam struktur otak

remaja, studi tentang lima ciri kepribadian terus berlanjut.” Opsi C salah
karena bukan merupakan kesimpulan yang tepat.

Opsi D (BENAR)

Artinya: “Terlepas dari pendekatan penelitian yang baru, perubahan otak

pada remaja yang mengalami gangguan perilaku telah ditemukan
sebelumnya.” Opsi D benar karena merupakan kesimpulan yang tepat.

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya: “Meskipun penelitian telah menemukan bahwa struktur otak

terkait dengan ciri-ciri kepribadian, remaja masih menunjukkan masalah
perilaku.” Opsi E salah karena bukan merupakan kesimpulan yang tepat.

Materi Reading

Nomor 33.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Teks

(1) Everyone likes to group things. Language students group words as verbs, nouns, and
so on: collections of words are classified as phrases, or clauses, or sentences, and these
again are reclassified according to their function. In the same way, botanists classify plants
as algae, or fungi, or gymnosperms, etc. Zoologists classify animals as vertebrates and
invertebrates. The vertebrates can be futher classified as mamals, reptiles, bird, fish, etc.
Classification enables us to keep hold of more information and, if it is based on the right
 data. Enables us to understand better the ideas we are studiying.

(2) Chemists are no exception. The chemical classification of material, if it is based on a

goof system, should enable us to understand better the many substances which exist in our
world. What is to be the basis of our classification? Perhaps the most obvious one is
appearance. Material could be classified as solid, liquid, or gas with some mixed types as,
for example mud being solid, liquid material and stearn a liquid/gas material. Appearance
could enable us to subdivide our main classification groups a little futher; the solid may be
green, or black, powdery or crystalline, the liquid may be colored, oily, thick, or free
flowing: the gas may be colored. However, we soon realize that many probably quite
different materials have the same appearance. Both air and the deadly carbon monoxide gas
are colorless, oferless gases, but we would not like to group them as the same thing. Many
different liquids are colorless, water-like materials.

The examples provided in paragraph 2 clarify that ...

A. Many kinds of liquid should be grouped as one

B. Different kinds of gas can be colorless and odorless

C. Materials in chemistry should be classified differently

D. Chemistry materials have more complicated classification

E. Taxonomy can be made and applied further to other

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. Chemistry material have more complicated

classification

Pembahasan:

Perhatikan kalimat pada paragraf ke-2: “we soon realize that many
probably quite different materials have the same appearance. Both air
and the deadly carbon monoxide gas are colorless, odorrless gases, but
we would not like to group them as the same thing. Many different liquids
are colorless, water-like materials.” Dari kalimat tersebut dapat diketahui
bahwa bahan-bahan kimia memiliki klasifikasi yang lebih kompleks
(Chemistry materials have more complicated classification).

Materi Reading

Nomor 34.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

(1) Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current.
While conducting these studies, Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field
concept in physics, subsequently enlarged upon by James Maxwell. He similarly discovered
electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that
magnetism could affect rays of light and that was an underlying relationship between the
two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of
electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable
for use in technology.

(2) as a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate
of chlorine, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system ofoxidation
numbers, and popularized terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.
 (3) Although Faraday received little formal education and knew little of higher
mathematics, such as calculus, he was one of the most influential scientists in history.
Historians of science refer to him as the best experimentalist in the history of science. The
SI unit of capacitance, the farad, is named after him, as is the Faraday constant, the charge
on a mole of electrons (about 96,485 coulombs). Faraday's law of induction states that
magnetic flux changing in time creates a proportional electromotive force.

(4) Faraday was the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal
Institution of Great Britain, a position to which he was appointed for life.

(5) Albert Einstein kept a photograph of Faraday on his study wall alongside pictures of
Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.

(6) Faraday was highly religious. He was a member of the Sandemanian Church, a
Christian sect founded in 1730 that demanded total faith and commitment. Biographers
have noted that a strong sense of the unity of God and nature pervaded Faraday's life and
work.

Michael Faraday was expert in …

A. science, history and religion

B. chemistry, electricity and calculus

C. electronic, technology and religion

D. chemistry, physic and mathematics

E. physic, technology and photography

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. chemistry, physic and mathematics

Pembahasan:

Keahlian dari Michael Faraday adalah mengenai bidang kimia seperti

dijelaskan di paragraf ke-3, fisika di paragraf 1 dan matematika di
paragraf 3.

Paragraph 1 “Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field

concept in physics, subsequently enlarged upon by James Maxwell”

Paragraph 3 “and knew little of higher mathematics, such as calculus, he

was one of the most influential scientists in history. Historians of science
refer to him as the best experimentalist in the history of science.”

Materi Reading

Nomor 35.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Teks

(1) Edward Patrick Eagan was born on April 26,1987, in Denver, Colorado, and his father
died in a railod accident when Eagan was only a year old. He and his four brothers were
raised by his mother, who earned a small income from teaching foreign languages.
 (2) Inspired by Frank Merriwell, the hero of a series of popular novels for boys, Eagan
pursued an education for himself as well as an interest in boxing. He attended the University
of Denver for a year before serving in the U.S. Army as an artillery lieutenant during World
War I. After the war, he entered Yale University and while studying there, won the U.S.
national amateur heavyweight boxing title. He graduated from Yale in 1921, attended
Harvard Law School, and received a Rhodes scholarship to the University of Oxford where
he received his A.M. in 1928.

(3) While studying at Oxford, Eagan become the first American to win the British amateur
boxing championship. Eagan won his first Olympic gold medal as a light heavyweight
boxer at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium. Eagan also fought at the 1924
Olympics in Paris as heavyweight but failed to get a medal. Though he has taken up the
sport just three weeks before the competition, he managed to win a second gold medal as a
member of the four-man bobsled team at the 1932 Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
Thus he became the only athlete to win gold medals at both the Summer and Winter
Olympics.

(4) Eagan was a member of the first game of athletes inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall
of Fame in 1983. Eagan became a respected attorney, serving as an assistant district attorney
for southern New York and as chairman of the New York State Athietic Commission (1945-
1951). He married soap heiress Margaret Coigate and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel
during World War II.

According to the passage, the 1920 Olympic Games was held in …

A. Antwerp, Belgium

B. Paris, France

C. London, England

D. Lake Placed, New York

E. University of Oxford

Pembahasan Jawaban: A. Antwerp, Belgium

Pembahasan:

Olympic Games 1920 dilaksanakan di Antwerp, Belgium. Perhatikan

paragraf ke tiga “Eagan won his first Olympic gold medal as a light
heavyweight boxer at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium”.

Materi Reading

Nomor 36.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

(1) Did you ride your bike to school when you were a kid? A generation ago most kids
rode, walked or caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped by our parents at the
school gate. These days most of us have experienced the daily traffic jams around schools at
drop off and picked-up times, as parents drive their children to the school gate. While there
is a national data on the number of children who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian
survey found nearly half of children are driven to school every day.

(2) Parents choose to drop their kids at school for a number of reasons-mostly do with
safely and convenience. But experts say chauffeuring your kids to school every day could
 mean they are missing out on much-needed exercise and other life skills.

(3) Researchers suggest at least a third of Australian children aged 9-16 years are not
getting the amount of daily physical activity recommended by national guidelines, But this
is not because children's participation in leisure of sporting activities has dropped off, says
Dr. Jan Garrad. Participation in these activities has not altered much over the years, Garrad
says but what has changed is the level of incidental activity children do. "When you look at
countries where children are just active as part of everyday life, they do not have to be
sporty. All they have to do is to get away around the way the community gets around by
walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity," she says.

Dr. Garrard statement"... where children are just active as a part of everyday life, they do
not have to be sporty." (paragraph 3) may be best restated that....

A. Children who are active do not automatically mean they will be good sport

B. Being muscular should not be the aim of children who are naturally active

C. Children physical fitness is not closely related with their daily activities

D. Activeness in children does not mean to make these children physically fit

E. When naturally active, children need no more scheduled sports activities

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. When naturally active, children need no more scheduled

sports activities

Pembahasan:

Pada kalimat di atas, “When you look at countries where children are just
active as part of everyday life, they do not have to be sporty. All they have
to do is to get away around the way the community gets around by
walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity,” she says.
Dengan kata lain dapat dikatakan bahwa ketika anak-anak sudah terbiasa
untuk bergerak secara aktif, maka sesungguhnya mereka tidak perlu lagi
melakukan olahraga secara rutin. Karena dengan selalu bergerak setiap
hari sama dengan melakukan olahraga secara rutin. Berdasarkan pilihan
jawaban diatas, maka jawaban yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan
tersebut adalah pada pilihan (E)

Materi Reading

Nomor 37.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Teks

(1) In almost every developing country, the lack of adequate supplies of cheap,
convenient and reliable. Fuel is a major problem. Rural commodities depend largely on
kerosene, wood, and dung for their cooking and lighting needs, but kerosene is now priced
out of reach of many people, and wood, except in heavily forested areas, is in short supply.
The search for firewood occupies a large part of the working day and has resulted in
widespread deforestation.

(2) Dung is in constant supply wherever there are farm animals and when dried, it is
convenient to store and use. But burning dung destroys its value as fertilizer, thus depriving
the soil of a much-needed source of humus and nitrogen. Rural areas of developing
countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation, improper waste disposal spreads
disease, contaminates water sources, and provides feeding grounds for disease-carrying
 insects.

(3)The problem of improving environmental hygiene, conserving sources, and finding

alternative sources of fuel may be unrelated. Their solution, however, is not, as many
countries experimenting with biogas technology are discovering. Biogas, a mixture of
methane and carbon dioxide, is produced by anaerobic fermentation is a natural one.
Occurring whenever living matter decomposes. By keeping the matter and the process in a
digester or biogas plan, the combustible gas can be trapped and used as fuel for household
lighting and cooking. The digested slurry that remains can be used on the land as a soil
conditioner and fertilizer.

The two problems mentioned in the text is ……

A. Pollution and the high price of fuel

B. Widespread deforestation and the use of dung

C. The lack of adequate fuel and hygienic conditions

D. The lack of humus and nitrogen in the soil

E. Contaminated water sources and rural areas

Pembahasan Jawaban: C. The lack of edequate fuel and hygienic conditions

Pembahasan:

Masalah utama pada bacaan yang ada di atas adalah kurangnya adanya
bahan bakar yang layak dan baik, serta kondisi dari kesehatan. Perhatikan
kalimat pertama paragraf ke 1 & 2, pada paragraf tersebut menyimpulkan
dua masalah utama.

(1) the lack of adequate supplies of cheap, convenient and reliable. Fuel
is a major problem (kurangnya pasokan yang memadai murah, nyaman
dan dapat diandalkan. Bahan bakar adalah masalah utama).

(2) The problem of improving environmental hygiene, conserving

sources, and finding alternative sources of fuel may be unrelated
(Masalah meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan, melestarikan sumber,
dan menemukan sumber bahan bakar alternatif mungkin tidak
berhubungan.)

Materi Reading

Nomor 38.

Soal Non verbal communication is defined as communication between people by means other
than speech. Non verbal communication (NVC) derived from one following major sources :
eye contact (amount looking at another person’s body and face), mouth(especially smiling
or grimacing in relation to eye contact), posture (for example, sitting forwards of
backward), gesture (as with the use of arm movements when talking), orientation of the
body to the to the address, body distance (as when we stand to close or too far away from
others, smell (including perfumes), skin( including pigmentation, blushing and texture) hair
(including length, texture and style), clothes ( with particular references to fashion).

Non-verbal communication is no quite the same as body language because any claim
about a language must refer to an agreed and identifiable grammar and syntax. NVC is not
always so precise or advanced: the vocabulary of non verbal sign is more limited than
 speech. Even so, it is a mistake to consider NVC as isolated from speech . instead some
complex interaction envisaged between word and body signal and one is not always
complementary. Imagine yourself interviewing job applicants. You might not offer
employment to a candidate who refuses to look at you, always frowns, hunches both
shoulders, sweats a lot and has a Mohican haircut- despite the fact that he or she gives
thoughtful and interesting replies to your questions.

Take eye contact as an example for discussion. Mutual eye contact (where both people
look into each other’s eyes) can be a sign of linking but prolonged gaze leads to discomfort.
The directed eye contact victims a code of looking, where eye contact is frequently broken
but returned to and leads to depersonalization of the victim because an aggressor
deliberately breaks the rules which the victim address to. Eye contact is often enhanced by
size of pupils, eyebrow inflection and movement, and smiling.

The purpose of the text is to…

A. Present the result of research

B. Define non-verbal communication

C. Describe the real situation of job interview

D. Provide examples of non-verbal communication

E. Explain the role of non-verbal communication in communication

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. Explain the role of non-verbal communication in

communication

Soal : Apa tujuan utama dari text di atas

Pembahasan: Tujuan wacana soal di atas adalah menjelaskan peranan

non-verbal communication dalam komunikasi. Jawaban tersebut dapat
ditemukan di seluruh wacana soal

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya Mempresentasikan hasil penelitian

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya menentukan komunikasi nonverbal

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya menjelaskan situasi sebenarnya dari wawancara kerja

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya memberikan contoh komunikasi nonverbal

Opsi E (benar)

Artinya menjelaskan peranan non-verbal communication dalam

komunikasi

Materi Reading

Nomor 39.
Soal Non-verbal communication is defined as communication between people by means other
than speech. Non-verbal communication (NVC) derives from the following major sources;
(1) eyes contact (amount of looking at another person’s body and face); (2) mouth
(especially smiling and grimacing in relation to eye contact); (3) posture (for example,
sitting forwards or backwards); (4) gesture (as with use of arm movements when talking);
(5) orientation (of the body to addressee); (6) body distance (as when we stand too close or
too far away from others); (7) smell (including perfumes); (8) skin (including pigmentation,
blushing and texture); (9) hair (including length, texture, and style); (10) clothes (with
particular reference to fashion).

Non-verbal communication is quite the same as ‘body language’because any claim about
a language must refer to an agreed and identifiable grammar and syntax. NVC does not
have established rules. NVC is not always so precise or advanced; the vocabulary of non-
verbal signs is more limited than speech. Even so, it is a mistake to consider NVC is
isolated from speech. Instead, some complex interaction is envisaged between word and
body signal, and one that is not always complementary. Imagine yourself interviewing job
applicants. You might not offer employment to a candidate who refures to look at you,
always frowns, hunches both shoulder, sweats a lot, and has a Mohican hair cut – despite
the fact that he or she gives thoughtful and interesting replies to your questions.

Take eye contact as an example for discussion. Mutual eye contact (where both people
look into each other’s eyes) can be a sign of liking, but prolonged gaze leads to discomfort.
The directed eye contact.

Violets a code of looking, where eye contact is frequently broken but returned to, and
leads to the personalization of the victim because an aggressor deliberately breaks the rules
which the vicim adheres to. Eye contact is often enchanced by size of pupils, eyebrow
inflections and movement, and smiling.

The purpose of the text is to...

A. present the result of research

B. define non-verbal communication

C. describe the real situation of job interview

D. provide examples of non-verbal communication

E. explain the role of non-verbal communication in communication

Pembahasan Jawaban: E

Pembahasan:

Secara umum, teks dalam soal ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran
NCV dalam komunikasi atau explain the role of non-verbal
communication in communication.

Opsi A (Salah)

Artinya mempresentasikan hasil penelitian

Opsi B (Salah)
 Artinya mendefinisikan komunikasi non-verbal

Opsi C (Salah)

Artinya menggambarkan situasi sebenarnya dari wawancara kerja

Opsi D (Salah)

Artinya memberikan contoh komunikasi nonverbal

Opsi E (Benar)

Artinya jelaskan peran komunikasi non-verbal dalam komunikasi

Materi Reading

Nomor 40.

Soal Human body is made up of contless million of cells. Food is needed to build up new cells
and replace the worn out. Howover, the food we take must be changed into subtances that
can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called
digestion.

The first digestive process takes places in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into
small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with salvia containing digestive juices which
moisten the food, so that it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus-the food passage into the stomach.
Here the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours.
Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular wall of intestine are
squeezing, mixing, and moving the food on wards.

In few hours, the food changes into acids. The acids are soon absorbed by the villi
(microscopic branch projection from the intestine walls) and passed into bloodstream.

What is the purpose of the text ?

A. To describe human body

B. To show the function of blood

C. To tell the work of intestine

D. To explain the process of digestive system

E. To inform the readers the necessity of food

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. To explain the proces of digestive system

Soal : Apa tujuan dari teks diatas ?

Pembahasan: Bacaan tersebut menjelaskan bagaimana sistem

pencernaan terjadi. Ini merupakan tipe explanation text, yang tujuannya
 (purpose) : To explain the proces of digestive system (untuk menjelaskan
proses sistem pencernaan)

Opsi A (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah Untuk menggambarkan tubuh manusia

Opsi B (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah Untuk menunjukkan fungsi darah

Opsi C (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah Untuk memberitahu kerja usus

Opsi D (Benar)

Arti kalimat ini adalah Untuk menjelaskan proses sistem pencernaan

Opsi E (salah)

Arti kalimat ini adalah Untuk menginformasikan kepada pembaca tentang

perlunya makanan

Materi Reading

Nomor 41.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

(1) Inside Out is terrifically funny and smart: a high-concept animated family comedy
from Pixar whose playful abstractions appear to have been cultured in an impossibly
sophisticated laboratory. It's about what's going on inside a lonely 11-year-old girl called
Riley (voiced by Kaitlyn Dias), when her stressed parents move her away from everything
and everyone she loves to settle in a strange new city.

(2) We see her five emotional forces as characters: Joy, Sadness, Anger, Disgust and Fear-
secret tutelary deities, like the toys in Toy Stories squabbling among themselves within the
mission control of Riley's consciousness. This is a dazzlingly surreal and faintly disturbing
mental universe in which Riley's characteristic traits are represented by five huge
"personality islands on the horizon, and where memories become multi-colored balls taken
away every day to be warehoused offsite in a gigantic library, and retrieved at key moments.
It is here that perky Joy (Amy Poehler) crucially faces off with mopey Sadness (Phyllis
Smith), whose frumpy hair and specs are surely inspired by Marcie from Peanuts or Honey
Huan in Doonesbury.

(3) There is a message about emotional literacy, delivered via the complicated spectacle of
Joy feeling sad or Sadness cheering up, and I have to say that nothing Sadness does
compares to the devastating power of the flesh-and-blood, un-avatared sad moments in Toy
Story or Up. Yet the vast expanse of Riley's inner mind, where Joy and Sadness must go on
a journey together, is a glittering Oz to the Kansas that is the outer world of school and
home. It's co-directed and co-written by Pete Doctor with a raft of additional script
contributors, including the New Yorker's Simon Rich: a kite mark of excellence if ever there
was one. This is high- IQ entertainment.

The text talks about…

 A. Pixar review

B. Film review

C. Inside Out's news

D. Smart entertainment

E. A comedy show

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. Film review

Pembahasan:

Teks tersebut membicarakan sebuah review film berjudul "Inside Out"

yang disutradarai oleh Pete Docter (It's co-directed and co- written by
Pete Docter) dengan konsep animasi komedi (high-concept animated
family comedy).

- Opsi A salah, karena Pixar adalah animasi konsep film tesebut, dan teks
tersebut tidak menyeluruh memaparkan tentang Pixar.

- Opsi C salah, karena ini adalah sebutan untuk film tersebut, bisa juga
dimaksud dengan judul flm yang direview adalah inside out.

- Opsi D salah, karena teks ini tidak hanya membahas hiburan cerdas
saja.

- Opsi E salah, karena ini memang film komedi namun ini adalah jenis
film yang direview, jenis film ini merupakan komedi keluarga animasi
berkonsep tinggi dari Pixar.

Materi Reading

Nomor 42.

Soal One day, Daisy decided to buy Donald a new hat. “Your hat is out fashion!” She said,
“Come on, I’ll buy a new one.” Donald knew that Daisy was right, so she agreed to go to a
hat shop. As she went in, Daisy took off his old hat, “Hey, what’s going on?” Asked Donald.
“I’m taking off your old hat because it’s so ugly. We don’t want the assistant to see you
wearing it, do we? Said Daisy. Donald just said, “Err…no…I mean, you’re right, we don’t.”

In fact, Donald was very found of his old hat, although he didn’t mind getting a new one if
Daisy paid for us it. The trouble was this: there wasn’t any hat in the shop that Donald like.
He tried many hats, but he felt that all hats looked silly on him.

The shop assistant was getting tired in serving Donald, but he took another hat and
showed it to him.”What about this one, Sir? I am sure you’ll like it.” “I quite agree!” said
Donald happily. Do you know why? Because the hat looked exactly the same as his old one!
Poor Daisy, she wasn’t very happy, but she had to pay for the hat. She promised she would
buy a new hat for Donald, didn’t she ?

Which is true about Donald according to the text ?

A. Donald like being silly with his new hat

B. Donald didn’t like his old fashioned hat

C. Donald asked Daisy to buy him a new hat

 D. Donald was very angry with the shop assistant

E. Donald chose a hat that looked exactly the same as the old one

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. Donald chose a hat that looked exactly the same as the
old one

Soal : Manakah yang benar tentang Donald menurut teks?

Pembahasan: Pernyataan yang tepat untuk teks di atas yaitu Donald

memilih topi yang sama persis dengan yang lama/yang sudah dia miliki.
Pernyataan tersebut ada di paragraph ke-2 yaitu “because the hat looked
the same as his old one”

Opsi A (salah)

Opsi A artinya Donald suka bersikap konyol dengan topi barunya

Opsi B (salah)

Opsi B artinya Donald tidak menyukai topinya yang kuno

Opsi C (salah)

Opsi C yaitu Donald meminta Daisy untuk membelikannya topi baru

Opsi D (salah)

Opsi D yaitu Donald sangat marah dengan asisten toko

Opsi E (benar)

Opsi E yaitu Donald memilih topi yang terlihat persis sama dengan yang
lama

Materi Reading

Nomor 43.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text

(1) An intense heat wave is baking Europe this week, with countries from Spain to
England setting record high temperatures. The hot days and warm nights are creating
dangerous conditions for those unable to escape the heat, AccuWeather warned. The heat
shows no signs of letting up. “We have a lot of heat-wave days ahead of us,” MeteoFrance
forecaster Francois Gourand told the Associated Press, noting a wide swath of southern
France from Toulouse to Lyon was facing temperatures up to 105 degrees through the
middle of next week. Germany and Poland will begin to feel the worst of the heat wave
Thursday, AccuWeather said.

(2) The high temperatures in Europe -following blistering, deadly heat waves in India and
Pakistan that killed thousands in May and June-are helping push 2015's global temperatures
to the highest in recorded human history, according to the Weather Underground. Europeans
are wary of heat waves, with the murderous heat of 2003 when 70,000 died still fresh in
people's minds. In France, where 20,000 died in 2003, a nationwide heat emergency plan
has been enacted this week, the Guardian reported. This includes opening cooling centers
and checking on the elderly and vulnerable.
 (3) An all-time record high temperature for the United Kingdom in July was set
Wednesday at London's Heathrow Airport, as the mercury soared to 98.6 degrees.
Wimbledon’s tennis matches in London were being competed on the hottest day in the
tournament’s history, which goes back to 1887. A ball boy collapsed in the heat during a
match Wednesday and needed to be taken off the court on stretcher, the AP reported. Some
commuters outside a London subway weren’t bothered by the sweltering heat. “ I’m loving
it. I can’t complain,” said Maggie Cloud, a university students who planned to relax in the
park. “We pay so much money to go abroad to holidays, and now we have the weather here.
It’s cheaper,” she told the AP. Temperatures climed to 104 degrees in n Madrid on Monday,
breaking the city's all- time June high at Gatafe Airport.

(4) The heat is the result of an unusual bulge in the jet stream, which is allowing a
massive ridge of high pressure to surge over the continent, bringing in extremely hot air
from North Africa. Even beyond the next few days, the weather pattern across much of
Europe will feature warmer-than- normal temperatures through the middle of July with only
a few brief breaks from the warmth, said AccuWeather meteorologist Adam Douty.

The following options is closest in meaning to the word "baking" (paragraph 1) is …

A. scorching

B. waving

C. drying

D. making

E. drought

Pembahasan Jawaban: A. scorching

Pembahasan:

Kata baking dalam kalimat "An intense heat wave is baking Europe"
(paragraf 1) bermakna membakar/mulai menghanguskan maka
bersinonim dengan scorching (yang membakar).

- Opsi B salah, karena kata tersebut bermakna melambai.

- Opsi C salah, karena kata tersebut bermakna pengeringan

- Opsi D salah, karena kata tersebut bermakna membuat

- Opsi E salah, karena kata tersebut bermakna kekeringan

Materi Reading

Nomor 44.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

(1) We all know that mobile phones, cell phones, hand-phones, whatever we want to call
them (and shouldn’t we all be calling them the same thing?) are changing our lives. But it
takes a good old-fashioned survey to wake us up to the glaring reality: they have changed
who we are. The mobile phone has indeed changed the way we behave. But perhaps we
don’t realize how much we have become its slave. Consider other elements of the Siemens
Mobile Survey. With the exception of Australia, in every country surveyed the majority
polled said they would go back for their phone if they left it at home (in Australia, it was a
respectable 39%). If you’ve endured the traffic in Indonesia the Philippines and India, you’ll
 know what kind of sacrifice some two-third of those surveyed are making. I can’t think of
anything I would go back for-except my wallet maybe, or my clothes.

(2) And even if we remember to bring it, we’re still not happy. Many of us get anxious if it
hasn’t rung or a text massage hasn’t appeared for while (a while being about an hour). Once
again of those surveyed, Indonesians (65%) and Filipinos (77%) get particularly jittery.
Australians are more laid back about this (20%), but every other user in Asia seems to be
glancing at the phone every few second. This statistic, I have to say is highly believable, and
the isntict highly annoying. There’s nothing worse than chatting to someone who constantly
checks his or her hand-phone.

(3) Then there’s the fact that mobile phones are not only enslaving the user, they’re
trampling the right of everyone else. Around a third of folk surveyed acknowledge they get
so engrossed in mobile conversations that they’re often unaware of speaking loudly while
duscussing their private lives in public. At least most of us agree on one thing; with the
exception of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, the icreasing use of mobile phones has led to
decline in courstesy and considerate behavior.

(4) The bottom line here is that we are than a little bit out of contol. Mobile phones are
great: But is we allow them to dominate our lives to this extent interrupting conversations
with those around us, sending flirty text massages to random numbers – then I can only
assume that in another 10 years, society as we know it will no longer exits. All we’ll see is a
blur of digital data going out and giving all the fun, socializing, falling in love and taking
sneaky pictures of each other.

The phrase ‘trampling the right of everyone else’ in paragraph three means…

A. Interfering with somebody else’s affairs

B. Prohibiting somebody else’s right to walk

C. Rejecting to acknowledge one’s ownership

D. Ignoring the rights of other people

E. Making use of other people’s property

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. Ignoring the right of other people

Pembahasan:

Trampling = menginjak = mengabaikan = ignore. Trampling the right of

everyone else (menginjak-injak/mengabaikan hak orang lain).

Materi Reading

Nomor 45.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text

(1) How does ritual affect relationships between groups and entities external to them?
According to traditional cultural anthropology aggregates of individuals who regard their
collective well-being as dependent upon a common body of ritual performances use such
rituals to give their members confidence, to dispel their anxieties, and to discipline their
social organization. Conventional theories hold that rituals come into play when people feel
they are unable to control events and processes in their environment that are of crucial
importance to them.
 (2) In contrast, recent studies of the Tsembaga, a society of nomadic agriculturalists in
New Guinea suggest that rituals do more than just give symbolic expression to the
relationships between a cultural group and components of its environment, they influence
those relationships in measurable ways.

(3) Perhaps the most significant finding of the studies was that, among the Tsembaga,
ritual operates as a regulating mechanism in a system of a set of interlocking systems that
include such variables as the area of available land, necessary length of fallow periods, size
of the human and pig populations, nutritional requirements of pigs and people, energy
expended in various activities, and frequency of misfortune In one sense, the Tsembaga
constitute an ecological population in an ecosystem that also includes the other living
organisms and nonliving substances found within the Tsembaga territory. By collating
measurable data (such as average monthly rainfall average garden yield, energy expenditure
per cultivated acre, and nutritive values of common foods) with the collective decision to
celebrate certain rituals, anthropologists have been able to show how Tsembaga rituals
allocate energy and important materials.

(4) The studies have described how Tsembaga rituals regulate those relationships among
people, their pigs, and their gardens that are critical to survival control meat consumption,
conserve marsupial fauna, redistribute land among territorial groups and limit the frequency
of warfare. These studies have important methodological and theoretical implications, for
they enable cultural anthropologists to see that rituals can in fact produce measurable results
in an external world.

(5) By focusing on Tsembaga rituals as part of the interaction within an ecosystem, newer
quantitative studies permit anthropologists to analyze how ritual operates as a mechanism
regulating survival. In the language of sociology, regulation is a "latent function of
Tsembaga ritual, since the Tsembaga themselves see their rituals as pertaining less to their
material relations with the ecosystem than to their spiritual relations with their ancestors in
the past, cultural anthropologists might have centered on the Tsembaga's own interpretations
of their rituals in order to elucidate those rituals, but since tools now exist for examining the
adaptive aspects of rituals these anthropologists are in a far better position to appreciate
fully the ecological sophistication of rituals both among the Tsembaga and in other
societies.

According to the text, the word misfortune (paragraph 3) can be replaced by …

A. Happiness

B. Adversity

C. Poverty

D. Sensitivity

E. Firmness

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. Adversity

Pembahasan:

Kata ‘Misfortune’ memilki arti kemalangan, maka kata tersebut memilki

makna yang sama dengan kata ‘adversity’
(kemalangan/kesulitan/kesengsaraan).

- Opsi A salah, karena kata tersebut memiliki arti kebahagiaan.

- Opsi C salah, karena kata tersebut memiliki arti kemiskinan.

 - Opsi D salah, karena kata tersebut memiliki arti kepekaan.

- Opsi E salah, karena kata tersebut memiliki arti ketegasan.

Materi Reading