FTKEE

Project
1 Project 1: Logic Probe
BTE3222
Digital Logic Design Laboratory
Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this lab, students should be able to:

1. Explain the development process of truth table for the given hardware.
2. Discuss function of basic gates, BCD-to-7-segment decoder and 7-segment
display.
3. Analyze operation and implement NAND gate and decoder IC into Logic
Probe circuit.
4. Observe and explain the operation of decoder in Logic Probe circuit.

Lecturer: DR. NURUL WAHIDAH BT ARSHAD

20 Student names
CHITRA A/P GOVINDASAMY
Student ID
TB19013
Section
02
RUQAIYAH BINTI KAMALYUZAN TB19025 02
MUHAMMAD ABDUL HAKIM MUZHAFFAR BIN SAHJAMAL TG20017 02

Due Date: 13/12/2021 Delivery Date: 13/12/2021

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1.0 Theory

A BCD to seven-segment decoder will allow the display of a binary coded decimal on a seven-
segment display. The input to the decoder is a number from 0 through 9 in BCD and the output
provides the seven inputs required to drive the seven-segment display. Figure 1 below shows the
complete circuit of the logic probe using BCD to seven-segment decoder, 7 segment display,
NAND gate and also IC 7447 and 7400. This circuit indicates the logic state of the node of any
TTL logic circuit. The circuit operation can be understood through the truth table itself. When all
the inputs are connected to low logic, the output of the combinational logic circuit would be so as
to drive all the output LEDs except ‘g’ to conduction.

Figure 1: Circuit of Logic Probe

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2.0 Software & Hardware Implementation

Task 2

• Software implementation using Multisim software

For Task 2, the logic probe circuit is designed in Multisim software as Figure 4 below. Figure
2 shows the 7-segment display circuit which is built by connected the 7-segment display
(cathode) with 220 Ω resistors to the output of IC7447. BI/RBO is wire-AND logic serving as
blanking input (BI) or ripple-blanking output (RBO). BI/RBO and RBI are connected to
interactive digital constants to apply high or low logic levels. BI must be open or held at a high
logic level when output functions 0 through 15 are desired and RBI must be high if blanking
of a decimal zero is not desired. So, in this Task 2, the interactive digital constants must be
kept at a high level. Input A is linked to the Test point because decimal number 1 and 0 can
only be displayed by manipulating input A whether it is high or low. Meanwhile, inputs B, C,
and D are grounded because decimal numbers 1 and 0 can only be displayed by grounding
input B, C and D (low). LT is connected to VCC because it must be high, when it’s low, while
BI/RBO is high, all segments output will be on decimal number 8. Then, the subcircuit of the
logic probe is constructed as in Figure 3 below.

Figure 2: 7-Segment Display circuit

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Figure 3: Subcircuit of logic probe in Multisim

Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the similar circuit built from circuit in Figure 2 in Task 2 but both
the NAND gates in the subcircuit were removed and replaced by a NAND gate Integrated
Circuit (IC74LS00D). An integrated circuit works in the same way that an amplifier, timer,
microprocessor, oscillator, and computer memory do. An integrated circuit (IC) is a compact
wafer constructed of silicon that contains hundreds of components such as resistors, transistors,
and capacitors. These are little components that may carry out various calculations in order to
save data using analogue or digital technology. Logic gates, which work with zeros and ones,
are used in digital integrated circuits. A low signal can be sent to a component via a digital IC
that produces a zero value, whereas a high signal produces a one value.

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Figure 4: Full circuit of logic probe using NAND gate IC if input is low (0-2V)

Figure 5: Full circuit of logic probe using NAND gate IC if input is high (4-5V)

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Task 3

• Software implementation using TinkerCAD application

Part 1:

Figure 6: BCD to 7-segment decoder circuit in TinkerCAD

Part 2:

Figure 7: Full logic probe circuit when Vtest = 0V (Low)

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Figure 8: Full logic probe circuit when Vtest = 3V (Moderate)

Figure 9: Full logic probe circuit when Vtest = 5V (High)

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• Hardware Implementation

Part 1:

Figure 10: Hardware circuit of 7-segment display

For Part 1, Figure 6 shows the simulation of the 7-segment display of the logic probe circuit
using TinkerCAD application while Figure 10 above shows its hardware circuit. This circuit
has 4 inputs (A, B, C, D). The lamp test, RBI and RBO connected to Vcc. The current 4-bit
input will not light all the segments if this input is made active high. It can be reset to show all
the digits are working. Vcc should be set to 5V. In this circuit, IC 7447 is used and the outputs
are connected to the 7-segment display. Pin number 8 connected to ground and pin number 16
connected to Vcc. The resistors connected to the outputs of IC and 7-segment display. In this
type of display, all the cathode connections of the LED segments are connected together to
logic 0 or ground.

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Figure 11: Hardware full circuit of logic probe

While for Part 2, Figure 7 to Figure 9 show simulation of the full circuit of the logic probe in
TinkerCAD and Figure 11 above shows the full circuit of the logic probe in hardware
implementation. We used two integrated circuits (ICs) which are 7447 and NAND gate IC
(7400). For IC 7447, pin number 16 connected to Vcc and pin number 8 connected to ground.
The lamp test, RBI and RBO connected to Vcc because it must be high. Vcc should be set to
5V. All the outputs connected to the resistors and 7-segment display. Then, the 4 inputs (B,
C, D, A) connected to the ground as well. IC 7447 connected to IC NAND gate which is the
subcircuit of the logic probe. The IC 7400 is a 14-pin chip and it includes four 2-input NAND
gates. Every gate utilizes 2-input pins & 1-output pins, with the remaining 2-pins being power
& ground. The function of the NAND gate is that the output will be low if both inputs are
high. Two diodes and also two LEDs connected to IC 7400 for the output purpose.

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3.0 Results and Discussion

Task 2

Based on Table 1 below, when the voltage increases from 0V until 2V, the circuit will display
decimal number 0. Whereas, when the voltage increases from 4V until 5V, decimal number 1 will
display in the 7-segment. If the level is LOW, the probe will display a “zero” (0) while if the level
is HIGH, the probe will display a “one” (1). When the “Test” wire is connected to the ground of
the test circuit or the voltage is between 0V and 2V, the logic level is “Low”. The voltage is
between 4V and 5V, when the “Test” wire is connected to the positive supply of the circuit. Hence,
the logic level is “High”. If the level is impedance, which the voltage is 3V, there is no output
displayed.

Table 1: Results for BCD-to-7-segment display

Voltage (V) Output Display

0 0

1 0

2 0

3 -

4 1

5 1

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From the result in Table 2, it shows that if the voltage level is low, LED2 (red) will be lighted. The
logic level is “low” when the DC interactive voltage is between 0 and 2 V. When the voltage level
is high, LED1 (green) is lighted as shown in figure below. The logic level is “high” when the DC
interactive voltage is connected to the positive supply of the circuit which is between 4V to 5V. If
the level is impedance, either it has no input voltage or the voltage is 3V, no LED will be lighted.
It can also prove the function of the NAND gate which is that the output will be low if both inputs
are high. Hence, we can see that the output voltage is 0V when the inputs are 4V and 5V. Table 3
represents the full circuit of the logic probe using NAND gate IC (74LS00D) which is the
combination results from Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 2: Results for subcircuit logic probe

NAND gate Input Voltage

(V) LED1 LED2
DC Voltage NAND gate Output
(v) Voltage (V) (green) (red)

A B

0 4.98 0 5.00 OFF ON

1 4.98 0.63 5.00 OFF ON

2 4.98 1.54 5.00 OFF ON

3 4.98 2.49 5.00 OFF OFF

4 4.98 3.46 0 ON OFF

5 5 4.43 0 ON OFF

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Table 3: Results for full circuit of logic probe

DC Voltage NAND gate Input NAND gate Output LED1 LED2 Output
(v) Voltage (V) Voltage (V) (green) (red) display

A B

0 4.98 0 5.00 OFF ON 0

1 4.98 0.63 5.00 OFF ON 0

2 4.98 1.54 5.00 OFF ON 0

3 4.98 2.49 5.00 OFF OFF -

4 4.98 3.46 0 ON OFF 1

5 5 4.43 0 ON OFF 1

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Task 3

Part 1:

For Table 4, initially the display will show Zero, as buttons are connected to pull down resistors
and give LOW as output when no button is pressed. So, for getting any particular decimal
number, the BCD code numbers as in the table are followed for displaying the particular number
from 0 to 9. Pressing any button will give a high input to the corresponding pin of CD4511 and
accordingly the decimal number will be displayed on 7-segments. Hence, the decimal numbers
from 0 to 9 are successfully displayed on a single 7-segment display.

Table 4: Result for BCD-to-7-segment decoder in TinkerCAD

BCD code 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001
(DCBA)

Decimal
number
display

Part 2:

From the result in Table 5, the result is slightly similar to Table 3 in Task 2. It shows that if the
voltage level is low, LED2 (red) will be lighted and the circuit will display decimal number 0. The
logic level is “low” when the test voltage is between 0 and 2 V. Whereas, when the voltage level
is high, LED1 (green) is lighted and the decimal number 1 is displayed in the 7-segment display.
The logic level is “high” when the test voltage is connected to the positive supply of the circuit
which is between 4V to 5V. If the level is impedance, either it has no input voltage or the voltage
is 3V, no LED will be lighted and no output is displayed. It can also prove the function of the
NAND gate which is that the output will be low if both inputs are high. Hence, we can see that the
output voltage is 0V when the inputs are 4V and 5V.

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Table 5: Result for logic probe full circuit in TinkerCAD

NAND gate input

voltage (V) NAND gate LED1 LED2
DC Voltage
output Output
(V)
voltage (V) (green) (red)
A B

OFF ON

0 5.00 0 5.00

OFF ON

1 5.00 0.51 5.00

OFF ON

2 5.00 1.49 5.00

OFF OFF

3 5.00 2.47 5.00

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ON OFF

4 5.00 3.46 0

ON OFF

5 5.00 4.46 0

4.0 Conclusion

One of the most fundamental troubleshooting tools for common electronic logic circuits is the
logic probe (TTL circuits). The Logic Probe is a tool that allows us to see what is wrong with the
chips and is a highly useful measurement instrument for determining output logic levels. This
experiment's goal was to simulate, create, and test a circuit. To invert the current direction, this
circuit employs numerous inverters. We were able to switch one LED off while turning the other
on using a potentiometer as a variable voltage dividing resistor. The circuit was originally tested
using the Multisim circuit simulator. We also simulated it with TinkerCAD software. We then
took the experiment to the lab, where we created and physically tested the circuit. We took
measurements and recorded the data as our experiment continued.

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