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Programming Lecture 4

The document provides an example C++ program that outputs the multiplication table of 5 using stream insertion operations. It demonstrates declaring and initializing integer variables, using cout to output strings and arithmetic expressions, and chaining multiple stream insertion operations in a single statement. The document also discusses basic C++ programming concepts like variables, data types, identifiers, and input/output streams.

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29 views

Programming Lecture 4

The document provides an example C++ program that outputs the multiplication table of 5 using stream insertion operations. It demonstrates declaring and initializing integer variables, using cout to output strings and arithmetic expressions, and chaining multiple stream insertion operations in a single statement. The document also discusses basic C++ programming concepts like variables, data types, identifiers, and input/output streams.

Uploaded by

fadydesoky45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming

Lecture 4

VARIABLES
Dr. Badria Nabil
Assignment 2
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Write a C++ program that computes and display the


multiplication table of "5" as the following:
5*1=5
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50
Assignment 2 Solution
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "the multiplication table of 5 \n";
cout << "5*1= " << 5 * 1 << endl;
cout << "5*2= " << 5 * 2 << endl;
cout << "5*3= " << 5 * 3 << endl;
cout << "5*4= " << 5 * 4 << endl;
cout << "5*5= " << 5 * 5 << endl;
cout << "5*6= " << 5 * 6 << endl;
cout << "5*7= " << 5 * 7 << endl;
cout << "5*8= " << 5 * 8 << endl;
cout << "5*9= " << 5 * 9 << endl;
cout << "5*10= " << 5 * 10 << endl;
return 0;
}
Chaining Stream Insertion Operations

 stream insertion operations


 Use multiple stream insertion operators in a single
statement
◼ Stream insertion operation knows how to output each type
of data
 Alsocalled chaining or cascading
 Example
◼ std::cout << "Sum is " << number1 + number2
<< std::endl;
◼ Outputs "Sum is “
◼ Then, outputs sum of number1 and number2
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What Are Variables?
 Locationin memory where value can be stored
 Variables must be explicitly declared.

 Each variable has a type, an identifier, and a scope.

Type
Identifier

Initial value
int myAge;
boolean isAMovie;
float maxItemCost = 17.98F;
Declaring Variables

 The basic form of variable declaration:


◼ type identifier [ = initial value];

int itemsRented = 1;
float itemCost;
int i, j, k;
double interestRate;

 Variables can be initialized when declared.


Data Types

 Defines a set of values and operations that can


be performed on those values
 integers
 positive and negative whole numbers,
e.g. 5, -52, 343222
 short, int, long

 represented internally in binary


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Data Types (con’t)
 Floating point (real)
 number has two parts, integral and fractional
 e.g. 5, 3.66666666, -.000034, 5.0

 float, double, long double

 stored internally in binary as mantissa and exponent

 10.0 and 10 are stored differently in memory


Data Types (con’t)
 Boolean
 named for George Boole
 represent conditional values

 values: true and false


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Data Types (con’t)
 Characters
 represent individual character values
E.g. ’A’ ’a’ ’2’ ’*’ ’”’ ’ ’
 stored in 1 byte of memory

 special characters: escape sequences


E.g. ’\n’ ’\b’ ’\r’ ’\t’ ‘\’’
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string Class
 Strings not built-in, but come from library
 Classes extend C++
 string literal enclosed in double quotes
E.g.: “Enter speed: “ “ABC” “B” “true”
“1234”
 #include <string>
 for using string identifiers, but not needed for literals
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Data type Size Example

Char 1 byte -128 to 127

unsigned char 1 byte 0 to 255

int 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767

unsigned int 2 bytes 0 to 65,535

long or (long int) 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

unsigned long 4 bytes 0 to 4,294,967,295

float 4 bytes 3.4 x 10^-38 to 3.4 x 10^38

double 8 bytes 1.7 x 10^-308 to 1.7 x 10^308

long double 10 bytes 3.4 x 10^-4932 to 3.4 x 10^4932


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10/30/2022
Identifiers
 Names for data and objects to be manipulated
by the program
 Must begin with a letter or underscore (not
recommended)
 Consist only of letters, digits, and underscores
 Cannot be reserved word
 Upper and lower case significant
Defining Variable Names

 Variable names must start with a letter of the


alphabet, or underscore.
 Other characters may include digits.

a item_Cost item#Cost item-Cost


itemCost _itemCost item*Cost abstract
item1Cost itemCost2 2itemCost

 Use meaningful names for variables, such as


customerFirstName, ageNextBirthday.
Variables Declarations (Cont.)
 Can declare several variables of same type in one
declaration
 Comma-separated list
 int integer1, integer2, sum;

 Variable names
 Valid identifier
◼ Series
of characters (letters, digits, underscores)
◼ Cannot begin with digit

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Good Programming Practice
 Place a space after each comma (,) to make programs more
readable.
 Use identifiers of 31 characters or fewer to ensure portability.
 Choosing meaningful identifiers helps make a program self-
documenting—a person can understand the program simply by
reading it rather than having to refer to manuals or comments.
 Avoid identifiers that begin with underscores and double
underscores, because C++ compilers may use names like that
for their own purposes internally.
 Always place a blank line between a declaration and
executable statements.
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Input stream object
 Obtain data for program to use - different each time
program executes
 std::cin
 from <iostream>
 Usually connected to keyboard

 Stream extraction operator >>


◼ Waits for user to input value, press Enter (Return) key
◼ Stores value in variable to right of operator
◼ Converts value to variable data type
 Example
◼ std::cin >> number1;
◼ Reads an integer typed at the keyboard
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◼ Stores the integer in variable number1
Assignment 3
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