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    Physical-Properties-Of-Minerals 20231012 131530 0000

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    hainahinuare
    Minerals have physical properties like cleavage, fracture, and specific gravity. They are classified into groups and make up rocks. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks form through weathering and include limestone, quartz, and coal. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical processes.

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    Physical-Properties-Of-Minerals 20231012 131530 0000

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    hainahinuare
    9 views25 pages
    Minerals have physical properties like cleavage, fracture, and specific gravity. They are classified into groups and make up rocks. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks form through weathering and include limestone, quartz, and coal. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical processes.

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    PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES-OF-MINERALS_20231012_131530_0000 (1)

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    Minerals have physical properties like cleavage, fracture, and specific gravity. They are classified into groups and make up rocks. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks form through weathering and include limestone, quartz, and coal. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views25 pages

    Physical-Properties-Of-Minerals 20231012 131530 0000

    Uploaded by

    hainahinuare
    Minerals have physical properties like cleavage, fracture, and specific gravity. They are classified into groups and make up rocks. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma. Sedimentary rocks form through weathering and include limestone, quartz, and coal. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical processes.

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    CONTINUATION..

    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
    MINERALS
    Cleavage -a mineral that exhibits cleavage consistently
    break, or cleaves. Some examples are..
    Fracture -Minerals that don't exhibit cleavage when broken,
    have exhibits fracture like quartz. Other kinds of fracture;
    fibrous, splintery, or irregular.
    Ex.
    Specific gravity- The specific gravity of a
    mineral is the weight of that mineral divided
    by the weight of an equal volume of water.
    The specific gravity of water equals 1.0, by
    definition. The average specific gravity for
    mineral is around 2.7.
    OTHER PROPERTIES
    •Taste
    •Smell
    •Elasticity
    •Malleability
    •Feel
    •Magnetism
    •Double refraction
    •Reaction to hydrochloric acid
    MINERAL CLASSES
    Around 4000 minerals are named and new ones are identified
    annually, with eight elements making up the bulk: oxygen,
    silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and
    magnesium. Oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements
    in Earth's crust. Silicate minerals have silicon-oxygen
    tetrahedrons as their fundamental building block. Ore refers to
    useful metallic minerals like hematite and galena, as well as
    nonmetallic minerals like fluorite and sulfur.
    COMMON GROUPS OF MINERALS
    -Oxides
    -Hydroxides
    -Sulfides
    -Sulfates
    -Native Elements
    -Hallides
    -Carbonates
    -Phosphates
    CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
    LESSON 3
    ROCK CYCLE
    Igneous Rock - form from magma that cools and
    solidifies in a process called crystallization.
    Crystal size depends on the rate of cooling. The
    texture of igneous rocks is classified into four;
    fined grained, coarse-grained, porphyritic, and
    glassy.
    Types of Texture
    Fined-grained Coarse-grained
    Ex. Rhyolite Ex. Granite
    Porphyritic Glassy
    Ex. Andesite porphyryr Ex. Obsidian
    CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
    CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

    1. Detrital sedimentary rocks - are formed from the


    accumulation of materials that originated from pre-
    existing rocks and was transported in the form of
    sediments as a result of mechanical and chemical
    weathering.
    2. Chemical sedimentary rocks -are formed when
    the dissolved substances from pre-existing rocks
    are precipitated by either inorganic or organic
    processes.
    COMMON SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
    1. Limestone - is the most abundant chemical
    sedimentary rock.

    Identified Biochemical Limestone


    a. Chalk
    b. Coquina
    c. Travetine
    2. Microcrystalline quartz - (precipitated quartz)
    are very small crystals which cannot be seen by
    the naked eye. Example, chert (light color)
    3. Evaporites - form eventually when the water
    saturated with salt evaporates but leaves the
    deposit behind such as rock salt and gypsum.
    4. Coal - is made up mostly of organic matter,
    it is the end-product of the burial of large
    amounts of plant material over extended
    periods.
    3. Metamorphic rocks ("changed form" rocks) are
    formed from igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks or
    even from other metamorphic rocks.

    Types:
    1. Low-grade (slight changes)
    2. High-grade (substantial changes)
    Metamorohic setting

    1. Contact or thermal metamorphism takes place


    when the rock is intruded by magma.
    2. Regional metamorphism occurs when a large area is
    affected due to large-scale heat and pressure such as
    mountain building.
    Metamorphic textures

    1. Foliated texture results in the mineral


    alignment perpendicular to the
    compressional force and usually gives the
    rock a layered or banded appearance.
    Common Foliated metamorphic rocks:
    •Gneiss
    • Slate •Mica Schist (Banded
    appearance)
    2. Non-bliated texture contains equidimensional
    crystals and resembles a coarse- grained igneous
    rock. Examples of non-bliated rocks are the
    following:
    • Marble • Quartzite

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