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MCUXpresso IDE FreeRTOS Debug Guide

This document provides information about thread-aware debugging of FreeRTOS applications in MCUXpresso IDE. It describes the required source code changes to enable thread-aware debugging using LinkServer debug probes. It also outlines the various FreeRTOS-specific debug views available in MCUXpresso IDE, including task list, notifications, queues, timers and heap usage views. Finally, it notes that thread-aware debugging is also supported with other debug probes like PEmicro and SEGGER J-Link.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
332 views21 pages

MCUXpresso IDE FreeRTOS Debug Guide

This document provides information about thread-aware debugging of FreeRTOS applications in MCUXpresso IDE. It describes the required source code changes to enable thread-aware debugging using LinkServer debug probes. It also outlines the various FreeRTOS-specific debug views available in MCUXpresso IDE, including task list, notifications, queues, timers and heap usage views. Finally, it notes that thread-aware debugging is also supported with other debug probes like PEmicro and SEGGER J-Link.

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MCUXpresso IDE FreeRTOS

Debug Guide
Rev. 11.5.0 — 11 January, 2022 User guide
NXP Semiconductors MCUXpresso IDE FreeRTOS Debug Guide

11 January, 2022

Copyright © 2022 NXP Semiconductors

All rights reserved.

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User Guide Rev. 11.5.0 — 11 January, 2022 ii


NXP Semiconductors MCUXpresso IDE FreeRTOS Debug Guide

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1
2. LinkServer FreeRTOS Thread Aware Debugging ........................................................... 2
2.1. Behavior when thread aware debugging ............................................................. 4
2.2. Required Source Code Changes ........................................................................ 5
2.2.1. Modify – File tasks.c ................................................................................ 5
2.2.2. Modify – File FreeRTOSConfig.h ................................................................... 5
2.2.3. Create – New File freertos_tasks_c_additions.h ........................................... 6
2.3. Detection and placement of FreeRTOS Debug Config block ................................. 6
2.3.1. Debugger Messages ............................................................................... 6
2.3.2. Placement of Config block ....................................................................... 7
2.4. Switching between all-stop and non-stop debug modes ....................................... 8
3. FreeRTOS Task Aware Debug Views ........................................................................... 9
3.1. Showing the FreeRTOS TAD Views ................................................................... 9
3.2. Task List View ................................................................................................... 9
3.3. Task Notifications View .................................................................................... 10
3.4. Queue List View .............................................................................................. 12
3.5. Timer List View ................................................................................................ 13
3.6. Heap Usage View ............................................................................................ 14
3.6.1. Memory Scheme in Use ........................................................................ 14
3.6.2. Heap Usage View Functionality ............................................................. 14
3.7. Timeouts ......................................................................................................... 15
4. Thread Aware Debugging with Other Debug Probes ..................................................... 16
4.1. PEmicro Probes ............................................................................................... 16
4.2. SEGGER J-Link Probes ................................................................................... 16
5. Legal information ........................................................................................................ 18

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1. Introduction
Many of the examples provided as part of MCUXpresso SDK and LPCOpen packages are built
around the FreeRTOS real time operating system. FreeRTOS is also a popular choice when
developing MCU software applications for real products.

For more information on FreeRTOS please visit http://www.freertos.org

This guide examines some of the functionality included in MCUXpresso IDE to assist you
in debugging applications built around FreeRTOS. It does not provide any information on
FreeRTOS itself or on developing applications that use FreeRTOS.

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2. LinkServer FreeRTOS Thread Aware Debugging


When debugging via LinkServer debug probes, the MCUXpresso IDE debugger can provide
FreeRTOS thread aware debug if :
1. Minor modifications are made to the application, so that configuration information required by
the debugger is present in the image file.
2. Debugging is carried out in All-Stop mode (rather than the default Non-Stop mode). This
selection is made when first making a debug connection for a particular project (or after
deleting an existing launch configuration). For more details, please see the MCUXpresso IDE
User Guide.

The source code modifications required are described in Required Source Code
Changes [5].

Note: Example projects supplied as part of MCUXpresso IDE compatible SDK packages should
already have had these changes made to them.

Without these changes, or if Non-Stop debug mode is used, only the current thread will be seen
in the Debug View, as shown in the below screenshot:

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However, once the necessary changes are made to the application source, and All-Stop debug
mode is used, the Debug View will display each thread separately, as shown in the next
screenshot:

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2.1 Behavior when thread aware debugging


MCUXpresso IDE LinkServer FreeRTOS thread aware debugging is available once the
FreeRTOS scheduler has started (so will not appear straight after loading the application when
the default breakpoint on main() is reached). Debug works in stop mode. In other words, if
execution of a user task is halted either through a user action (halt) or a debug event (breakpoint,
watchpoint, fault, etc.), the stopped thread is current and no application thread executes in
the background. The register context for any thread is available in the register window. For
suspended or blocked threads, the register context is the context in effect when the thread was
swapped out, regardless of which thread stack level is examined within the traceback window.

In the below example, the MCU is halted in Thread #6, but a backtrace for Thread #1 is also
opened up (and backtrace information for Threads #7, #8, and #9 is also available):

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2.2 Required Source Code Changes


MCUXpresso IDE debug is implemented via a GDB remote console application (i.e. a stub). A
“remote debug stub” underneath GDB has access to symbolic information (through GDB), but
has no direct knowledge of symbol data types. Thread aware debug for FreeRTOS requires
16 bytes of configuration data (symbol FreeRTOSDebugConfig) be added to the application to
describe the as-built kernel configuration for a given FreeRTOS project.

The following notes describe the FreeRTOS project modifications required to enable thread
aware debug.

Note: Example projects supplied as part of MCUXpresso IDE compatible SDK packages should
already have had these changes made to them. And future releases of FreeRTOS are also
expected to include the same changes. Thus these changes are generally only required for LPC
preinstalled parts with LPCOpen FreeRTOS using projects.

2.2.1 Modify – File tasks.c


The MCUXpresso IDE FreeRTOS thread aware debug requires the addition of the following
conditional include, and function definition, to the end of the tasks.c source file. This code can be
placed after the FREERTOS_MODULE_TEST conditional include, if it exists:

#if ( configINCLUDE_FREERTOS_TASK_C_ADDITIONS_H == 1 )
#include "freertos_tasks_c_additions.h"
static void freertos_tasks_c_additions_init( void )
{
#ifdef FREERTOS_TASKS_C_ADDITIONS_INIT
FREERTOS_TASKS_C_ADDITIONS_INIT();
#endif
}
#endif

Note that the function freertos_tasks_c_additions_init() will be called by vTaskStartScheduler() in


future releases of FreeRTOS, but is not currently used by the MCUXpresso IDE.

2.2.2 Modify – File FreeRTOSConfig.h


The FreeRTOSConfig.h header file is included in the FreeRTOS source distribution. To enable a
FreeRTOS project for thread aware debug, add the following macro definition to this file:

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#define configINCLUDE_FREERTOS_TASK_C_ADDITIONS_H 1

Next, ensure the configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY macro is set to 1.

#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY 1

2.2.3 Create – New File freertos_tasks_c_additions.h


A copy of this file can also be found within the MCUXpresso IDE product installation at:

<install dir>/ide/Examples/Misc

For convenience, the freertos_tasks_c_additions.h header file can be placed in the same folder as
the FreeRTOSConfig.h header file.

There is also one edit to freertos_tasks_c_additions.h itself that may be required for a particular
FreeRTOS project configuration. The macro configFRTOS_MEMORY_SCHEME describes the project heap
mechanism using a value 1 – 5 according to the following:

1. heap_1 : The very simplest; does not permit memory to be freed


2. heap_2 : Permits memory to be freed, but not does coalesce adjacent free blocks
3. heap_3 : Simply wraps the standard malloc() and free() for thread safety
4. heap_4 : Coalesces adjacent free blocks to avoid fragmentation. Includes absolute address
placement option
5. heap_5 : As per heap_4, with the ability to span the heap across multiple non-adjacent
memory areas

Note: Future versions of FreeRTOS may incorporate the configFRTOS_MEMORY_SCHEME macro as a


configuration parameter in FreeRTOSConfig.h.

2.3 Detection and placement of FreeRTOS Debug Config block

2.3.1 Debugger Messages


LinkServer FreeRTOS Thread Aware Debugging requires that a data block containing the
configuration information required by the debugger is present in the image. It also requires that
the debug session is carried out in All-Stop mode.

If both of these criteria are met, then when you start your debug session, confirmation that
LinkServer FreeRTOS Thread Aware Debugging is active is recorded in the “Debug Messages”
log inside the IDE’s Console view:

...
GDB nonstop mode disabled (using allstop mode)
FreeRTOS stack backtrace is enabled
...

as shown in the screenshot below:

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If the image is debugged in Non-Stop mode, then the log will indicate that thread aware debugging
will not be available:

...
GDB nonstop mode enabled
FreeRTOS stack backtrace is disabled in Non-stop mode (use All-stop)
...

If the image does not contain the FreeRTOS Debug Config block, at all, then this section of the
Debug Messages log will make no reference to FreeRTOS thread awareness:

...
GDB nonstop mode enabled
...

or

...
GDB nonstop mode disabled (using allstop mode)
...

2.3.2 Placement of Config block


In MCUXpresso IDE v11.1.0 and later, the IDE’s managed linker script mechanism will now
attempt to ensure that the FreeRTOS Debug Config block is more reliably placed into the image
by explicitly keeping the .rodata* sections from the FreeRTOS tasks.c file (actually pulled in from
the freertos_tasks_c_additions.h file).

This is done in the freertos_debugconfig.ldt linker script template file, which attempts to determine
if the project is a FreeRTOS-using one . This is done based on the FreeRTOS component being
included in the project (for SDK-based projects,) or from the pathname (for non-SDK projects,
based on pre-installed parts).

This will cause a FreeRTOS line, similar to the one in the following snippet, to be placed in the
main generated linker script (.ld) file inside your project’s Debug (or Release) folder:

.text : ALIGN(4)
{
*(.text*)
KEEP(*freertos*/tasks.o(.rodata*)) /* FreeRTOS Debug Config */
*(.rodata .rodata.* .constdata .constdata.*)
. = ALIGN(4);

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} > PRPROGRAM_FLASH

If this FreeRTOS check within the managed linker script mechanism fails for some reason, then
you can force the inclusion of the FreeRTOS Debug Config in your project by adding a folder to
root directory of your project called “linkscripts” and adding a file to it called “user.ldt” containing
the following:

<#assign force_freertos=true>

For more details of linker script template files, please see the MCUXpresso IDE User Guide.

2.4 Switching between all-stop and non-stop debug modes


When debugging a project for the first time using a LinkServer debug connection (or when you
have deleted any existing launch configuration files), you can select whether to debug in Non-
Stop or All-Stop mode (so that you can choose whether or not you wish to use FreeRTOS thread
awareness).

However, you can also easily modify an existing launch configuration file to switch between All-
Stop and Non-Stop as follows.

• Open the project up in the Project Explorer view and double click on the appropriate launch
configuration file (typically “projname LinkServer Debug.launch”)
• Switch to the GDB Debugger tab
• Tick / Untick the " Non-Stop mode" option, as required.
• Click on Apply to save, then Continue

Any further debug sessions of your project will now use the newly selected debug mode.

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3. FreeRTOS Task Aware Debug Views


MCUXpresso IDE includes several additional Views to further simplify FreeRTOS application
debugging, known collectively as the FreeRTOS TAD (Task Aware Debugger for GDB):
• Task List : shows list of tasks with status information
• Task Notifications : shows details about task notifications
• Queue List : shows currently active queues, semaphore, and mutex
• Timer List : lists the RTOS software timers
• Heap Usage : shows current heap usage and memory block allocation

Note: These Views are independent of the debug probe being used, as they just use GDB
commands to receive information from the target.

3.1 Showing the FreeRTOS TAD Views


The FreeRTOS Views can be opened using the “FreeRTOS” main menu in the MCUXpresso IDE.

The Views are “stop mode” Views: with the target halted or stopped, the Views will query the
device under debug and read the necessary information through the debug connection.

This will also happen during single stepping, so to improve stepping performance it is advisable
to:

1. Only have the needed Views in the foreground/visible, or close the Views if they are not used.
2. Make use of the Pause View feature, allowing you to single step without the Views constantly
reloading data.

3.2 Task List View


This View shows the tasks in a table:

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TCB#

• Task Control Block. configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY needs to be set to 1

Task Name

• Name of task. configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN needs to be greater than zero

Task Handle

• Address of the task handle

Task State

• Current task state: blocked, running, ready

Priority

• Task base priority and current task priority

Stack Usage

• Graphical view of current stack usage, with current allocation and stack size available to the
task

Event Object

• Lists the object a blocked task is waiting for. Use vQueueAddToRegistry() to assign a symbolic
name to semaphore, mutex, and queues with configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE greater than zero

Runtime

• Task runtime with percentage value. Both configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY and


configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS need to be set to 1

Unfolding a task line item shows the following items:

Stack base

• Stack start address

Stack Top

• Stack end address

Stack High Water Mark

• Highest address used by stack at task context switch time

3.3 Task Notifications View


The View shows information about task notifications, comprising available tasks and actual
notifications data as depicted in the picture below:

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A double-level table helps finding the information about notifications on each task. The top
level table shows the list of tasks and summarized details about task notifications, whereas the
secondary table lists each notification entry, indicating state and actual data decoded in several
formats.

TCB#

• Task Control Block. configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY needs to be set to 1

Task Name

• Name of task. configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN needs to be greater than zero

Task Handle

• Address of the task handle

# Received

• Number of notifications received by task

# Waiting

• Number of notifications the task is waiting for

Waiting for...
• The notification indexes the task is waiting for

By selecting an entry from the top level table, the secondary table will show the actual array of
notification entries. The number of items match the value of configTASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES
in FreeRTOS V10.4.0 and newer versions, or it is a single element otherwise.

The columns of the secondary table represent the following:

• Index of notification entry

Address

• Address of notification entry

State

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• State of the notification entry (waiting / pending, received, not waiting)

Data [DEC]

• Notification’s value, decimal representation

Data [HEX]

• Notification’s value, hexadecimal representation

Data [BIN]
• Notification’s value, binary representation

Data [ASCII]

• Notification’s value, ASCII representation

3.4 Queue List View


This View shows the queues, semaphore, and mutex in a table:

The meanings of the columns are as follows.

• Number of queue

Queue Name

• Name of queue. Use configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE greater than zero and vQueueAddToRegistry() to


assign a name to a queue, semaphore, or mutex

Address

• Address of queue handle

Length

• Length of queue. The first number indicates the number of elements in the queue, followed by
the maximum number of elements possible

Item Size

• Size of an individual element in the queue

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# Tx Waiting

• Number of tasks waiting on a queue until it is not empty

# Rx Waiting
• Number of tasks waiting until an element is placed into the queue

Queue Type

• Type of queue, either Queue, semaphore, or mutex

Unfolding a queue line item shows the following information:

Head

• Address of queue head item (first item in the queue)

Tail

• Address of queue tail item (last item in the queue)

Read from

• Address of current reading element

Write to

• Address of next empty item in the queue

Clicking on an element in the queue shows details about it.

3.5 Timer List View


This View shows the software timers in a table:

ID

• ID of timer, assigned by vTimerSetTimerID().

Timer Name
• Name of timer

Period (ticks)

• Period of timer in ticks

Auto reload?

• Whether the timer is automatically restarted after expiration

Timer Number

• Number of timer

Timer callback

• Address and name of callback function

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3.6 Heap Usage View


This View provides information about the heap memory used.

3.6.1 Memory Scheme in Use


The Heap Usage View determines the used memory scheme (heap type) from:

1. The value of the configFRTOS_MEMORY_SCHEME in the FreeRTOSDebugConfig structure (as described in


Required Source Code Changes [5] above)
2. Else, the value of the user-defined variable freeRTOSMemoryScheme
3. Else from the details contained in the available FreeRTOS heap related variables ( ucHeap,
xHeapStructSize and heapSTRUCT_SIZE).

If the freeRTOSMemoryScheme variable is to be used, then this can be defined as follows, but you must
ensure that there is a reference to this symbol, so that it is not removed by the linker.

static const uint8_t freeRTOSMemoryScheme = 2; /* memory scheme 2 used */

3.6.2 Heap Usage View Functionality


The Heap Usage View provides the following information.

Type

• Memory scheme number

Heap Base

• Start address of heap

Heap End

• End address of the heap memory

Heap Usage

• Amount of memory used with the total amount of memory

Free Space

• Amount of free memory with percentage

Heap Usage Graph

• Graphical view of percentage used

In the lower part of the View there is information about the heap memory blocks:

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• Block number

Details
• Allocated, Free or the Task Stack or Task TCB

Block Start

• Start address of memory

Block End

• End address of memory

Size

• Size of memory

3.7 Timeouts
When using slow debug probes such as the OpenSDA debug probes fitted to many FRDM
boards, it is possible that timeouts will be reported within the IDE.

The timeout period can be extended if this occurs using the Workspace preference as shown
below:

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4. Thread Aware Debugging with Other Debug Probes


4.1 PEmicro Probes
FreeRTOS thread aware debugging with PEmicro debug probes is automatically supported
without any special option.

However on odd occasions this can cause problems and it is possible to turn it off using the
launch configuration server parameter:

-kernel=none

4.2 SEGGER J-Link Probes


FreeRTOS thread aware debugging for SEGGER J-Link debug probes is disabled by default.

To turn it on, enable the “Select RTOS plugin” option for “GDBServer/RTOSPlugin_FreeRTOS”
in the J-Link Launch Configuration for your project:

Alternatively, this default can be changed for new launch configurations via an IDE Workspace
J-Link preference as show below:

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5. Legal information
Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to
use NXP products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to
design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this
document.

NXP makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for
any particular purpose, nor does NXP assume any liability arising out of the application or use of
any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation
consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters that may be provided in NXP data
sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications, and actual performance
may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals”, must be validated for
each customer application by customer’s technical experts. NXP does not convey any license
under its patent rights nor the rights of others. NXP sells products pursuant to standard terms
and conditions of sale, which can be found at the following address: https://www.nxp.com/
SalesTermsandCondition.

While NXP has implemented advanced security features, all products may be subject to
unidentified vulnerabilities. Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their
applications and products to reduce the effect of these vulnerabilities on customer’s applications
and products, and NXP accepts no liability for any vulnerability that is discovered. Customers
should implement appropriate design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated
with their applications and products.

NXP, the NXP logo, Freescale, the Freescale logo, Kinetis and Tower are trademarks of NXP
B.V.

Arm, Cortex, Thumb, TrustZone, Mbed, Keil, CoreSight are registered trademarks of Arm Limited
(or its subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere. Microsoft, Azure ThreadX are trademarks of the
Microsoft group of companies. FreeRTOS™ and FreeRTOS.org™ are trade marks of Amazon
Web Services, Inc. SEGGER Embedded Studio is a trademark of SEGGER Microcontroller
GmbH. J-Link is a trademark of SEGGER MICROCONTROLLER GMBH & CO. KG IAR
trademark is owned by IAR Systems AB. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks
of Oracle Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Linux is the registered
trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark
of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Eclipse, CDT are trademarks of
Eclipse Foundation, Inc.

© NXP B.V. 2016-2022. All rights reserved.

How To Reach Us:

Home Page: https://www.nxp.com

Web Support: https://www.nxp.com/support

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