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Database Management System

A database management system (DBMS) manages interaction between end users and a database. It allows for efficient and effective management of very large amounts of structured data. A DBMS supports concurrent access to data, enforces data integrity and security, and hides the complexities of the database model from users. It provides tools for defining, accessing, and modifying databases.

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36 views

Database Management System

A database management system (DBMS) manages interaction between end users and a database. It allows for efficient and effective management of very large amounts of structured data. A DBMS supports concurrent access to data, enforces data integrity and security, and hides the complexities of the database model from users. It provides tools for defining, accessing, and modifying databases.

Uploaded by

pisabandmut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management System

Gyaneshwar Bohara

Database Management System | BoharaG 1


Database: What
• Database
• is collection of related data and its metadata organized in a structured format
• for optimized information management

• Database Management System (DBMS)


• is a software that enables easy creation, access, and modification of databases
• for efficient and effective database management

• Database System
• is an integrated system of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data
• that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database
environment

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What is a Database Management System?
1. Manages very large amounts of data.
2. Supports efficient access to very large amounts of data.
3. Supports concurrent access to very large amounts of
data.
• Example: bank and its ATM machines.
4. Supports secure, atomic access to very large amounts
of data.
• Contrast two people editing the same UNIX file – last to write
“wins” – with the problem if two people deduct money from
the same account via ATM machines at the same time – new
balance is wrong whichever writes last.

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Database Management System
- manages interaction between end users and database

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management: Rob & Coronel

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Database: Why
• Purpose of Database
• Optimizes data management
• Transforms data into information
• Importance of Database Design
• Defines the database’s expected use
• different approach needed for different types of databases
• Avoid data redundancy & ensure data integrity
• data is accurate and verifiable
• Poorly designed database generates errors
• leads to bad decisions
• can lead to failure of organization

• Functions of DBMS/Database System


• Stores data and related data entry forms, report definitions, etc.
• Hides the complexities of relational database model from the user
• facilitates the construction/definition of data elements and their relationships
• enables data transformation and presentation
• Enforces data integrity
• Implements data security management
• access, privacy, backup & restoration

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• DBMS tasks:
• Managing large quantity of structured data
• Efficient retrieval and modification: query processing and optimization
• Sharing data: multiple users use and manipulate data
• Controlling the access to data: maintaining the data integrity
• An example of a database (relational):
• Relations (tables)
• Attributes (columns)
• Tuples (rows)
• Example query: Salesperson='Mary' AND Price>100.

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Why Study Databases?
• Databases have incredible value to businesses.
• Very important technology for supporting operations.
• Vastly superior to file processing systems
• Businesses cannot survive without quality data about their
• internal operations and
• external environment.

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Foundation Data Concepts
Abstract Concepts
• Entity – person, place, object or event

– stored as a record or a table row

• Attribute – characteristic of an entity

– stored as field or table column

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Foundation Data Concepts
Large
Database Concepts
• Database – a collection of related tables
• Tables – a collection of related records
– collection of related entities
• Record – collection of fields (table row)
–represents an entity
• Field – collection of characters (table column)
– represents an attribute
• Character – single alphabetic, numeric or other symbol
Small

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Fields
• Characters “BOHARA” form a field

Last Name
Bohara
• A field is an attribute of an entity

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Records
• A bunch of fields form a record

First Name Last Name Gender Age


Gyaneshwar Bohara Male 31
• A record is an entity

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Tables
• A bunch of records forms a table

First Name Last Name Gender Age


Eric Breimer M 30
Jeff Albert M 22
Jackie Pizzo F 21
• A table is a group of related entities

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Databases
• A bunch of tables form a database

Customer Table Order Table

Product Table

• A database can represent a single business or an entire market

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Databases
• But, databases are not just a bunch of tables
Orders
OID CID PID Quantity
001 508 199 500,000
002 508 201 2
003 510 201 1

Customers Products
CID FName LName Address PID Description Cost
508 Eric Breimer ... 199 Viagra $45.99
509 Andrew Zych ... 200 Tooth Paste $2.58
510 Greg Smith ... 201 Hair Gel $5.99

• A database also includes relationships between the


different tables
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Find the name and hire date of the manager working on the sales manual
project
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Traditional File Processing Sucks
File Processing:
• Data is organized, stored, and processed in independent files of data
records

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Problems of
File Processing
• Data Redundancy –
• duplicate data requires
update to many files

• Lack of Integration –
• data stored in
separate files
hard to combine data

• Data Dependence –
• changing the file format requires changing the program…
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Database Management Approach
• Consolidates data records into one CENTRAL database that can be
accessed by many different application programs.

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DBMS Software Components
• Database Definition
• Language and graphical tools to define entities, relationships, integrity
constraints, and authorization rights
• Application Development
• Graphical tools to develop menus, data entry forms, and reports

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DBMS Software Components
• Transaction Processing
• Controls to prevent interference from simultaneous users and
• Controls to recover lost data after a failure
• Database Tuning
• Tools to monitor and improve database performance

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Database Interrogation
Definition:
• Capability of a DBMS to report information from the database in
response to end users’ requests

• Query Language – allows easy, immediate access to ad hoc data


requests

• Report Generator - allows quick, easy specification of a report format


for information users have requested

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Natural Language vs. SQL Queries

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Some DBMS Softwares
• Oracle RDBMS
• Microsoft SQL Server
• IBM DB2
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• Microsoft Access
• MariaDB
• SQLite

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