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Platform Technology

This document discusses different types of threads, including user level threads, kernel level threads, and a combined approach. User level threads are managed entirely by applications, while kernel level threads are managed by the operating system kernel. A combined approach allows multiple threads within an application to run in parallel on multiple processors, without blocking on system calls.

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Jeanette Pavo Trinidad
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12 views7 pages

Platform Technology

This document discusses different types of threads, including user level threads, kernel level threads, and a combined approach. User level threads are managed entirely by applications, while kernel level threads are managed by the operating system kernel. A combined approach allows multiple threads within an application to run in parallel on multiple processors, without blocking on system calls.

Uploaded by

Jeanette Pavo Trinidad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF

THREADS
START
USER LEVEL THREADS

A user thread is an entity


used by programmers to
handle multiple flows of
controls within a program.

All thread management is


done by the application
ADVANTAGES OF USER LEVEL THREADS
1. THREAD SWITCHING DOES NOT REQUIRE KERNEL-MODE
PRIVILEGES SINCE THE OVERALL THREAD DATA
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE IS WITHIN THE USER ADDRESS
SPACE OF A SINGLE PROCESS. THUS, SAVES THE OVERHEAD
OF TWO (2) MODE SWITCHES.
2. SCHEDULING CAN BE APPLICATION-SPECIFIC. THE
SCHEDULING ALGORITHM CAN BE TAILORED FOR THE
APPLICATION WITHOUT DISTURBING THE OPERATING
SYSTEM SCHEDULER.
3. USER-LEVEL THREADS CAN RUN ON ANY OPERATING
SYSTEM. THERE ARE NO CHANGES REQUIRED TO THE
UNDERLYING KERNEL IN ORDER TO SUPPORT USERLEVEL
THREADS.
KERNEL- LEVEL THREADS

all thread management is


performed by the operating
system's kernel.
maintains the context
information for the processINSTRUCTION
as a whole and for the
individual threads within the
process.
ADVANTAGES OF KERNEL LEVEL THREADS
1. ⦁ THE KERNEL CAN SIMULTANEOUSLY
SCHEDULE MULTIPLE THREADS FROM THE
SAME PROCESS ON MULTIPLE PROCESSORS.
2. ⦁ IF ONE THREAD IN A PROCESS IS
BLOCKED, THE KERNEL CAN SCHEDULE
ANOTHER THREAD FROM THE SAME
PROCESS.
3. ⦁ THE KERNEL ROUTINES THEMSELVES CAN
BE MULTITHREADED.
COMBINED USER-LEVEL AND KERNEL-LEVEL APPROACH

multiple threads within the same


application can run in parallel on
multiple processors, and a blocking
system call does not block the
entire process.
If properly designed, the combined
INSTRUCTION
approach should also combine the
advantages of the pure user-level
threads and the kernel-level
threads.
The Solaris is a good example of an
operating system that implements
the combined approach.
THANKS FOR
LISTENING!
END

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