2ndLE Lecture 23 and Recit Review - R9 Rotational Kinematics

Lecture 22: Rotational Kinematics
Objectives
1. Distinguish rotational and translational quantities.
2. Apply the rotational kinematic relations in rotating
objects.
3. Relate the equations of rotational and translational
quantities.
A steel ball with mass 40.0g is dropped from a height of
2.00m onto a horizontal steel slab, the ball is in contact
with the slab for 2.00ms; then the ball rebounds to a
height of 1.60m. Calculate the (i) impulse delivered to the
ball and (ii) the average force in the ball during impact.
Spheres A (0.020kg), B (0.030kg) and C (0.050kg) are
approaching the origin as they slide on a frictionless air
table. The initial velocities of A and B are given in the
figure. All three spheres arrive at the origin at the same
time and stick together.
What must be the x- and y-components of the initial
velocity of C be if all three objects are to end up moving at
0.50m/s in the +x direction?
Rotation of rigid bodies
Neglect deformations
Rigid body Perfectly definite and
unchanging size and shape
Sweeping at an angular
distance
About a fixed stationary axis
(Axis at rest in some inertial frame of
reference)
Convention:
Counterclockwise: 𝜃 > 0
Clockwise: 𝜃 < 0
They sweep the same amount of angle for any given time. 6
Comparing translational and rotational motions
Translation Rotation
Motion defined by Motion defined by

𝒙 𝜽
Motion to the Left Clockwise rotation
𝒙<𝟎 𝜽<𝟎
Motion to the Right Counterclockwise rotation
𝒙>𝟎 𝜽>𝟎
7
Angular coordinate, 𝜽
Specifies the rotational position of a rigid body at a
given instant (unit: radians “rad”)
𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒔
𝜽= =
𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 𝒓
Radians
Angle subtended at the center of circle by an arc with
a length equal to the radius of the circle (s = r )
To convert:
1rev  2rad
1rpm  0.1047rad / s
rad  180
Kinematics of a rotating body
Use the same form of kinematics equations for
uniform acceleration linear motion (1D)
Replace translational variables (𝑥, 𝑣𝑥 , 𝑎𝑥 ) with

angular ones 𝜃, 𝜔, 𝛼 :
Position 𝒙  Angle 𝜽
Velocity 𝒗𝒙  Angular velocity 𝝎
Acceleration 𝒂𝒙  Angular acceleration 𝜶
9
Direction of vector quantities
Curl (right hand) fingers to direction of rotation, thumb
points to direction of angular quantity
10
Recall: Angular velocity (rad/s)
Average angular velocity
Δ𝜃 𝜃2 − 𝜃1
𝜔av−z = =
Δ𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
Instantaneous angular velocity

Δ𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜔z = lim 𝜔av−z = lim =
∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡→0 Δ𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Angular speed is the magnitude of angular velocity.
All points have the same 𝝎.

11
Sample Problem 1: Calculating angular velocity
The angular position θ of the flywheel is given by:

𝜃 = (2.0𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 3 )𝑡 3
The diameter of the flywheel is 0.36m.
(a) Find the angle θ, in radians and in degrees, at times

t1 = 2.0s and t2 = 5.0s.
(b) Find the distance that a particle on the rim moves
during that time interval.
(c) Find the average angular velocity, in rad/s and in
rev/s between t1 = 2.0s and t2 = 5.0s.
(d) Find the instantaneous angular velocity at time t =
t2 = 5.0s
Given:
t1 = 2.0s (a) Substitute the values of time t into the given
t2 = 5.0s 3 3
equation: 𝜃 = (2.0𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 )𝑡
(b) The flywheel turns through an angular displacement of

Δθ = θ2 – θ1 = 250rad – 16rad = 234rad. Since the diameter is
0.36m, r = 0.18m. The distance traveled is therefore:
(c) The angular velocity:
(d) The instantaneous angular velocity at t = 5.00s

Angular acceleration (rad/s2)
Average angular acceleration
Δ𝜔𝑧 𝜔2𝑧 − 𝜔1𝑧
𝛼av−z = =
Δ𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
Instantaneous angular acceleration
Δ𝜔𝑧 𝑑𝜔𝑧 𝑑2 𝜃
𝛼z = lim 𝛼av−z = lim = = 2
∆𝑡→0 ∆𝑡→0 Δ𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Relative directions:
Same direction, speeding up
Different directions, slowing down
15
Sample problem 2: Calculating the angular acceleration
Using the instantaneous angular velocity of the flywheel
𝜔𝑧 = (6.0𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 3 )𝑡 2
(a) Find the average angular acceleration between

t1 = 2.0s and t2 = 5.0s.
(b) Find the instantaneous angular acceleration at time
t2 = 5.0s
(a) Using the equation for instantaneous angular velocity for
time 2.0s and 5.0s:
We will use this to solve for the average angular acceleration:
(b) The instantaneous acceleration at time t = 5.0s is:

Summary: Comparing translational & rotational motion
Translation Rotation
Displacement Angular displacement
𝒔 = ∆𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 ∆𝜽 = 𝜽 − 𝜽𝟎
Average velocity Average velocity
𝒗av−x = ∆𝒙 ∆𝒕 𝝎av−𝒛 = ∆𝜽 ∆𝒕
Instantaneous velocity Instantaneous velocity
𝒗𝒙 = 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝝎𝒙 = 𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝒕
Uniform motion Uniform motion
𝒗 = 𝒗av 𝝎 = 𝝎av
Linear and tangential displacement: s  r Note: we will
Linear speed to angular speed: v  r solve more sample
problems tomorrow
Linear and angular acceleration: a  r
Seatwork January 6, 2014
1. Blah?
- solve problems in your
notebooks 2. Blah blah!
- write the answers only in
3. Blah blah blah!
your bluebook
- indicate the date 4. Blah blah blah blah!
19
Seatwork (last meeting: 3/12)
3. Is it possible for two blocks to collide inelastically in such a
way that the kinetic energy after the collision is zero? YES!
4-5. A 12.0-g rifle bullet is fired with a speed of 380m/s into
a ballistic pendulum with mass 6.00kg, suspended from a
cord 70.0cm long. What is the velocity of just after collision?
What is the vertical height through with the pendulum rises?
mB v1  (mB  mW )v2 v2  0.758m / s

Conservation of energy applied to the motion after condition:
1
(mB  mW )v2  (mB  mW ) gh
2
2
gives
v22
h  0.0293m
2g
1 and 2 Multiple choice (a to f)
1. A ladybug sits at the outer edge of a merry-go-round that is
turning and slowing down. At the instant shown in the figure.
What is the direction of her angular velocity?
2. A ladybug sits at the outer edge of a merry-go-round that is
turning and slowing down. At the instant shown in the figure.
What is the direction of her angular acceleration?
a. Along the +𝑥-direction
b. Along the −𝑥-direction
c. Along the +𝑦-direction
d. Along the – 𝑦-direction
e. Along the +𝑧-direction
f. Along the – 𝑧-direction
21
3 and 4: Multiple choice (a to c, there could be more
than 1 correct answer)
The figure shows a graph of ωz and αz versus time for a
particular rotating body.
SW 3: During which time intervals is the rotating body
speeding up?
(a) 0 < t < 2s
(b) 2s < t < 4s
(c) 4s < t < 6s
SW4: During which time is
the rotation slowing down?
(a) 0 < t < 2s
(b) 2s < t < 4s
(c) 4s < t < 6s

2ndLE Lecture 23 and Recit Review - R9 Rotational Kinematics

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2ndLE Lecture 23 and Recit Review - R9 Rotational Kinematics

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Lecture 22: Rotational Kinematics

Motion defined by Motion defined by

Replace translational variables (𝑥, 𝑣𝑥 , 𝑎𝑥 ) with

Instantaneous angular velocity

Angular speed is the magnitude of angular velocity.

All points have the same 𝝎.

The angular position θ of the flywheel is given by:

(a) Find the angle θ, in radians and in degrees, at times

(b) The flywheel turns through an angular displacement of

(d) The instantaneous angular velocity at t = 5.00s

(a) Find the average angular acceleration between

We will use this to solve for the average angular acceleration:

(b) The instantaneous acceleration at time t = 5.0s is:

mB v1  (mB  mW )v2 v2  0.758m / s

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