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Assignment - 03 (Solution)
LS Coupling and JJ Coupling

Solution 1: For 3 p3d configuration

s1  1 2, s2  1 2  S  0,1

l1  1, l2  2  L  1, 2,3

Now, S  0, L  2,  J  2 Term  1 D2

S  0, L  3,  J  3 Term  1 F3

S  1, L  1,  J  0,1, 2 Terms  3 P0,1,2

S  1, L  2,  J  1, 2,3 Terms  3D1,2,3

S  1, L  3,  J  2,3, 4 Terms  3F2,3,4

Energy order, 3F2  3F3  3F4  3D1  3D2  3D3  3P0  3P1  3P2  1F3  1D2  1P1

Solution 2: C : 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 2
The optical electrons are in 2 p orbit

For p2 : s1  1/ 2, s2  1/ 2  S  1,0

l1  1, l2  1 L  2,1, 0

For equivalent electrons

S  0, L  0 : J  0  Term  1S0

S  0, L  2 : J  2  Term  1D2

and, S  1, L  1: J  0,1, 2  Term  3P0 , 3P1, 3P2

Energy order, 3P0  3P1  3P2  1D2  1S0

Solution 3: For d 2 : s1  1/ 2, s2  1/ 2  S  1, 0

l1  2, l2  2  L  0,1, 2,3, 4

 S  0, L  0, J  0  Term  1S 0

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S  0, L  2, J  2  Term  1D2

S  0, L  4, J  4  Term  1G4

and, S  1, L  1: J  0,1, 2  Terms  3P0,1,2

S  1, L  3, J  2,3, 4  Terms  3 F2,3,4

Energy order, 3 F2  3F3  3F4  3P0  3P1  3P2  1 G4  1D2  1 S0

Solution 4:
(i) For, d 1 : s  1/ 2, l  2  J  3/ 2,5 / 2
For less than halt filled shell, the state with lowest J has lowest energy
 Ground State  2 S 1 LS  2D3/ 2

(ii) For d 2 M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  1
The highest L  3  J  2,3, 4
For less than halt filled shell, the state with lowest J has lowest energy
 Ground state  3 F2

M L  2 1 0 1 2
(iii) For d 3
The highest S  3/ 2
The highest L  3
The Lowest J  3/ 2  Ground state  4F3/ 2

(iv) For d 4 : M L  2 1 0 1

The highest S  2
The highest L  2

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The Lowest J  0  Ground state  5 D0

(v) For d 5 : M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  5/ 2
The highest L  0
The Lowest J  5/ 2  The Ground state  6 S5 / 2

(vi) For d 6 : M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  2
The highest L  2
The Lowest J  4  The Ground state  5 D4

(vii) For d 7 : M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  3/ 2
The highest L  3
The Lowest J  9 / 2  The Ground state  4 F9/ 2

(viii) For d 8 : M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  1
The highest L  3
The Lowest J  4  The Ground state  2 F4

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(ix) For d 9 : M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  1/ 2
The highest L  2
The Lowest J  5/ 2  The Ground state  2 D5 / 2

(x) For d 10 : M L  2 1 0 1 2

The highest S  0
The highest L  0
The Lowest J  0  The Ground state  1 S0

Solution 5: (a) For 2 p 3 p configuration

s1  1/ 2, s2  1/ 2 S  0,1

l1  1, l2  1 L  0,1, 2

S  0, L  0 : J  0 Term  1 S0

S  0, L  1: J  1 Term  1P1

S  0, L  2 : J  2 Term  1D2

And, S  1, L  0 : J  1 Term  3S1

S  1, L  1: J  0, 2,3 Term  3 P0,1,2

S  1, L  2 : J  1, 2,3 Term  3D1,2,3

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L0 1
S0
S 0 L 1 2
P1
L2 1
D2
2p 3p
3
L0 S1

3
P2
L 1 3
P1
S 1 3
P0
3
D3
L2 3
Coulomb D2
exchange Coulomb 3
D2
energy repulsive Spin - orbit coupling
energy energy

(b) Selection rules for electric – dipole transitions are

(i) L  0, 1 0 
 0 (ii) S  0

(iii) J  0, 1  0 
 0 (iv) Parity Must Change

Electric dipole transitions do not take place between these spectral terms because they
have the same parity.
(c) If the 3 P1 state considered has odd parity, it can undergo transition to the forbidden
spectral terms.
3
S0 , 3P0,1,2 , 3D2,1

Solution 6: The configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2 p5 can be represented by its complement 1s 2 2s 2 2 p1 in its

coupling with 3 p electron
 For 2 p3 p :
s1  1/ 2, s2  1/ 2 S  0,1

l1  1, l2  1  L  0,1, 2

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The spectroscopic terms are

3
S1 , 3P2,1,0 , 3D3,2,1 , 1S0 , 1P1 and 1D2 .

Solution 7: For, 3d 4 s 2 :
s1  1/ 2, s2  1/ 2, s3  1/ 2  S  1/ 2

l1  2, l2  0, l3  0  L  2

Thus, S  1/ 2, L  2  J  3 2,5 2

Terms, 2 D3/ 2 ,2 D5/ 2

Solution 8: For 2 p 3 p :
l1  1, s1  1/ 2, j1  3/ 2,1/ 2

l2  1, s2  1/ 2, j2  3/ 2,1/ 2

Now, the notation for the coupling states are  j1 , j2 J . When the electron – electrons

interaction takes place all these levels will be spitted.

For, j1  3/ 2, j2  3/ 2 J  0,1, 2,3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
States   j1 , j2  j   ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  , 
 2 2 3  2 2 2  2 2 1  2 2 0
For, j1  3/ 2, j2  1/ 2 J  1, 2

 j1 , j2  j  
3 1  3 1 
,  , , 
 2 2 2  2 2 1
For, j1  1/ 2, j2  3/ 2 J  1, 2

 j1 , j2  j  
3 1  3 1 
,  , , 
 2 2 2  2 2 1
For, j1  1/ 2, j2  3 / 2  J  0, 1

 j1 , j2  j  
1 1  1 1 
,  , , 
 2 2 1  2 2 0

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3 3 3
 , 
2 2 2  3 3 
 , 
1   2 2 3,2,1,0
0 

2 p3 p 3 1
 , 
2 2 2  3 1 
unperturbed  , 
1   2 2 2,1
level
1 1 
 ,  1  1 1 
2 2
 , 
Level due to spin 0  2 2 1,0
Levels due to
orbit interaction
J - J interaction

Solution 9: For the equivalent electrons such as p 2 configuration, the rules are

(i) when j1  j2 , the value of j in  j1 , j2 J is found by the rules for the coupling of

angular momentum.
(ii) when j1  j2 , the allowed values  j1  j2  are given by J  2 j  1, 2 j  3,....

1 1 1
For, p 2 : l1  1, s1   j1  ,
2 2 2
1 3 1
l2  1, s2   j2  ,
2 2 2
3 3
For, j1  , j2   J  3, 2,1, 0
2 2
According to rule (ii), allowed J are 2 and 0

3 3 3 3
 Allowed states are  ,  and  , 
 2 2 2  2 2 0
For, j1  3/ 2, j2  1/ 2 J  2,1

 j1 , j2   
3 3 3 1
,  and  , 
 2 2 2  2 2 1
For j1  1/ 2, j2  1/ 2  J  1, 0

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 j1 , j2   
1 1
, 
 2 2 0

So, for p 2 configuration, the possible states are j  j coupling are

3 3 3 1 1 1 
 ,  ,  ,  and  , 
 2 2 2,0  2 2 2,1  2 2 0

L-S Coupling ˆj - ˆj Coupling

1
S
1
S0 3 3
 , 
 2 2 0 3 3
 , 
3 3  2 2 0,2
 , 
1 1  2 2 2
D D2
3 1
 , 
 2 2 2 3 1
p2 3
P2  ,  p2
 2 2 1,2
3 1
 , 
3 3
P1  2 2 1
P

3
P0
1 1  1 1 
Coulomb  ,   , 
Spin-orbit  2 2 0  2 2 0
repulsions
Coulomb Spin-orbit
repulsion

Solution 10: For ps configuration,

1 1
s1  , s2  and l1  l2  0
2 2
(a) In LS coupling
S  0,1 and L  1

S  0, L  1, J  1 Term  1P1

S  1, L  1, J  0,1, 2 Term  3P0,1,2

(b) In j j coupling
j1  3 / 2,1/ 2 and j2  1/ 2

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3 1
For, j1  , j2  , J  2,1
2 2
3 1 3 1
  j1 , j2 J   ,  ,  , 
 2 2 2  2 2 1
1 1
For, j1  , j2  , J  1, 0
2 2
1 1  1 1 
  j1 , j2 J   ,  , , 
 2 2 1  2 2 0

3 3
 , 
1
P1  2 2 2
3 3
3
P2  , 
 2 2 1
3
P1 1 1 
 , 
3
 2 2 1
P0
1 1 
 , 
 2 2 0

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H.No. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
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