Section 3,5 - Tree and Venn Diagram Purpose: Introduce probability terminology for tree diagrams. Course Objective: Compute the probability of compound events, independent events, disjoint events, as well as conditional probability. ‘Task; Watch the videos to fill in the guided notes, Tree Diagrams ‘A tree diagram is a special type of graph used to determine the outcomes of an experiment. It consists of "__Branches " that are labeled with either frequencies or probabilities, EXAMPLE 3.24 BR se Inanum, there are-11 balls Three balls are red (A) and eight balls are blue (B). Draw two balls, one at a time, (with replecomestWith replacement" means that you put the first ball back in the urn before you select the second ball. The tree diagram using frequencies that show all the possible outcomes follows. 3h. (DRAWITHERE) sh ee FN ek apn 6 Woe __finst draw. second gra, The first set of branches represents the ‘The second set of branches represents the line AR out be written as: Then the nine AR outcomes can be written as: (e «) f, ®) be) b »,) (ets (Fst) (vfs) (Fa f) (Rae) There are a total of 11 balls in the urn. Draw two balls, one at a time, with replacement. There are__ C1 = 121 outcomes, the size of the sample space. Created by Erin Susick for Introductory Statistics by Barbara llowsky and Susan DeanBR BR, BR: BP, gp, Bees Bk, BaR Bs fz a. Listthe 24 BRoutcomes: BL") Bubs Burs Bok ase Boks ByE) Buk> BERS b. Using the tree diagram, calculate P(AR). PecIG) = Bais SL gi ap ¢. Using the tree diagram, calculate P(RBOR BR).= Or i || Ty 4. Using the tree diagram, calculate P(R on 1st draw AND B on 2nd draw), P(R[sowo B22 3 8 2 By we 07 a Pr 121) " ©. Using the tree diagram, calculate P(A on 2nd draw GIVEN Bon 1st draw). eee ee eat f. Using the tree diagram, calculate (BB). Pardes) - £.£ , bE wg S37 eae: ia 9. Using the tree diagram, calculate P(B on the 2nd draw given Ron the first draw). eer 131 7] EXAMPLE 3.25 ‘An um has three red marbles and eight blue marbles in it. Draw two marbles, one at a time, this tim from the urn. "Without replacement" means that you do not put the first ball back before you select the second marble. Following is a tree diagram for this situation The branches are labeled with probabilities instead of frequencies. (DRAW THE DIAGRAM HERE) 2 ( Ze an ek 8 << iin . 3 t » es 4a 6 Calculate the following probabilities using the tree diagram. Beene esi. a. P(RR) = _=T 10 10 3)(2) + (8) 2) b.Fillin the blanks: P{RBOR BA)= (ii 10 7/0 Created by Erin Susick for Introductory Statistics by Barbara lllowsky and Susan Dean 710 110 7) eb ey be), fs. 2) fe 4 ate at 2 Ee ayy wi 121 YY ®c. P(Ron2nd|Bontst)= 3 ~ 307 73 . Fill in the blanks. (Ron tst AND Bon 2nd) = e. Find P(BB). ()(2) = = w SI? {. Find P(Bon 2nd|Ron ts). = & » 607 70 EXAMPLE 3.26 A litter of kittens available for adoption at the Humane Society has four tabby kittens and five black kittens. A family comes in and randomly selects two kittens (Without replacemenp) for adoption. (ORAW THE DIAGRAM HERE) 3 Yn f i, Ye or oh a. Whats the probably that both kitens are tabby? (77? az” b. What is the probability that one kitten of each coloring is selected? m/s) (eo5 4 F (HG )+ QD Se eee ew, ea 72 Created by Erin Susick for Introductory Statistics by Barbara llowsky and Susan Deanc. What is the probability that a tabby is chosen as the second kitten when a black kitten. was chosen as the first? Plt) = £ = 07 8 d. Whats the probability of choosing two kittens of the same color? GR) + (DQ) = Bt Ee ae Venn Diagram ‘A Venn diagram is a picture that represents the outcomes of an experiment. It generally consists of a box that represents the sample space S together with __¢ Grd vals. The circles or ovals represent events. EXAMPLE 3.27 ‘Suppose an experiment has the outcomes 1, 2, 3, ... , 12 where each outcome has an equal chance of occurring. Let event A= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and event B= (6, 7, 8, 9}. Then AAND B= {6} and AOR B={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. The Venn diagram is as follows: (DRAW THE DIAGRAM HERE) EXAMPLE 3.28 Flip two fair coins. Let A = tails on the first coin. Let B= tails on the second coin. Then A= {TT, TH) and B=({TT, HT}. Therefore, A AND B= {TT}. AOR B= (TH, TT, H7}. ‘The sample space when you flip two fair coins is X= (HH, HT, TH, TT}. The outcome HHis in NEITHER ANOR B. The Venn diagram is as follows: A B (DRAW THE DIAGRAM HERE) () HH Created by Erin Susick for Introductory Statistics by Barbara liowsky and Susan Dean DEXAMPLE 3.29 (407 ma (s Forty percent of the students at a local college belong to a club and'50% work part time. Five percent of the students work part time and belong to a club. Draw a Verin diagram showing the relationships. Let C= student belongs to a club and PT-= student works part ime, as ‘ : cle (* canoer | plo nPt) = rrr)» PCE if Pr If a student is selected at random, find + the probability that the student belongs to a club. P(C)= +97 + the probability that the student works part time. P(PT) = 507 the probability that the student belongs to a club AND works part time. P(C AND PT) = 5 7 the probability that the student belongs to a club given that the student works part time. P(C|PT) = 0-05 | Os (x) Xe ior = PCelPT) os os the probability that the student belongs to a club OR works part time. P(C OR PT) = pcer+ PleT)- PCBeth) oy = hor +597 = 357 Created by Erin Susick for introductory Statistics by Barbara lllowsky and Susan DeanEXAMPLE 3.30 A person with type O blood and a negative Rh factor (Rh-) can donate blood to any person with any blood type. Four percent of African Americans have type O blood and a negative RH factor, 5-10% of African Americans have the Rh- factor, and 51% have type O blood. Figure 3.9 The “O” circle represents the African Americans with type O blood. The “Rh-* oval represents the African Americans with the Rh- factor. We will take the average of 5% and 10% and use 7.5% as the percent of African Americans who have the Rh- factor. Let O = African American with Type O blood and A = African American with Rh- factor. pe eslit b. A= 134 @ c. POANDA)=_ Hh a. Poona = 104 F(R)- Pp (Both) ae y e. Inthe Venn Diagram, describe the overlapping area using a complete sentence. oy oon gual Bes OH AA Rmaltn vate pO Bloed and MG" f. Inthe Venn Diagram, describe the area in the rectangle but outside both the circle and the oval using a complete sentence, / can Prmeicans putsids tha ate ede the + GF ch ote ov qr 2 bleed pou Criteria: Graded by completion. Submit your work on Blackboard. thout Created by Erin Susick for Introductory Statistics by Barbara lllowsky and Susan Dean