CVL 203 Photogrammetry
CVL 203 Photogrammetry
CVL 203 Photogrammetry
Prepared By:
Eng. Mohamad Dabol
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Photogrammetry
The science, art, and technology of obtaining reliable information from photographs.
Metrical Photogrammetry
Aerial photographs (exposed from aircraft) are normally used, although in certain
special applications, terrestrial photos (taken from Earth-based cameras) are employed.
Recognizing objects from their photographic images and judging their significance.
Critical factors considered in identifying objects are the shapes, sizes, patterns, shadows,
tones, and textures of their images.
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Advantages of Photogrammetry
Applications of Photogrammetry
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Applications of Photogrammetry (other field rather than engineering)
1. Geology
2. Forestry
3. Agriculture
4. Archology\
5. Military intelligence
6. Traffic management
1. Vertical: taken with the camera axis aimed vertically downward or as nearly
vertical as possible
2. Oblique: made with the camera axis intentionally inclined at an angle between the
horizontal. It can be:
- High: Horizon shows on the picture
- Low: Horizon does not show on the picture
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Vertical aerial photographs
A truly vertical photograph results if the axis of the camera is exactly vertical when
exposure is made.
Small tilts, generally less than 1° and rarely greater than 3° are present, and the
resulting photos are called near-vertical or tilted photographs.
Although vertical photographs look like maps, they are not true orthographic projections
of the Earth’s surface.
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L: Exposure station
The x-axis is positive in the direction of flight. Positive y is 90° counterclockwise from
positive x.
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Strips of Vertical aerial photographs
Vertical photographs for topographic mapping are taken in strips (flight lines)
And Endlap (overlap of adjacent photographs in the same flight line) is usually about
60±5%.
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Scales of Vertical aerial photographs
Definition: The scale of a vertical photograph is the ratio of a photo distance to the
corresponding ground distance.
Since a photo graph is a perspective view, scale varies from point to point with variations
in terrain elevation.
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Summary
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Example 1 الطريقة االولى لحساب السكيل
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Solution
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Photo scale and map scale
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Example 3
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Ground coordinates
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Relief displacement
It occurs along radial lines from the principal point and increases in magnitude with
greater distance from the principal point to the image.
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Where:
r : the photo radial distance from the principal point to the image of the displaced point
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Example 4
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Flying height H (approximate method)
Example 5
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Flying height H (Pythagorean method)
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Remote sensing
It is the extraction of information about the earth and our environment from imagery
obtained by various sensors carried in aircraft and satellites(Satellite imagery can monitor
our entire planet).
•Remote sensing imaging systems operate the same as the human eye, but they can sense
over a much broader range than humans.
1. Land mapping
2. Measuring and monitoring various agricultural crops
3. Mapping soils
4. Detecting diseased crops and trees
5. Locating forest fires
6. Mapping the effects of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes
7. Analyzing population growth and distribution
8. Monitoring water quality and detecting the presence of pollutants
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Errors in Photogrammetry
Mistakes in Photogrammetry
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Spring 2022 - E-Learning Assignment #3 - 10%
Grade:
Sections Number : M2
Due Date: 16 May 2022 to be delivered as electronic copy only (pdf upload to Moodle)
individually.
Submission Date:
1.
Student declaration:
By writing my name above, I attest that I have done this assessment /homework/
assignment alone. I understand that any act of plagiarism will be treated as an academic
misconduct for which provisions stipulated in the Student Code of Conduct should apply.
Question [1] [50 pts.]
The vertical photograph in this figure was exposed with a 20 cm focal length
camera at a flying height of 4000 m above datum.
a) [15 points] Determine the photo scale at point a, if the elevation of point A on the
ground is 800 m above the datum.
b) [15 points] Determine the average photo scale, if the average terrain is 1400 m
above datum.
c) [10 points] If the length of (ab) measures 1.6 cm on the vertical photograph,
however, on a map plotted to a scale of 1:5000, it extends 4 cm, then, what is the
photo scale?
d) [10 points] Based on the given information in part c, If the true length of CD is 200
m, then, what do you expect the length of (cd) relative to (ab), longer or shorter,
clarify your answer.
Course Title: Basic Principles and Practice of Geomatics Course Code: CVL 203 2|Page
Question [2] [50 pts.]
The vertical photograph in this figure was exposed with a 10 cm focal length
camera at a flying height of 3000 m above datum.
Knowing that
xa = -2.0 cm, ya = -1.6 cm, xb = +2.0 cm, yb = +1.4 cm, and hA = hB = 300m,
Course Title: Basic Principles and Practice of Geomatics Course Code: CVL 203 3|Page