STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Structure

1. Telephone cables that use optical fibers can be conventional cables, yet they
typically carry much more information.

(A) they are smaller and lighter

(B) than the smaller and lighter

(C) smaller and lighter than

(D) so small and light that

2. In making cheese, , is coagulated by enzyme action, by lactic acid, or by both.

(A) casein is the chief milk protein

(B) casein, being that the chief milk protein

(C) the chief milk protein is casein

(D) casein, the chief milk protein

3. Sensory structures from the heads of some invertebrates are called antennae.

(A) are growing

(B) they are growing

(C) that grow

(D) grow

4. An étude is a short musical composition written especially ------- a particular technique.

(A) enable students practicing

(B) enables students practicing

(C) enable students to practice

(D) to enable students to practice

5. the United States consists of many different immigrant groups, many sociologists
believe there is a distinct national character.

(A) In spite of

(B) Despite

(C) Even though

(D) Whether

6. many food preservation methods for inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

(A) The
(B) Since

(C) There are

(D) Having

7. The safflower plant is grown chiefly for the oil from its seeds.

(A) obtained

(B) is obtaining

(C) which obtains it

(D) obtaining that

8. Newspaper historians feel that Joseph Pulitzer exercised on journalism in the United
States during his lifetime.

(A) influence remarkable

(B) remarkable for his influence

(C) influence was remarkable

(D) remarkable influence

9. must have water to lay and fertilize their eggs, while their offspring, tadpoles,
need water for development and growth.

(A) Though frogs and toads

(B) Frogs and toads

(C) That frogs and toads

(D) If frogs and toads

10. The philosopher and educator John Dewey rejected ………………

(A) to use authoritarian teaching methods

(B) that authoritarian teaching methods

(C) for authoritarian teaching methods

(D) authoritarian teaching methods

Written Expression

11. One of North America’s most renowned painters, Grandma Moses was in her seventies
A B
when her began to paint seriously.
C D

12. The novelty, relatively high speed, and advantageously of year-round service made
A B
 early passenger trains a popular form of transportation.
C D
13. Because incomplete records, the number of enlistments in the Confederate army
A B
has long been in dispute.

C D

14. Estuaries are highly sensitive and ecologically important habitats, providing breeding
A B C
and feeding grounds for much life-forms.
D
15. When the temperature drops below 68 degrees Fahrenheit, the body conserves warm by
A B C
restricting blood flowing to the skin.
D
16. The Federal Theatre Project, the first federally financed theater project in the United
A
States, was established to benefit theater personnel while the Depression of the 1930s.
B C D
17. Although best known for great novel The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck also
A B
published essays, plays, stories, memoirs, and newspaper articles.
C D
18. The political and economic life of the state of Rhode Island was dominated by the
A B
owners of textile mills well into the twenty century.
C D
19. Lichens grow in a variety of places, ranging from dry area to moist rain forests, to
A B C
freshwater lakes, and even to bodies of salt water.
D
20. Musical instruments are divided into various types, depending on whether the vibration
A B
that produces their sound is made by striking, strumming, scraping, or is blown.
C D
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATION

1. (C) In the main clause of this sentence, “telephone cables that use optical fibers” are compared
to “conventional cables.” Using the comparative form of the adjectives “small” and “light”
followed by “than” correctly completes this sentence.

2. (D) A subject is needed to complete this sentence. In (D), “casein” is the subject of this
sentence, even when followed by a noun phrase enclosed in commas that further identifies the
subject.

3. (C) The relative (adjective) clause, “that grow from the heads of invertebrates” modifies the
noun “structures.” The other choices do not modify the noun correctly.

4. (D) The infinitive form of the verb is the only choice that completes this sentence
grammatically. In this sentence, “to” of the infinitive is a shortened form of “in order to” and
indicates purpose.

5. (C) Only the adverbial “even though” is a subordinating conjunction that can correctly
complete the dependent clause of this sentence.

6. (C) This question tests the structure “there” + “be.” The subject follows “be” when “there” is
used. “There are” is required to complete this sentence correctly because the subject “methods”
is plural.

7. (A) The passive form “obtained” is the only choice that completes this sentence grammatically.
In this sentence, “obtained” is the shortened form of “that is obtained.”

8. (D) An object is needed to complete this sentence. In (D), the noun “influence” is the object,
modified by the adjective “remarkable,” and these words are in the correct word order.

9. (B) A subject is needed to complete the main clause of this sentence. The subject here is
composed of two nouns joined by “and.”

10. (D) An object is required to complete this sentence. The noun phrase “authoritarian teaching
methods” is the only choice that can act as the object of this sentence.

11. (C) “Her” is an object pronoun; the subject pronoun “she” is required here.
12. (A) “Advantageously” must be corrected to “advantage” to be parallel with the other nouns in
the series.

13. (A) The preposition “because of” makes this sentence grammatical.
14. (D) The quantifier “many” must be used with the plural count noun “life-forms.”
15. (C) The object of the main clause requires a noun phrase; the noun “warmth” is required here.
16. (D) The subordinating conjunction “while” is the wrong word choice; the preposition “during”
is correct.

17. (A) A determiner must precede the noun “novel.” Because the possessive pronoun “his”agrees
with the subject of this sentence (John Steinbeck), the best determiner to use is the pronoun
“his.” The pronoun “his” must precede the adjective “great.”
18. (D) “Twenty” is a noun; the adjective “twentieth” is required to modify “century” in this
sentence.

19. (C) In this sentence, “area” must be corrected to “areas” so that it will agree with the plural
nouns “places,” “freshwater lakes,” and “bodies of water.”

20. (D) “Is blown” must be corrected to “blowing” to be parallel with the other “-ing” forms in
the series.