Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and structures. It involves both exterior and interior design to satisfy human needs. There are various types of architectural construction such as post and lintel, cantilever, arches, domes, vaults, and trusses. Materials can be light like wood or heavy like stone, concrete, and steel. Architecture has evolved through prehistoric, Greek, Roman, medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, and modern periods with famous structures built in each. Locally, architects like Leandro Locsin, Juan Nakpil, and Carlos Santos-Viola have designed iconic Philippine buildings. Famous architectural designs around the world include the Taj Mahal, Notre Dame Cathedral, Sydney
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Architecture Gec212
Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and structures. It involves both exterior and interior design to satisfy human needs. There are various types of architectural construction such as post and lintel, cantilever, arches, domes, vaults, and trusses. Materials can be light like wood or heavy like stone, concrete, and steel. Architecture has evolved through prehistoric, Greek, Roman, medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, and modern periods with famous structures built in each. Locally, architects like Leandro Locsin, Juan Nakpil, and Carlos Santos-Viola have designed iconic Philippine buildings. Famous architectural designs around the world include the Taj Mahal, Notre Dame Cathedral, Sydney
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ARCHITECTURE
INSTRUCTOR: JOHN PAUL T. FELIZAR
What is architecture? • Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures to satisfy individual and c ommunal needs • It is a c omplex ar t • Not only the exter ior, but also the? Kinds of Architectural Post and Lintel Construction • The post and lintel consist of a horizontal beam called lintel and two vertical posts to support it. It is usually found in doors and entrances. Stonehenge Kinds of Architectural Construction Cantilever • Similar to the post and lintel, the cantilever has two vertical posts for support and a horizontal beam with one end more extended than the other Oftentimes, steel is used for this type of architectural construction because of its tensile strength Kinds of Architectural Construction Arch • The arch consists of several wedge- shaped blocks of stone called voussoirs held together by a key stone • It serves to support other structures such as roofs and to be a symbolic gateway Types of arch – Pointed Arch Types of arch – Horse Shoe Arch Types of arch – Flat Arch Types of arch – Segmental Arch Types of arch – Semi-circular Arch Types of arch – Venetian Arch Types of arch – Semi-elliptical Arch DOME
• The dome is à large
hemispherical roof or ceiling that looks like an inverted cup. It is an extension of the principle of the arch capable of enclosing a wide area VAULT • The vault is an arched structure of masonry usually forming a roof or ceiling. Similar to the dome, it is an extension of the principle of the arch capable of enclosing a vast expanse of space Types of vault – Cross Vault Types of vault – Barrel Vault Types of vault – Cloister Vault Types of vault – Groin Vault TRUSS
• The truss consists of a braced
framework of beams or bars forming one or more triangles. An assemblage of beams forming a rigid framework, it is usually used to suppor t the? Medium used in Architecture
LIGHT MATERIALS - include paper, nipa,
bamboo, and other light wood. All, except paper, form part of nipa huts and similar dwellings in tropical countries. The advantage of these materials is that they allow for good ventilation. Medium used in Architecture HEAVY MATERIALS - The trend now is toward the use of heavy materials which are not only fire-resistant but also durable and able to withstand natural forces such as earthquakes, landslides, storms, and floods. These materials are hardwood, stone, concrete (combination of cement, gravel, and sand), brick, steel, and cast iron. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE PREHISTORIC PERIOD • Egyptians were among the ancient civilizations who came up with enormous architectural works. • Egyptians were among the ancient civilizations who came up with enormous architectural works. GREEK PERIOD • The Parthenon typifies the architecture of this period. Adorned with relief sculpture by Phidias and his assistants, it exemplifies the post-and-lintel system of architecture ROMAN PERIOD • Colosseum o r Colis eum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre MEDIEVAL PERIOD • The architecture during the Middle Ages is divided into four artistic styles: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic.
Old Basilica of St. Peter Hagia Sophia
RENAISSANCE PERIOD • Renaissance architecture involved t he c onstruction of aristocratic residences called palazzos
Palazzo Medic i in Florence, Italy
Dome of the Florence • Renaissance architecture involved t he c onstruction of aristocratic residences called palazzos BAROQUE PERIOD
Church of San Carlo alle Quatro Fontane
MODERN PERIOD • An Int ernational Style of architecture and design, which gradually spread throughout the industrial world.
Walt Disney Concert Hall The Bosjes Chapel by Steyn Studio:
Floating at the foot of Waaihoek Mountain LOCAL ARCHITECTS LEANDRO Philippine International Convention Center
LOCSIN
Cultural Center of the Philippines
JUAN NAKPIL Quezon Hall – UP Diliman FRANCISCO MANOSA San Miguel Cor poration Building CARLOS SANTOS-VIOLA ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS IN THE WORLD
TAJ MAHAL KREMLIN & RED SQUARE
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS IN THE WORLD
NOTRE-DAME CATHEDRAL EIFFEL TOWER ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS IN THE WORLD
KINKAKU JI TEMPLE LEANING TOWER OF PISA ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS IN THE WORLD
SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE BURJ KHALIFA
FOR YOUR ACTIVITY Design your group house A. B. C .