0% found this document useful (0 votes)
72 views31 pages

References and Glossary of Key Words - : International Sports Sciences

This document provides references and a glossary of key words related to sports nutrition and exercise performance. It includes over 50 references to scientific studies on topics like carbohydrate loading, branched-chain amino acid supplementation, caffeine consumption, creatine supplementation, hydration, protein intake, and more. The references are listed alphabetically and provide authors, article titles, journal names, and publication details. This acts as a comprehensive list of sources for further research into how nutrition and supplements may impact athletic performance.

Uploaded by

Hamada Mansour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
72 views31 pages

References and Glossary of Key Words - : International Sports Sciences

This document provides references and a glossary of key words related to sports nutrition and exercise performance. It includes over 50 references to scientific studies on topics like carbohydrate loading, branched-chain amino acid supplementation, caffeine consumption, creatine supplementation, hydration, protein intake, and more. The references are listed alphabetically and provide authors, article titles, journal names, and publication details. This acts as a comprehensive list of sources for further research into how nutrition and supplements may impact athletic performance.

Uploaded by

Hamada Mansour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

References and Glossary of Key Words | 1

Hawley JA, Shabort EJ, Noakes TD, Dennis SC.


Hickson, James F., Jr., and Klaus Hinkelmann. Exercise
Carbohydrate-loading and exercise performance. Sports
and Protein Intake Effects on Urinary 3-Methylhistidine
Med. 1997;24:73-81.
Excretion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 41
Hawrelak JA, Whitten DL, Myers SP. Is Lactobacillus (1985), pp. 32-45.
rhamnosus GG effective in preventing the onset of
Higdon JV, Frei B. Coffee and health: a review of recent
antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review.
human research. Critical Reviews in Food Science and
Digestion 2005; 72(1):51-56.
Nutrition 2006;46(2):101-123.
Hefler SK, Wildman L, Gaesser GA et al (1993). Branched-
Hinrichs R, Hunzelmann N, Ritzkowsky A, Zollner
chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation improves
TM, Krieg T, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Caffeine
endurance performance in competitive cyclists. Medicine
hypersensitivity. Allergy 2002;57(9):859-60.
and Science in Sports and Exercise 25, S24 (abstract).
Hitchins S, Martin DT, Burke L, Yates K, Fallon K, Hahn
Helie, R., J.-M. Lavoie, and D. Cousineau. Effects of a
A, Dobson GP. Glycerol hyperhydration improves cycle
24-Hour Carbohydrate-Poor Diet on Metabolic and
time trial performance in hot humid conditions. Eur J
Hormonal Responses During Glucose-Infused Leg
Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 Oct;80(5):494-501.
Exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 54
(1985), pp. 420-426. Hjortmo S, Patring J, Jastrebova J, Andlid T. Inherent
biodiversity of folate content and composition in
Helms ER, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for
yeasts. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2005;
natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and
16(6-7):311-316.
supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 May
12;11:20. Hjortmo SB, Hellström AM, Andlid TA.. Production of
folates by yeasts in Tanzanian fermented togwa. FEMS
Hermansen, Lars, Eric Hultman, and Bengt Saltin.
Yeast Research 2008; 8(5):781-787.
Muscle Glycogen During Prolonged Severe Exercise.
Acta Physiolgica Scandinavica, Vol. 71 (1967), pp. 129- Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA,
139. Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Hakkinen K, Maresh CM.
L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects
Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell AL, Lecates SL,
biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in
Ellinor PL, Segers A, Burdine D, Manning P, Kabbouche
middle-aged men and women. Metabolism Clinical and
MA. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and response to
Experimental Journal 2010;59:1190-1199.
supplementation in pediatric and adolescent migraine.
Headache 2007;47(1):73-80. Hobson RM, Maughan RJ. Hydration status and the
diuretic action of a small dose of alcohol. Alcohol
Hespel, P., et al. Opposite actions of caffeine and creatine
Alcoholism. 2010;45(4):366-373.
on muscle relaxation time in humans. J Appl Physiol 2002
92:513-518. Hobson, RM, et al. Effects of b-alanine supplementation
on exercise performance: a meta-analysis. Amino Acids
Hew-Butler T, Rosner MH, FowkesGodek S, et al.
(2012) 43:25–37.
Statement of the Third International Exercise-Associated
Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference, Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, Rashti SL,
Carlsbad, California, 2015. Clin J Sports Med. Kang J, Faigenbaum AD. Effect of a proprietary
2015;25(4):303-320. protein supplement on recovery indices following
resistance exercise in strength/power athletes. Amino
Heymsfield, Steven B., Carlos Arteaga, Clifford McManus,
Acids.
Janet Smith, and Steven Moffitt. Measurement of Muscle
2010;38(3): 771-778.
Mass in Humans: Validity of the 24-Hour Urinary
Creatinine Method. American Journal of Clinical Hofman, Z., et al. Glucose and Insulin Responses After
Nutrition, Vol. 37 (1983), pp. 478-494. Commonly Used Sport Feedings Before and After a
1-Hour Training Session. International Journal of Sport
Heyward, VH, et al. Anthropometric, Body Composition
Nutrition, Vol. 5 (1995), pp. 194-205.
and Nutritional Profiles of Bodybuilders During Training.
The J of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 3, No. Holloszy, John O. Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle to
2, pp.22-29. Endurance Exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports, Vol.
7 (1975), No. 3, pp. 155-164.

International Sports Sciences


2 | Appendix

Holt WS Jr. Nutrition and athletes. Am Fam Physician.


Hultman, E., Saderlund, K., Timmons, J. A., Cederblad, G.
1993 Jun;47(8):1757-64.
& Greenhaff, P. L. (1996). Muscle creatine loading in men.
Holt, Henry T. Carica Paypaya as Ancillary Therapy J. Appl. Physiol. 81, 232-237.
for Athletic Injuries. Current Therapeutic Research,
Huynh NT, Tayek JA. 2002. Oral arginine reduces
Vol. 11 (October 1969), pp. 621-624.
systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: Its potential
Hong Y, Yang HS, Li J, Han SK, Chang HC, Kim HY. role in nitric oxide generation. American College of
Identification of lactic acid bacteria in salted Chinese Nutrition 21(5):422-427.
cabbage by SDS-PAGE and PCR-DGGE. Journal of the
Hyde, Parker, Utilization Of B-Mode Ultrasound As A
Science of Food and Agriculture 2013; 94(2):296-300.
Body Fat Estimate In Collegiate Football Players
Hoon MW, et al. The effect of nitrate supplementation on (2015). Electronic Theses & Dissertations. Paper 1282.
exercise performance in healthy individuals: a systematic
Hydrolyzed collagenMonograph, Health Canada.
review and meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.
2013 Oct;23(5):522-32. Hyssop Monograph, Health Canada.
Hops Monograph, Health Canada. Imagawa, S., et al. Does k-11706 enhance performance and
why? Int J Sports Med. 2007 Nov;28(11):928-33.
Horn, M. E. Improved Sprint Cycle Performance
Following Consumption of a Chromium-Carbohydrate Indole-3-carbinol Monograph, Health Canada.
Beverage During Prolonged Exercise. Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 30 (1998), pg. S288. Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, De Barrio M,
Rubio M, Herrero T. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine.
Horphag Research. Pycnogenol for sports nutrition. Allergy 2003;58(7):681-682.
Monograph.
Institute of Medicine (IOM), Food and Nutrition Board.
Horse Chestnut Monograph, Health Canada. Dietary Reference intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate,
Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino
Horton, Edward S. Metabolic Aspects of Exercise and
Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press;
Weight Reduction. Medicine and Science in Sports and
2005.
Exercise, Vol. 18 (1986), p. 10.
Inulin Monograph, Health Canada.
Housh, D. J., et al. Effects of leucine and whey protein
supplementation during 8 weeks of dynamic constant IOC Medical Commission Working Group Women
external resistance training on strength and thigh in Sport; Chair: Patricia Sangenis, MD. International
muscle cross-sectional area: a preliminary analysis. Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission Position
National Strength and Conditioning Association annual Stand on the Female Athlete Triad.
conference, July 2004.
IOC MEDICAL COMMISSION, Nutrition In Sport. 2000.
Howey RT, Lock CM, Moore LVH. Subspecies names
automatically created by Rule 46. International Journal of Iodine Monograph, Health Canada.
Systematic Bacteriology 1990; 40(3):317-319.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). 1993. Nutritional Needs in
Hu C, Kitts D. 2001 Free Radical Scavenging Capacity Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel
as Related to Antioxidant Activity and Ginsenoside in Field Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy
Composition of Asian and North American Ginseng Press.
Extracts. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society
78(3):249 Institute of Medicine (IOM). Committee on Military
Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute
Huertas R, Campos Y, Diaz E, Esteban J, Vechietto L, of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental
Montanari G, D’Iddio S, Corsi M, Arenas J. Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations.
Respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of endurance Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 2001.
athletes: Effect of L-carnitine. Biochemical and
biophysical research communications 1992;188(1):102-
107.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 3

Institute of Medicine (IOM). Institute of Medicine. Panel


Isidori A, Lo Monaco A, Cappa M (1981). A study of
on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference
growth hormone release in man after oral administration
Levels of Nutrients and Interpretation and Uses of Dietary
of amino acids. Current Medical Research Opinion 74,
Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the
75-81.
Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Ivy JL, Res PT, Sprague RC, Widzer MO. Effect of
Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, a carbohydrate-protein supplement on endurance
Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, performance during exercise of varying intensity. Int J
Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Sports Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003;13(3): 382-395.
Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
Ivy, J. L., R. T. Withers, P. J. Van Handel, D.L.L. Elger,
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Institute of Medicine. and D. L. Costill. Muscle Respiratory Capacity and
Committee on Food Chemicals Codex, Food and Fiber
Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. 2003. Food Type as Determinants of the Lactate Threshold. American
Chemicals Codex, 5th edition. Washington (DC): Physiological Society (1980), pp. 523-527.
National Academies Press.
Ivy, J.L., A.L. Katz, C.L. Cutler, W.M. Sherman, and E.F.
Institute of Medicine (IOM) Institute of Medicine Coyle (1988). Muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise:
Committee on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion. J. Appl.
of Dietary Supplements. Prototype monograph on Physiol. 64:1480-1485.
melatonin. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Prototype
Monographs, Developed as Examples for the Report Iwasaki K, Mano K, Ishihara M et al (1987). Effects of
Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating ornithine or arginine administration on serum amino
Safety. Institute of Medicine and the National Research acid levels. Biochemistry International 14, 971-6.
Council of the National Academies, Washington (DC):
National Academies Press 2004. Izquierdo M, Ibanez J, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Gorostiaga
EM. Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power,
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Institute of Medicine of the endurance, and sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
National Academies. Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, 2002 Feb;34(2):332-43.
Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino
Acids. Food and Nutrition Board. Jacob M Wilson, et al. International Society of
Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Panel on Dietary Reference methylbutyrate (HMB). Journal of the International
Intakes for Electrolytes and Water, and the Standing Society of Sports Nutrition 2013, 10:6 (2 February 2013)
Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute Jacobs I., N. Westlin, J. Karlsson, M. Rasmusson, and B.
of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Houghton (1982). Muscle glycogen and diet in elite soccer
Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington players. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 48:297-302.
(DC): National Academies Press.
Jäger R, Harris RC, Purpura M, Francaux M. Comparison
Institute of Medicine (IOM). Otten JJ, Pitzi Hellwig J, of new forms of creatine in raising plasma creatine levels.
Meyers LD, editors. 2006. Institute of Medicine Dietary J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007 Nov 12;4:17.
Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient
Jäger R, Purpura M, Shao A, Inoue T, Kreider RB.
Requirements. Washington (DC): National Academies
Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status
Press.
of novel forms of creatine. Amino Acids. 2011
Institute of Medicine (IOM). 1994. Fluid Replacement and May;40(5):1369-83.
Heat Stress. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Jahreis G, Kraft J, Tischendorf F, Schone F, von
Institute of Medicine (IOM). 2005. Water, Loeffelholz C. Conjugated linoleic acids: Physiological
Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. effects in animal and man with special regard to body
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. composition. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 102:695-
703 (2000).
Iron Monograph, Health Canada.

International Sports Sciences


4 | Appendix

Jakeman, P., and S. Maxwell. Effect of Antioxidant


Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate and exercise performance:
Vitamin Supplementation on Muscle Function After
The role of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Curr
Eccentric Exercise. European Journal of Applied
Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13(4): 452-457.
Physiology, Vol. 67 (1993), p. 426.
Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate intake during exercise and
James AP1, Lorraine M, Cullen D, Goodman C,
performance. Nutrition 2004; 20:669-677.
Dawson B, Palmer TN, Fournier PA. Muscle
glycogen supercompensation: absence of a gender- Jeukendrup AE. Nutrition for endurance sports:
related difference. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Marathon, triathlon, and road cycling. J Sports Sci.
Oct;85(6):533-8. 2011;29(suppl 1): S91-S99.
James MJ, Zomerdijk JC. Physphtidylinositol 3-kinase Jin HZ, Fan XB, Hang XM, Li KB, Yang H. Analysis of the
and mTOR signaling pathways regulate RNA polymerase probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus community
1 transcription in response to IGF-1 and nutrients. J Biol in child intestinal flora. [Article in Chinese; Abstract in
Chem. 2004 Mar 5;279(10):8911-8. English]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2005; 45(4):567-70.
James SP, Mendelson WB, Sack DA, Rosenthal NE, Joan Gandy. Water intake: validity of population
Wehr TA. The effect of melatonin on normal sleep. assessment and recommendations. Eur J Nutr. 2015;
Neuropsychopharmacology 1987;1(1):41-4 54(Suppl 2): 11–16.
Javed A1, Tebben PJ, Fischer PR, Lteif AN. Female athlete Johnson JL, Phelps CF, Cummins CS, London J and
triad and its components: toward improved screening and Gasser F. Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus acidophilus
management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Sep;88(9):996-1009. group. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
1980; 30(1):53-68.
Jean-Louis G, von Gizycki H, Zizi F. Predictors
of subjective sleepiness induced by melatonin Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins
administration. Journal of Psychosomatic Research H, Sears B. Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have
1999;47(4):355-8 no
metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate
Jee SH, He J, Whelton PK, Suh II, Klag MJ. The effect
diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(5):1055-61
of chronic coffee drinking on blood pressure: a meta-
analysis of controlled clinical trials. Hypertension Joint Health Products, Multiple Ingredient Monograph,
1999;33(2):647-652. Health Canada.
Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two Jones AM, Atter T, Georg KP. Oral creatine
cases of drinking less and shaking more. Journal of supplementation improves multiple sprint performance in
Clinical Psychiatry 1988;49(2):72-73. elite ice-hockey players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1999
Sep;39(3):189-96.
Jefferson, LS and Kimball, SR. Amino acids as regulators
of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation. J Jones AM. Influence of dietary nitrate on the physiological
Nutr. 2003 133: 2046S-2051S. determinants of exercise performance: A critical review.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(9):10191028.
Jelkmann, W. Molecular biology of erythropoietin.
Internal Medicine 2004 Aug 43(8):649-659. Josse AR, Atkinson SA, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM.
Increased consumption of dairy foods and protein during
Jenkins DJ, Wong JM, Kendall CW, Esfahani A, Ng VW,
diet- and exercise-induced weight loss promotes fat
Leong TC, Faulkner DA, Vidgen E, Greaves KA, Paul G,
mass loss and lean mass gain in overweight and obese
Singer W. The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate
premenopausal women. J Nutr. 2011;141(9):1626-1634.
(Eco-Atkins) diet on body weight and blood lipid
concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects. Arch Intern Josse AR, Tang JE, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Body
Med. 2009;169(11):1046-54 composition and strength changes in women with
milk and resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports
Jennifer Wismann and Darryn Willoughby. Gender
Exerc. 2010;42(6):1122-1130.
Differences in Carbohydrate Metabolism

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 5

Juhn, M. S., O’Kane, J. W. & Vinci, D. M. (1999). Oral


Kao, R., et al. Erythropoietin improves skeletal muscle
creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes:
microcirculation and tissue bioenergetics in a mouse
a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J. Am.
sepsis model. Crit Care. 2007;11(3):R58.
Diet. Assoc. 99, 593-595.
Karahan M, Coksevim B, Artis S. The effect of
Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine
L-carnitine supplementation on 1500 m running
withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and
performance. Science, Movement and Health Journal
signs, incidence, severity, and associated features.
2010;10(2):504-507.
Psychopharmacology 2004;176(1):1-29.
Karapinar M, Jakobsen M. Identification of lactic
Jurenka JS. 2009. Anti-inflammatory properties of
acid bacteria isolated from Tarhana, a traditional
curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review
Turkish fermented food. International Journal of Food
of preclinical and clinical research. Alternative Medicine
Microbiology 2009; 135(2):105-111.
Review 14(2):141-153.
Kargotich S, Rowbottom DG, Keast D et al (1996).
Kaats, G. R., D. Blum, D. Pullin, et al. A
Plasma glutamine changes after high intensity exercise in
Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
elite male swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sport and
of the Effects of Chromium Picolinate
Exercise 28, S133.
Supplementation on Body
Composition: A Replication and Extension of a Previous Karlsson, HKR., et al. Branched-chain amino acids
Study. Current Therapy Research, Vol. 59 (1998), pp. increase p-70S6K phosphorylation in human skeletal
379-388. muscle after resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol
Metab 2004. 287: E1-E7.
Kalpravidh RW, Wichit A, Siritanaratkul N,
Fucharoen S. Effect of coenzyme Q10 as an Karlsson, Jan, and Bengt Saltin. Diet, Muscle Glycogen,
antioxidant in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients. and Endurance Performance. Journal of Applied
BioFactors 2005;25(1-4):225-234. Physiology, Vol. 31 (1971), no. 2, pp. 203-206.
Kambis KW, Pizzedaz SK. Short-term creatine Karlsson, Jan, and Bengt Saltin. Lactate, ATP, and CP in
supplementation improves maximum quadriceps Working Muscles During Exhaustive Exercise in Man.
contraction in women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 29 (1970), No. 5, pp.
Mar;13(1):87-96. 598-602.
Kamikawa, T, et al., Effects of L-carnitine on exercise Karlsson, Jan, Lars-Olof Nordesjo, and Bengt Saltin.
tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris, Japanese Muscle Glycogen Utilization During Exercise After
Heart Journal (1984): 587-597. Physical Training. Acta Physiolgica Scandinavica, Vol. 90
(1974), pp. 210 -217.
Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley DB, Thorne DR,
Otterstetter R, Belenky G. Effect of three caffeine doses Kasai, Kikuo, Hitoshi Suzuki, Tsutomu Nakamura,
on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged Hiroaki Shiina, and Shin-Ichi Shimoda. Glycine
wakefulness. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Stimulates Growth Hormone Release in Man. Acta
2000;56(8):537-544. Endocronologica, Vol. 90 (1980), pp. 283-286.
Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, Westerterp- Kasai, Kikuo, Masami Kobayashi, and Shin-Ichi Shimoda.
Plantenga MS. 2003. The effect of conjugated linoleic Stimulatory Effect of Glycine on Human Growth
acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight Hormone Secretion. Metabolism, Vol. 27 (1978), pp.
regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in 201-208.
overweight subjects. International Journal of Obesity and
Related Metabolic Disorders 27(7):840-847. Kasen, Stephanie, et al. Obesity and psychopathology in
women: a three decade prospective study. International
Kanter, M. Free Radicals, Exercise, and Antioxidant Journal of Obesity 32.3 (2008): 558-566.
Supplementation. International Journal of Sports
Nutrition, Vol. 4 (1994), p. 205. Kasperek, George J., and Rebecca D. Snider. Increased
Protein Degradation After Eccentric Exercise. European
Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 54 (1985), pp. 30-34.

International Sports Sciences


6 | Appendix

Katch, F. U.S. Government Raises Serious Questions


Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. 2001. Differential,
About Reliability of U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
dose dependent changes in cognitive performance
Food Composition Database. International Journal of
following acute administration of a Ginkgo biloba/
Sport Nutrition, Vol. 5 (1995), pp. 62-67.
Panax ginseng combination to healthy young volunteers.
Kato H1,2, Suzuki K1, Bannai M1, Moore DR2. Protein Nutritional neuroscience 4(5):399-412
Requirements Are Elevated in Endurance Athletes after
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. 2001. Dose
Exercise as Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid
dependent changes in cognitive performance and mood
Oxidation Method. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 20;11(6):e0157406.
following acute administration of Ginseng to healthy
Kayumov L, Brown G, Jindal R, Buttoo K, Shapiro young volunteers. Nutritional Neuroscience 4(4):295-310
CM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. 2002. Modulation
crossover study of the effect of exogenous melatonin
of cognition and mood following administration of single
on
doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng
delayed sleep phase syndrome. Psychosomatic
combination to healthy young adults. Physiology &
Medicine 2001;63(1):40-8
Behavior 75(5):739-751
Kellis, J.T., and L. E. Vickery. Inhibition of Estrogen
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. 2003. Ginseng: potential for
Synthetase (Aromatase) by Flavones. Science, Vol. 225
the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood.
(1984), pp. 1032-1033.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 75(3):687-700
Kelly GS. The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin
Kern M, Lagomarcino ND, Misell LM, Schuster V. The
sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease.
effect of medium-chain triacylglycerols on the blood lipid
Altern Med Rev 1998;3(1): 27-39.
profile of male endurance runners. J Nutr Biochem. 2000
Kelly, G.S. (2001). Rhodiola rosea: A possible plant May;11(5):288-92.
adaptogen. Altern. Med. Rev. 6:293-302.
Ki MR, Ghim SY, Hong IH, Park JK, Hong KS, Ji AR,
Kelly, V. G., and D. G. Jenkins. Effect of Oral Creatine Jeong KS. In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori
Supplementation on Near-Maximal Strength and growth and of adherence of cagA-positive strains to
Repeated Sets of High-Intensity Bench Press Exercise. gastric epithelial cells by Lactobacillus paraplantarum
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Vol. 12 KNUC25 isolated from kimchi. Journal of Medicinal
(1998), pp. 109-115. Food. 2010; 13(3):629-634.

Kelp Products Monograph, Health Canada. Kidd, P. M. Phosphatidylserine (PS): A Remarkable Brain
Cell Nutrient. Decatur, IL: Lucas Meyer, 1995.
Kenefick RW, Cheuvront SN. Hydration for
recreational sport and physical activity. Nutr Rev. Kiefer D, Pantuso T. 2003. Panax ginseng.
2012;70(suppl 2):S137-S142. American Family Physician 68(8):1539-1542

Kennedy D, Scholey A, Wesnes KA. 2000. Dose- Kilduff LP, Georgiades E, James N, Minnion RH, Mitchell
dependent enhancement of cognitive performance M, Kingsmore D, Hadjicharlambous M, Pitsiladis YP.
in young volunteers by a single doses of ginseng. The effects of creatine supplementation on cardiovascular,
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology metabolic, and thermoregulatory responses during
3(Suppl 1):S365 exercise in the heat in endurance-trained humans. Int J
Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004 Aug;14(4):443-60.
Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. 2004.
Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers Kilduff LP, Pitsiladis YP, Tasker L, Attwood J, Hyslop P,
following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) Dailly A, Dickson I, Grant S. Effects of creatine on body
extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng. composition and strength gains after 4 weeks of resistance
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 79(3):401-411. training in previously nonresistance-trained humans. Int
J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Dec;13(4):504-20.
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Drewery L, Marsh VR, Moore
B, Ashton H. 2003. Electroencephalograph effects of Killingsworth, R., et al. Hyperthermia and Dehydration-
single doses of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng in Related Deaths Associated With Intentional Rapid
healthy young volunteers. Pharmacology, Biochemistry Weight Loss in Three Collegiate Wrestlers. Morbidity
and Behavior 75(3):701-709 and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 47 (1998), pp. 105-
108.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 7

Kim, SW., et al. Direct and indirect effects of androgens


Klein DA1, Poth MA. Amenorrhea: an approach to
on survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. J
diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Jun
Korean Med Sci. 2005 Jun;20(3):409-16.
1;87(11):781-8.
Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Molecular mechanisms through
Knopf, R. F., J. W. Conn, S. S. Fajans, J. C. Floyd, E. M.
which amino acids mediate signaling through the
Guntsche, and J. A. Rull. Plasma Growth Hormone
mammalian target of rapamycin. Curr Opin Clin Nutr
Response to Intravenous Administration of Amino Acids.
Metab Care. 2004 Jan;7(1)39-44.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, Vol. 25 (1965), pp.
Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Regulation of global and specific 1140-1144.
mRNA translation by oral administration of branched-
Knuiman P1, Hopman MT2, Mensink M1 Glycogen
chain amino acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004
availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with
Jan 9;313(2):423-7.
endurance and resistance exercise. Nutr Metab (Lond).
Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Regulation of protein synthesis 2015 Dec 21;12:59.
by branched-chain amino acids. Curr Opin Clin Nutr
Ko SR, Choi KJ, Uchida K, Suzuki Y. 2003. Enzymatic
Metab Care. 2001 Jan;4(1):39-43.
preparation of ginsenosides Rg2, Rh1, and F1 from
King, N; Leet, A; McDonald, J; Conti, C; Pitkin, protopanaxatriol-type ginseng saponin mixture. Planta
C; Pollard, C; and Witzke, K (2015) Validity of the Medica 69:285-286
cardiocoach metabolic system for the determination
Kocak S, Karli U. Effects of high dose oral creatine
of vo2 peak, International Journal of Exercise
supplementation on anaerobic capacity of elite wrestlers. J
Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 8: Iss. 3,
Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003 Dec;43(4):488-92.
Article 23.
Koehle MS, Cheng I, Sporer B. Canadian Academy of
Kinoshita S, Nakayama S, Akita S. Taxonomic study
Sport and Exercise Medicine position statement: Athletes
of glutamic acid accumulating bacteria, Micrococcus
at high altitude. Clin J Sports Med. 2014;24(2): 120-127.
glutamicus, nov. sp. Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical
Society of Japan 1958; 22:176-185. Koeslag, J. H. Post-Exercise Ketosis and the Hormone
Response to Exercise: A Review. Medicine and Science in
Kirkendall, D. Effect of Nutrition on Performance in
Sports and Exercise, Vol. 14 (1982), No. 5, pp. 327-334.
Soccer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,
Vol. 25 (1993), pp. 1370. Kohama T. Clinical applications of Pycnogenol® in Japan.
Prog Med 24: 1503-1510, 2004.
Kirkendall, D.T, C. Foster, J.A. Dean, J. Gorgan, and
N.N. Thompson (1988). Effect of glucose polymer Kohli K, Ali J, Ansari J, Raheman Z. 2005. Curcumin:
supplementation on performance of soccer players. In: T. a natural antiinflammatory agent. Indian Journal of
Reilly, A. Lees, K. Davids, and W. Murphy (eds.), Science Pharmacology 37(3):141-147.
and Football I. London: E&FN Spon Ltd., pp. 33-41.
Kolida S, Gibson GR. 2007. Prebiotic capacity of
Kirkendall, D.T. (1993). Effects of nutrition on inulin-type fructans. The Journal of Nutrition
performance in soccer. Med. Sci. Sports 2007;137:2503S-2506S.
Exerc. 25:1370-1374.
Kotowska M, Albrecht P, Szajewska H. Saccharomyces
Kiso Y, Suzuki Y, Watanabe N, Oshima Y, Hikino H. 1983. boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated
Antihepatotoxic principles of Curcuma longa rhizomes. diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind
Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 49:185-187 placebo-controlled trial. Alimentary Pharmacology &
Therapeutics 2005; 21(5):583-590.
Kitts DD, Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. 2000. Antioxidant
properties of a North American ginseng extract. Kraemer WJ, Spiering BA, Volek JS, Ratamess NA,
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 203(1-2):1-10 Sharman MJ, Rubin MR, French DN, Silvestre R,
Hatfield DL, Van Heest JC, Vingren JL, Judelson DA,
Kleessen B, Sykura B, Zunft H-J, Blaut M. Effects of inulin
Deschenes MR, Maresh CM. Androgenic responses to
and lactose on fecal microflora, microbial activity, and
resistance exercise: Effects of feeding and L-Carnitine.
bowel habit in elderly constipated persons. American
Official Journal of the American College of Sports
Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997;65(5):1397-1402.
Medicine 2006;1288-1296.

International Sports Sciences


8 | Appendix

Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, 2015 Jun 4;12:25.
Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Ratamess NA, Newton RU,
Jemiolo
B, Craig BW, Hakkinen K. The effects of L-carnitine
L-tartrate supplementation on hormonal responses to
resistance exercise and recovery. Journal of Strenght and
Conditioning Research 2003;17(3):455-462.

Kraemer, W. J. et al. Resistance training combined with


bench-step aerobics enhances women’s health profile.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001 Feb;33(2):259-269.

Kreider RB (1999). Dietary supplements and the


promotion of muscle growth with resistance training.
Sports Medicine 27, 97-110.

Kreider RB, Melton C, Rasmussen CJ, Greenwood M,


Lancaster S, Cantler EC, Milnor P, Almada AL. Long-
term creatine supplementation does not significantly
affect clinical markers of health in athletes. Mol Cell
Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1-2):95-104.

Kreider RB, Miriel V, Bertun E (1993). Amino acid


supplementation and exercise performance: proposed
ergogenic value. Sports Medicine 16, 190-209.

Kreider, R. B. (2003). Effects of creatine


supplementation on performance and training
adaptations. Mol. Cell.
Biochem. 244, 89-94.

Kreider, R. B., et al. Effects of Creatine Supplementation


on Body Composition, Strength, and Sprint Performance.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 30
(1998), pp. 73-82.

Kreider, R. B., Melton, C., Rasmussen, C. J.,


Greenwood, M., Lancaster, S., Cantler, E. C., Milnor, P.
& Almada, A.
L. (2003). Long-term creatine supplementation does not
significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes.
Mol. Cell. Biochem. 244, 95-104.

Kreider, R., et al. Effects of B-BHBM Supplemetation


With and Without Creatine During Training on Body
Composition Alterations. Federation of American
Societies of Experimental Biology Journal, Vol. 11 (1997),
pg. A374.

Kreider R, et al. ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review:


research & recommendations. Journal of the International
Society of Sports Nutrition 2010, 7:7 (2 February 2010)

Krill Oil Monograph, Health Canada.

Krustrup P1, Ermidis G2, Mohr M3. Sodium bicarbonate


intake improves high-intensity intermittent exercise
performance in trained young men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 9

Kuczmarski, R.J. et al., 2002. 2000 CDC Growth phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, S6K1, eIF4G, and mTOR
Charts for the United States: methods and in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
development. Vital Health Stat. 11., 11(246), pp.1– 2003 285: E1205-1215.
190.

Kunz D, Mahlberg R, Müller C, Tilmann A, Bes F.


Melatonin in patients with reduced REM sleep
duration: two randomized controlled trials. Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2004;89(1):128-
134

Kuo J, Chen CY and Lee N. Effects of Eleutherococcus


senticosus (ciwujia) on fat metabolism and endurance
performance in long distance runners. Medicine &
Science in Sports and Exercise 38(5):S401, 2006.

Kuo J, Kenny WC, Cheng I, et al. The effect of eight


weeks of supplementation with Eleutherococcus
senticosus on endurance capacity and metabolism in
humans. Chinese Journal of Physiology 53(2):105-111,
2010.

Kuo J, Su C, Yang H, et al. Supplementation of


Eleutherococcus senticosus (ciwujia) on
cardiorespiratory function and fat metabolism in college
students. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 51(1):161,
2007.

Kurkin, V. A., and G. G. Zapesochnaya. Chemical


Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Rhodiola
Rosea. Chemical-Pharmaceutical Journal, Vol. 20 (1986),
No. 10, pp. 1231-1244.

Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T, Katsumura T, Kuwamori


M, Kimura N, Sako T, Chance B. Creatine
supplementation enhances anaerobic ATP synthesis
during a single 10 sec maximal handgrip exercise. Mol
Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1-2):105-12.

LaBotz, M. & Smith, B. W. (1999). Creatine


supplement use in an NCAA Division I athletic
program. Clin. J. Sport Med. 9, 167-169.

Lactase Monograph, Health Canada.

Lagowska K, Kapczuk K, Friebe Z, Bajerska J. Effects


of dietary intervention in young female athletes with
menstrual disorders. J Int Soc Sports Nutr.
2014;11:21.

Lambert, CP, et al. Macronutrient considerations for


the sport of bodybuilding. Sports Med. 2004;34(5)317-
327.

Lands, LC, et al. Effect of supplementation with a cysteine


donor on muscular performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 1999,
87(4): 1381-1385.

Lang, CH. Alcohol impairs leucine-mediated


International Sports Sciences
10 | Appendix

Langsjoen PH, Folkers K, Lyson K, Muratsu K, Lyson


Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG, Mosure JC, Kim PD.
T, Langsjoen P. Effective and safe therapy with
Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate
coenzyme Q10 for cardiomyopathy. Klinische
for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a
Wochenschrift 1988;66(13):583-590.
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. Supplemental ubiquinol in Mil Med. 1999 Feb;164(2):85-91.
patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Biofactors
Lehmkuhl M, Malone M, Justice B, Trone G, Pistilli
2008;32(1-4):119-28.
E, Vinci D, Haff EE, Kilgore JL, Haff GG. The effects
Lappin, TR., et al. EPO’s alter ego: erythropoietin has of 8 weeks of creatine monohydrate and glutamine
multiple actions. Stem Cells 2002;20:485-492. supplementation on body composition and performance
measures. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Aug;17(3):425-38.
Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gundmensen O, Astrup A. 2006.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not Leidy HJ, Carnell NS, Mattes RD, Campbell WW.
prevent weight or body fat gain. The American Journal of Higher protein intake preserves lean mass and satiety
Clinical Nutrition 83(3):606-612. with weight loss in pre-obese and obese women.
Obesity. 2007;15(2):421-9
Larson-Meyer DE, Willis KS. Vitamin D and athletes.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010;9(4):220-226. Leite AM, Leite DC, Del Aguila EM, Alvares TS, Peixoto
RS, Miguel MA, Silva JT, Paschoalin VM. Microbiological
Lawlor, D.A. et al., 2010. Association between general and and chemical characteristics of Brazilian kefir during
central adiposity in childhood, and change in these, with fermentation and storage processes. Journal of Dairy
cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: prospective Science 2013; 96(7):4149-4159.
cohort study. BMJ, 341, p.c6224.
Lekakis JP, Papathanassiou S, Papaioannou TG,
Lawson RE, Moss AR, Givens DI. The role of dairy Papamichael CM, Zakopoulos N, Kotsis V, Dagre AG,
products in supplying conjugated linoleic acid to man’s Stamatelopoulos K, Protogerou A, Stamatelopoulos SF.
diet: a review. Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:153-172 (2001). 2002. Oral L-arginine improves endothelial dysfunction
in patients with essential hypertension. International
Layman, DK. The role of leucine in weight loss diets and Journal of Cardiology 86(2-3):317-323.
glucose homeostasis. J Nutr. 2003 133: 261S-267S.
Lemon PW, Proctor DN. Protein intake and athletic
Leatt, P.B., and I. Jacobs (1989). Effect of glucose polymer performance. Sports Med. 1991 Nov;12(5):313-25.
ingestion on glycogen depletion during a soccer match.
Can. J. Sport Sci. 14:112-116. Lemon PW. Effect of exercise on protein requirements.
J Sports Sci. 1991 Summer;9 Spec No:53-70.
Leblanc, J.Ch., F. Le Gall, V. Grandjean, and P. Verger
(2002). Nutritional intake of French soccer players at the Lemon PW. Is increased dietary protein necessary or
Clairefontaine training center. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. beneficial for individuals with a physically active lifestyle?
Metab. 12:268-280. Nutr Rev. 1996 Apr;54(4 Pt 2):S169-75.

Lecithin Monograph, Health Canada. Lemon PW. Protein and amino acid needs of the strength
athlete. Int J Sport Nutr. 1991 Jun;1(2):127-45.
Ledoux D, Labombardi VJ, Karter D. Lactobacillus
acidophilus bacteraemia after use of a probiotic in a Lemon PWR (1998). Effects of exercise on dietary protein
patient with AIDS and Hodgkin’s disease. International requirements. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 8,
Journal of STD & AIDS 2006; 17(4):280-282. 426-47.

Lee JM, Kim Y, Welk GJ. Validity of consumer-based Lemon, P. W. R., and F. J. Nagle. Effects of Exercise on
physical activity monitors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism. Medicine and
2014;46(9): 1840-1848. Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 13 (1981), No. 3, pp.
141-149.
Lee JS, et al. Effects of chronic dietary nitrate
supplementation on the hemodynamic response to Lemon, P. W. R., et al. Protein Requirements and Muscle
dynamic exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Mass/Strength Changes During Intensive Training in
Physiol. 2015 Sep;309(5):R459-66. Novice Bodybuilders. Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol.
73 (1992), pp. 767-775.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 11

Lemon, P.W.R., and D. Proctor. Protein Intake and


Lindner P. Schizosaccharomyces pombe n. sp., ein neuer
Athletic Performance. Sports Medicine, Vol. 12 (1991),
Gährungserreger, volume 10. 1893. p.1298 (in German).
No. 5, p. 313.
Lipase Monograph, Health Canada.
Lemon, P.W.R., and J. P. Mullin. Effect of Initial Muscle
Glycogen Levels on Protein Catabolism During Exercise. Lippi, G. and Cuidi, CG. Gene manipulation and
The American Physiological Society (1980), pp. 624-629. improvement of athletic performances: new strategies in
blood doping. Br J Sports Med 2004: 38:641.
Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Sanders ME, Cabana MD, Caglar E,
Corthier G, Rayes N, Sherman PM, Timmerman HM, Lippi, G., et al. Blood doping by cobalt. Should we
Vaneechoutte M, Van Loo J, Wolvers DA. Probiotic and measure cobalt in athletes? Journal of Occupational
prebiotic influence beyond the intestinal tract. Nutrition Medicine and Tox. 2006;1:18.
Reviews 2007; 65(11):469-489.
Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, Hammad TA.
Lerman A, Burnett JC, Higano ST, McKinley LJ, Holmes In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of
Jr DR. 1998. Long-term L-arginine supplementation glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Clin Orthop. 2000
improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in Dec;(381):229-40.
humans. Circulation 97(21):2123-2128.
Lippiello L. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate:
Levenhagen DK et al. (2002) Postexercise protein intake biological response modifiers of chondrocytes under
enhances whole-body and leg protein accretion in simulated conditions of joint stress. Osteoarthritis
humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 34:828-837. Cartilage. 2003 May;11(5):335-42.
Lewis RM, Redzic M, Thomas DT. The effects of Liu SQ, Tsao M. Enhancement of survival of probiotic
season-long vitamin D supplementation on collegiate and non-probiotic lactic acid bacteria by yeasts in
swimmers and divers. Int J Sports Nutr Exerc Metab. fermented milk under non-refrigerated conditions.
2013;23(5):431-440. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009;
135(1):34-38.
Lewy AJ, Bauer VK, Cutler NL, Sack RL. Melatonin
treatment of winter depression: a pilot study. Psychiatry Liu TH, Wu CL, Chiang CW, Lo YW, Tseng HF, Chang
Research 1998;77(1):57-61 CK. No effect of short-term arginine supplementation on
nitric oxide production, metabolism and performance in
Lherm T, Monet C, Nougière B, Soulier M, Larbi D, Le
intermittent exercise in athletes. J Nutr Biochem. 2009
Gall C, Caen D, Malbrunot C. Seven cases of fungemia
Jun;20(6):462-8.
with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients.
Intensive Care Medicine 2002; 28(6):797-801. López MV, Cuadrado MP, Ruiz-Poveda OM, Del
Fresno AM, Accame ME. 2007. Neuroprotective effect
Licorice Monograph, Health Canada.
of individual ginsenosides on astrocytes primary
Lim SD, Mooradian SJ, Goldberg CS, Gomez C, Crowley culture. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1770(9):1308-
DC, Rocchini AP, Charpie JR. 2004. Effect of oral 1316
L-arginine on oxidant stress, endothelial dysfunction,
Lopez RM, Casa DJ, Jensen K, Stearns RL, DeMartini
and systemic arterial pressure in young cardiac transplant
JK, Pagnotta KD, Roti MW, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM.
recipients. The American Journal of Cardiology
Comparison of two fluid replacement protocols during a
94(6):828-831.
20-km trail running race in the heat. J Strength Cond Res.
Lim, K., M. Yoshioka, S. Kikuzato, A. Kiyonaga, H. 2016 Jan 29.
Tanaka, M. Shindo, and M. Suzuki (1997). Dietary red
Loucks AB. Energy balance and energy availability. In:
pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest
Maughan RJ, ed. Sports Nutrition, The Encyclopaedia
and during exercise in runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.
of Sports Medicine, an IOC Medical Commission
29:355-361.
Publication. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd;
Linderman, J., and T. D. Fahey. Sodium Bicarbonate 2013:72-87.
Ingestion and Exercise Performance. Sports Medicine,
Lourenco S, Oliveira A, Lopes C. The effect of current
Vol. 11, No. 9, p. 71.
and lifetime alcohol consumption on overall and central
obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(7):813-818.

International Sports Sciences


12 | Appendix

Lucke, Christoph, and Seymour Glick. Experimental


Magal M1, Cain RJ1, Long JC1, Thomas KS1. Pre-Practice
Modification of the Sleep-Induced Peak of Growth
Hydration Status and the Effects of Hydration Regimen
Hormone Secretion. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology
on Collegiate Division III Male Athletes. J Sports Sci
and Metabolism, Vol. 32 (1971), pp. 729-736.
Med. 2015 Mar 1;14(1):23-8. eCollection 2015.
Lukaski HC. Vitamin and mineral status: Effects on
Magnesium Monograph, Health Canada.
physical performance. Nutrition. 2004;20(7-8):632-644.
Magnusson J, Schnürer J. Lactobacillus coryniformis
Luppino, Floriana S., et al. Overweight, obesity, and
subsp. coryniformis strain Si3 produces a broad-spectrum
depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
proteinaceous antifungal compound. Applied and
longitudinal studies. Archives of general psychiatry 67.3
Environmental Microbiology 2001; 67(1):1-5.
(2010): 220-229.
Malgoire JY, Bertout S, Renaud F, Bastide JM, Mallié M.
Lycopene Monograph, Health Canada.
Typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical strains by
Lynch CJ, et al. Potential role of leucine metabolism in using Microsatellite Sequence Polymorphism. Journal of
the leucine-signaling pathway involving mTOR. Am J Clinical Microbiology 2005; 43(3):1133-1137.
Physiol endocrinol Met. 2003 285: E854-E863.
Mancini, DM., Effect of erythropoietin on exercise
Lysine Monograph, Health Canada. capacity in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart
failure. 2003 Jan 21;107(2):294-9.
MacDonald HB. Conjugated linoleic acid and disease
prevention: A review of current knowledge. J Am Coll Manore M, Thompson J. Energy requirements of the
Nutr 19(2 Suppl S):111S-118S (2000). athlete: Assessment and evidence of energy efficiency. In:
Burke L, Deakin V, eds. Clinical Sports Nutrition. 5th ed.
MacDougall, J. D., D. G. Sale, G.C.B. Elder, and J. R. Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill; 2015:114-139.
Sutton. Muscle Ultrastructural Characteristics of Elite
Power-lifters and Bodybuilders. European Journal of Manore, M. Vitamin B6 and Exercise. International
Applied Physiology, Vol. 48 (1982), pp. 117-126. Journal of Sports Nutrition, Vol. 4 (1994), p. 89.

MacDougall, J. D., D. G. Sale, J. R. Moroz, G.C.B. Elder, J. Marconi C, Sassi G, Carpinelli A, Cerretelli P. Effect
R. Sutton, and H. Howald. Mitochondrial Volume Density of L-carnitine loading on the aerobic and anaerobic
in Human Skeletal Muscle Following Heavy Resistance performance of endurance athletes. European Journal of
Training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Applied Physiology 1985;54:131-135.
Vol. 11 (1979), No. 2, pp. 164-166.
Maresh, C., et al. Dietary Supplementation and Improved
MacDougall, J. D., D. G. Sale, S. E. Alway, and J. R. Sutton. Anaerobic Performance. International Journal of Sport
Muscle Fiber Number in Biceps Brachii in Bodybuilders Nutrition, Vol. 4 (1994), p. 387.
and Control Subjects. The American Physiological Society
Marigold Extract and Isolates (Lutein and Zeaxanthin)
(1984), p. 1399.
Monograph, Health Canada.
Mackova, Eva V., Jan Melichna, Karel Vondra, Toivo
Marriott, B. Food Components to Enhance Performance.
Jurimae, Thomas Paul, and Jaroslav Novak. The
Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994.
Relationship Between Anaerobic Performance and Muscle
Metabolic Capacity and Fibre Distribution. European Marseglia L, Manti S, D’Angelo G, Nicotera A, Parisi E,
Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 54 (1985), pp. 413-415. DiRosa G, Gitto E, Arrigo T. Oxidative stress in obesity:
a critical component in human diseases. International
MacLean, William C., Jr., and George G. Graham. The
Journal of Molecular Sciences. Dec 2014; 16(1):378-400.
Effect of Level of Protein Intake in Isoenergetic Diets
on Energy Utilization. American Journal of Clinical Marsit, Joseph, et al. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Serum
Nutrition (1979), pp. 1381-1387. Cortisol and the Testosterone: Cortisol Ratio in Junior
Elite Weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Maffucci DM, McMurray RG. Towards optimizing
Research, Vol. 12 (1998), pp. 179-184.
the timing of the pre-exercise meal. Int J Sport Nutr
Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):103-13.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 13

Marteau P, Jacobs H, Cazaubiel M, Signoret C, Prevel J-M,


McArdle, et al. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, &
Housez B. Effects of chicory inulin in constipated elderly
Human Performance, Sixth Edition, 2007.
people: a double-blind controlled trial. International of
Food Sciences and Nutrition 2011;62(2):164-170. McCall, GE, et al. Muscle fiber hypertrophy, hyperplasia,
and capillary density in college men after resistance
Mathur S, Singh R. Antibiotic resistance in food lactic
training. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5):2004-2012, 1996.
acid bacteria - a review. International Journal of Food
Microbiology 2005; 105(3):281-295. McCartney D, Desbrow B, Irwin C. The Effect of Fluid
Intake Following Dehydration on Subsequent Athletic
Mattarelli P, Bonaparte C, Pot B, Biavati B. Proposal to
and Cognitive Performance: a Systematic Review and
reclassify the three biotypes of Bifidobacterium longum as
Meta-analysis. Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec;3(1):13
three subspecies: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum
subsp. nov., Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis McCarty M. Glucosamine for wound healing. Med
comb. nov. and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis comb. Hypotheses 1996;47:273-5.
nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology. 2008; 58(4):767-772. McClung JP, Karl JP, Cable SJ, et al. Randomized, double-
blind, placebo controlled trial of iron supplementation in
Maughan RJ, Leiper JB, Shirreffs SM. Restoration of fluid female soldiers during military training: Effects on iron
balance after exercise-induced dehydration: effects of food status, physical performance, and mood. Am J Clin Nutr.
and fluid intake. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;73:317-325. 2009;90(1):124-131.
Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM, Leiper JB. Rehydration and McCrory MA, Gomez TD, Bernauer EM, Molé PA:
recovery after exercise. Sport Sci Exc. 1996;9(62):1-5. Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph
for measuring human body composition. Med Sci Sports
Maughan, R.J., S.J. Merson, N.P. Broad and S.M. Shirreffs
Exerc 1995, 27:1686-1691.
(2004). Fluid and electrolyte intake and loss in elite
soccer players during training. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. McCullough MJ, Clemons KV, McCusker JH, Stevens DA.
Metab. 14:333-346. 1998. Species identification and virulence attributes of
Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.). Journal of Clinical
Maughan, Ronald. Creatine Supplementation and
Microbiology 36(9):2613-2617.
Exercise Performance. International Journal of Sport
Nutrition (1995), pp. 94-101. McDaniel, ML., et al. Metabolic and autocrine regulation
of the mammalian target of rapamycin by B-cells.
Maxwell, N.S., F. Gardner, and M.A. Nimmo (1999).
Diabetes. 2002 51:2877-2885.
Intermittent running: muscle metabolism in the heat
and effect of hypohydration. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, Elmer GW,
31:675-683. Moyer KA, Melcher SA, Bowen KE, Cox JL. Prevention
of beta-lactam-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces
Mayer, Jean, Roy Purnima, and Kamakhya Prasad Mitra.
boulardii compared with placebo. The American Journal
Relation Between Caloric Intake, Body Weight, and
of Gastroenterology 1995; 90(3):439-448.
Physical Work: Studies in an Industrial Male Population
in West Bengal. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, McFarland LV. Systematic review and meta-analysis of
Vol. 4 (1956), No. 2, pp. 169-175. Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients. World Journal
of Gastroenterology 2010; 16(18):2202-2222.
Mazieres B et al. Chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of
the knee: A prospective, double blind, placebo controlled McGregor, S.J., C.W. Nicholas, H.K.A. Lakomy, and C.
multicenter clinical study. Journal of Rheumatology Williams (1999). The influence of intermittent high-
2001;28:173-81. intensity shuttle running and fluid ingestion on the
performance of a soccer skill. J. Sports Sci. 17:895-903.
McAlindon TE, MP La Valley, JP Gulin and DT
Felson. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, editors.
osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta- 1997. American Herbal Products Association’s Botanical
analysis, JAMA 2000; 283(11):1469-1475. Safety Handbook. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press

International Sports Sciences


14 | Appendix

McGuffin M, Kartesz JT, Leung AY, Tucker AO, editors.


Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, Wolmer L, Karni N,
2000. Herbs of Commerce, 2nd edition. Austin(TX):
Weizman A. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood
American Herbal Products Association.
levels. Biological Psychiatry 1995;37(5):348-350.
McGuine, T. A., Sullivan, J. C. & Bernhardt, D. A. (2002).
Methionine Monograph, Health Canada.
Creatine supplementation in Wisconsin high school
athletes. Wmj 101, 25-30. Mettler S, Mitchell N, Tipton KD. Increased protein
intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in
McGuine, T. A., Sullivan, J. C. & Bernhardt, D. T. (2001).
athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010; 42(2):326-337.
Creatine supplementation in high school football players.
Clin. J. Sport Med. 11, 247-253. Meydani, M., et al. Protective Effect of Vitamin E on
Exercise-Induced Oxidative Damage in Young and Older
McLaughlin T, Carter S, Lamendola C, Abbasi F, Yee
Adults. American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 264 (1993),
G, Schaaf P, Basina M, Reaven G. Effects of moderate
pp. R992-R998.
variations in macronutrient composition on weight loss
and reduction in cardiovascular disease risk in obese, Mihic S, MacDonald JR, McKenzie S, Tarnopolsky MA.
insulin-resistant adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(4):813-21 2000. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but
does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK
McLellan TM1, Pasiakos SM, Lieberman HR. Effects of
activity in men and women. Medicine & Science in Sports
protein in combination with carbohydrate supplements
and Exercise 32(2):291-296.
on acute or repeat endurance exercise performance: a
systematic review. Sports Med. 2014 Apr;44(4):535-50. doi: Milk Thistle Monograph, Health Canada.
10.1007/s40279-013-0133-y.
Miller BF, Olesen JL, Hansen M, et al. Coordinated
Medina EA, Horn WF, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Benito P, collagen and muscle protein synthesis in human patella
Kelley DS, Nelson GJ, Erickson KL. Conjugated linoleic tendon and quadriceps muscle after exercise. J Physiol.
acid supplementation in humans: Effects on circulating 2005;567(pt 3):1021-1033.
leptin concentrations and appetite. Lipids 35:783-788
(2000). Miller, ME., et al. Mechanism of erythropoietin
production by cobalt. Blood. 1974 Sept 44(3):339-346.
Melatonin - Oral Monograph, Health Canada.
Mills S, Bone K. 2000. Principles and Practice of
Melatonin - Sublingual Monograph, Health Canada. Phytotherapy. Toronto (ON): Churchill Livingstone.
Menne E, Guggenbuhl, Roberfroid M. Fn-type chicory Mills S, Bone K. 2005. The Essential Guide
inulin hydrolysate has a prebiotic effect in humans. to Herbal Safety. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Churchill
Journal of Nutrition 2000;130:1197-1199. Livingstone.
Merimee, T. J., D. Rabinowitz, and S. E. Fineberg. Millward DJ. Optimal intakes of protein in the human
Arginine-Initiated Release of Human Growth Hormone. diet. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 May;58(2):403-13.
New England Journal of Medicine (1969), pp. 1434-1438.
Miner JL, Cederberg CA, Nielsen MK, Chen XL, Baile
Merimee, Thomas J., David Rabinowitz, Lamar Riggs, CA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), body fat, and
John A. Burgess, David L. Rimoin, and Victor A. apoptosis. Obesity Res. 9:129-134 (2001).
McKusick. Plasma Growth Hormone After Arginine
Infusion. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 23 Misic, M. & Kelley, G. A. (2002). The impact of creatine
(1967), pp. 434-438. supplementation on anaerobic performance: A meta-
analysis. Am. J. Med. Sports 4, 116-124.
Mero AA, Keskinen KL, Malvela MT, Sallinen
JM. Combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate Mitchell CJ, et al. Supplementation of a suboptimal
supplementation enhances interval swimming. J Strength protein dose with leucine or essential amino acids: Effects
Cond Res. 2004 May;18(2):306-10. on myofibrillar protein synthesis at rest and following
resistance exercise in men. J Physiol. 2012;590(pt
Mertz, Walter. Assessment of the Trace Element 11):2751-2765.
Nutritional Status. Nutrition Research (1985), pp. 169-
174.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 15

Mitchell, J. B., D. L. Costill, J. A. Houmard, M. G. Flynn,


Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, et al. The IOC
W. J. Fink, and J. D. Beltz. Effects of Carbohydrate
consensus statement: Beyond the female athlete triad—
Ingestion on Gastric Emptying and Exercise Performance.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Br J Sports
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 20
Med. 2014;48(7):491-497.
(1988), No. 2, pp. 110-115.
MSM Monograph, Health Canada.
Mittleman, K. D., M. R. Ricci, and S. P. Bailey. Branched-
Chain Amino Acids Prolong Exercise During Heat Stress Muckle, D. (1973). Glucose syrup ingestion and team
in Men and Women. Medicine and Science in Sports and performance in soccer. Brit. J. Sports Med. 7:340-
Exercise, Vol. 30 (1998), pp. 83-91. 343.
Monteleone, P., L. Beinat, C. Tanzillo, M. Maj, and Müeller DM, Seim H, Kiess W, Löster H, Richter T. Effects
D. Kemali. Effects of Phosphatidylserine on the of oral L-carnitine supplementation on in vivo long-
Neuroendocrine Response to Physical Response in chain fatty acid oxidation in healthy adults. Journal of
Humans. Neuroendocrinology, Vol. 52 (1990), pp. Metabolism 2002;51(11):1389-1391.
243-248.
Mujika, I., S. Padilla, J. Ibañez, M. Izquierdo, and E.
Monteleone, P., M. Maj, L. Beinat, M. Natale, and Gorostiaga (2000). Creatine supplementation and sprint
D. Kemali. Blunting by Chronic Phosphatidylserine performance in soccer players. Med. Sci Sports Exerc.
Administration of the Stress-Induced Activation of the 32:518-522.
Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Healthy Men.
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 43 Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Monograph, Health
(1992), pp. 385-388. Canada.

Montner P, Stark DM, Riedesel ML, Murata G, Robergs Murad H. and Tabibian M. P., The effect of an
R, Timms M, Chick TW. Pre-exercise glycerol hydration oral supplement containing glucosamine, amino
improves cycling endurance time. Int J Sports Med. acids, minerals, and antioxidants on cutaneous
1996;17(1):27–33. aging:
a preliminary study. J Dermatolog Treat
Moore DR, Robinson MJ, Fry JL, et al. Ingested 2001 Mar;12(1)47-51.
protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein
synthesis after resistance exercise in young men. Am J Murphy LL, Lee TJ. 2002. Ginseng, sex behavior, and
Clin Nutr. 2009;89(1):161-168. nitric oxide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
962:372-377
Moran DS, McClung JP, Kohen T, Lieberman HR.
Vitamin D and physical performance. Sports Med. Murphy, T., et al. Performance Enhancing Ration
2013;43(7): 601-611. Components Project: U.S. Army. Abstract presented at the
11th Annual Symposium of Sports and Cardiovascular
Morelli L. In vitro selection of probiotic lactobacilli: Nutritionists, Atlanta, Georgia, 22-24 April 1994.
a critical appraisal. Current Issues in Intestinal
Microbiology 2000; 1(2):59-67. Murray, Robert; Dennis E. Eddy, Tami W. Murray,
John G. Seifert, Gregory L. Paul, and George A.
Morrissey, S., R. Wang, and E. R. Burke. Evaluation of Halaby. The Effect of Fluid and Carbohydrate Feedings
the Effects of a Complex Herbal Formulation on Lactate During Intermittent Cycling Exercise. Medicine and
Metabolism. Paper presented at the national meeting Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.19 (1987), No. 6, pp.
of the American College of Sports Medicine, Orlando, 597-604.
Florida, June 6, 1998.
Mustafa, K. Y., and N. E. Mahmoud (1979). Evaporative
Moss M. The effect of chondroitin sulfate on bone water loss in African soccer players. J. Sports Med. Phys.
healing. Georgetown University School of Dentistry Fit. 19:181-183.
1965; 20(6):795-801.
Mutch, B.J.C., and E. W. Banister. Ammonia Metabolism
Mountjoy M, Alonso JM, Bergeron MF, et al. in Exercise and Fatigue: A Review. Medicine and
Hyperthermic-related challenges in aquatics, athletics, Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.15 (1983), No.1, pp
football, tennis and triathlon. Br J Sports Med. 41-50.
2012;46(11): 800-804.
N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Monograph, Health Canada.

International Sports Sciences


16 | Appendix

Nagaya N, Uematsu M, Oya H, Sato N, Sakamaki F,


Niacinamide Monograph, Health Canada.
Kyotani S, Ueno K, Nakanishi N, Yamagishi M, Miyatake
K. 2001. Short-term oral administration of L-arginine Nicholas, C.W., C. Williams, H.K.A. Lakomy, G.
improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients Phillips, and A. Nowitz (1995). Influence of ingesting a
with precapillary pulmonary hypertension. American carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on endurance capacity
Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine during intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. J.
163(4):887-891. Sports Sci. 13:283-290.
Nair KS, Schwartz RG, Welle S (1992). Leucine as a Nicholas, C.W., P.A. Green, R.D. Hawkins, and C.
regulator of whole body and skeletal muscle protein Willliams (1997). Carbohydrate intake and recovery
metabolism in humans. American Journal of Physiology of intermittent running capacity. Int. J. Sport Nutr.
263, E928-34. 7:251-260.
Nakamura LK. Lactobacillus amylovorus, a new starch- Nickols-Richardson SM, Beiseigel JM, Gwazdauskas FC.
hydrolyzing species from cattle waste-corn fermentations. Eating restraint is negatively associated with biomarkers
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1981; of bone turnover but not measurements of bone mineral
31(1):56-63. density in young women. J Am Diet Assoc.
2006;106(7): 1095-1101.
Nakamura Y, Fukuhara H, Sano K. Secreted phytase
activities of yeasts. Bioscience Biotechnology and Nicol LM1, Rowlands DS, Fazakerly R, Kellett J.
Biochemistry 2000; 64(4):841-844. Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed
onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Eur J Appl Physiol.
Nam SH. Genome sequence of Lactobacillus
2015 Aug;115(8):1769-77.
farciminis KCTC 3681. Journal of Bacteriology 2011;
193(7):1790-1791. Nieman DC. Physical fitness and vegetarian diets:
is there a relation? Am J Clin Nutr. 1999
Nattiv A, Loucks AB, Manore MM, et al. American
Sep;70(3 Suppl):570S-575S.
College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female
athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):18671882. Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Takemoto H, Nakamura S,
Umemura T, Jitsuiki D, Soga J, Goto C, Chayama K,
Navarro, JF., et al. Randomized prospective comparison
Yoshizumi M, Higashi Y. Pycnogenol®, French maritime
between erythropoietin and androgens in CAPD patients.
pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent
Kidney Int. 2002 Apr;61(4):1537-44.
vasodilation in humans. Hypertens Res 30: 775-780, 2007.
Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, Rotstein J,
Nishizawa, N., M. Shimbo, S. Hareyama, and R. Funabiki.
Hugenholtz A, Feeley M. Effects of caffeine on human
Fractional Catabolic Rates of Myosin and Actin Estimated
health. Food Additives and Contaminants
by Urinary Excretion of N-Methylhistidine: The Effect
2003;20(1):1-30.
of Dietary Protein Level on Catabolic Rates Under
Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Beine S, Verwied SC, Conditions of Restricted Food Intake. British Journal of
Lührmann PM. Coffee consumption and total body Nutrition, Vol. 37 (1976), pp. 345-421.
water homeostasis as measured by fluid balance and
Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M et al (1996). Effect of leucine
bioelectrical impedance analysis. Annals of Nutrition and
metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle
Metabolism 1997;41(1):29-36.
metabolism during resistance-exercise training. Journal
Newsholme EA, Calder PC (1997). The proposed role of Applied Physiology 81, 2095-104.
of glutamine in some cells of the immune system and
Nissen, S. L. & Sharp, R. L. (2003). Effect of dietary
speculative consequences for the whole animal. Nutrition
supplements on lean mass and strength gains with
13, 728-30
resistance exercise: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 94,
NHLBI. 2013. Managing Overweight and Obesity in 651-659.
Adults: Systematic Evidence Review from the Obesity
Nissen, S., et al. Effect of Leucine Metabolite Beta-
Expert Panel.
Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate on Muscle Metabolism
Niacin Monograph, Health Canada. During Resistance Training. Journal of Applied
Physiology, Vol. 81 (1996), pp. 2095-2104.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 17

Nissen, S., et al. Effects of Feeding Beta-Hydroxy


Okano, Goroh, Hidekatsu Takeda, Isao Morita, Mitsuru
Beta-Methylbutyrate (BHBM) on Body Composition
Katoh, Zuien Mu, and Shosuke Miyake. Effect of Pre-
in Women. Federation of American Societies of
Exercise Fructose Ingestion on Endurance Performance
Experimental Biology Journal, Vol. 11 (1997), pg. A290.
in Fed Men. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Noakes M, Foster PR, Keogh JB, James AP, Mamo Exercise, Vol. 20 (1987), No. 7, pp. 105-109.
JC, Clifton PM. Comparison of isocaloric very low
Okudan N, Gökbel H. 2005. The effects of creatine
carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/
supplementation on performance during the repeated
low saturated fat diets on body composition and
bouts of supramaximal exercise. Journal of Sports
cardiovascular risk. Nutr Metab. 2006;11;3:7
Medicine and Physical Fitness 45(4):507-512.
Noakes TD. The dehydration myth and carbohydrate
Oliff, H.S. eta al. Scientific And Clinical M O N O G R
replacement during prolonged exercise. Cycling Sci
A P H For Proprietary Botanical Ingredient Pycnogenol
1990; 1:23-29.
(French Maritime Pine Bark Extract). American Botanical
Noordzij M, Uiterwaal CS, Arends LR, Kok FJ, Council.
Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM. Blood pressure response to
O’Neill DC, Cronin O, O’Neill SB, Woods T, Keohane
chronic intake of coffee and caffeine: a meta-analysis of
DM, Molloy MG, Falvey EC.
randomized controlled trials. Journal of Hypertension
2005;23(5):921-928. Oopik V, Paasuke M, Timpmann S, Medijainen L, Ereline
J, Gapejeva J. Effects of creatine supplementation during
Nosaka N, Suzuki Y, Nagatoishi A, Kasai M, Wu
recovery from rapid body mass reduction on metabolism
J, Taguchi M. Effect of ingestion of medium-
and muscle performance capacity in well-trained
chain
wrestlers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002 Sep;42(3):330-9.
triacylglycerols on moderate- and high-intensity exercise
in recreational athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). Ormsbee MJ, Bach CW, Baur DA. Preexercise nutrition:
2009 Apr;55(2):120-5. The role of macronutrients, modified starches and
supplements on metabolism and endurance performance.
Nuviala Mateo RJ, Lapieza Lainez MG. The intake of
Nutrients. 2014;6(5):1782-1808.
proteins and essential amino acids in top-competing
women athletes. Nutr Hosp. 1997 Mar-Apr;12(2):85-91. Oscai, Lawrence B., and John O. Holloszy. Effects of
Weight Changes Produced by Exercise, Food Restriction,
Nyakayiru J, et al. Beetroot Juice Supplementation
or Overeating on Body Composition. Journal of Clinical
Improves High-Intensity Intermittent Type Exercise
Investigation, Vol. 48 (1969), pp. 2124-2128.
Performance in Trained Soccer Players. Nutrients. 2017
Mar; 9(3): 314. Ostojic SM. Creatine supplementation in young
soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.
O’Connor H, Slater G. Losing, gaining and making weight
2004 Feb;14(1):95-103.
for athletes. In: LanhamNew S, Stear S, Sherriffs M,
Collins A, eds. Sport and Exercise Nutrition. West Sussex, Ostojic, S., and S. Mazic (2002). Effects of a carbohydrate-
UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:210-232. electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance.
J. Sports Sci. Med. 2:47-53.
Oben J, Kothari SC, Anderson ML. An open label study to
determine the effects of an oral proteolytic enzyme system Paddon-Jones, D. J., and D. Pearson. Cost-Effectiveness
on whey protein concentrate metabolism in healthy males. of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Meals and Their Impact on
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Performance. Journal of Conditioning Research, Vol. 12
2008, 5:10. (1998), pp. 90-94.
Office Of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Dietary Supplement Pallafacchina, G, et al. A protein kinase B-dependent and
Professional Fact Sheets, 2017. rapamycin-sensitive pathway controls skeletal muscle
growth but not fiber type specification. PNAS. 2002
Oil Products, Multiple Ingredient Fixed Monograph,
99(14): 9213-9218.
Health Canada.

International Sports Sciences


18 | Appendix

Pallarés JG, Martínez-Abellán A, López-Gullón JM,


Parkhouse, W. S., and D. C. McKenzie. Possible
Morán-Navarro R, De la Cruz-Sánchez E, Mora-
Contribution of Skeletal Muscle Buffers to Enhanced
Rodríguez R. Muscle contraction velocity, strength and
Anaerobic Performance: A Brief Review. Medicine and
power output changes following different degrees of
Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 16 (1984), No. 4, pp.
hypohydration in competitive olympic combat sports. J
328-338.
Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Mar 8;13:10.
Parr EB, Camera DM, Areta JL, et al. Alcohol ingestion
Palmer, Warren K. Introduction to Symposium: Cyclic
impairs maximal postexercise rates of myofibrillar protein
AMP Regulation of Fuel Metabolism During Exercise.
synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 20
PloS ONE. 2014;9(2):e88384.
(1988), No. 6, pp. 523-524.
Parry-Billings M, Blomstrand E, Leighton B et al
Pancreatic Enzymes Monograph, Health Canada.
(1990). Does endurance exercise impair glutamine
Pantoflickova D, Corthésy-Theulaz I, Dorta G, Stolte M, metabolism? Canadian Journal of Sport Science 13,
Isler P, Rochat F, Enslen M, and Blum AL. Favourable 13P.
effect of regular intake of fermented milk containing
Parry-Billings M, Budgett R, Koutedakis K et al (1992).
Lactobacillus johnsonii on Helicobacter pylori associated
Plasma amino acid concentrations in the overtraining
gastritis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
syndrome: Possible effects on the immune system.
2003; 18(8):805-813.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 24, 1353-8.
Pantothenic Acid Monograph, Health Canada.
Pascoe DD, Gladden LB. Muscle glycogen resynthesis
Papain Monograph, Health Canada. after short term, high intensity exercise and resistence
exercise. Sports Med. 1996;21:98-118.
Para Aminobenzoic Acid Monograph, Health Canada.
Passe, D.H., M. Horn, J. Stofan, and R. Murray
Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. Mechanisms of action (2004). Palatability and voluntary intake of sports
of conjugated linoleic acid: evidence and speculation. beverages, diluted orange juice, and water during
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000 Jan;223(1):8-13. exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 14:272-284.

Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active Patlar S, Yalçin H, Boyali E. The effect of glycerol
isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog. Lipid Res. supplements on aerobic and anaerobic performance
40:283-298 (2001). of athletes and sedentary subjects. J Hum Kinet. 2012
Oct;34:69-79.
Pariza MW. 2004. Perspective on the safety and
effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid. The American Paul M La Bounty, et al. International Society of Sports
Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(Supplement Nutrition position stand: meal frequency. Journal of the
6):1132S-1136S. International Society of Sports Nutrition 2011, 8:4 (16
March 2011)
Pariza, M. Mechanism of Body Fat Reduction by
Conjugated Linoleic Acid. Federation of American Pavlovic P. Improved endurance by use of
Societies of Experimental Biology Journal, Vol. 11 (1997), antioxidants. Eur Bull Drug Res 7(2): 26-29, 1999.
pg. A139.
Peeling P, Sim M, Badenhorst CE, et al. Iron status and
Parker JO, Parker JD, Caldwell RW, Farrell B, Kaesemeyer the acute post-exercise hepcidin response in athletes. PloS
WH. 2002. The effect of supplemental L-arginine on ONE. 2014;9(3):e93002.
tolerance development during continuous transdermal
nitroglycerin therapy. Journal of the American College of Peeling P, Dawson B, Goodman C, Landers G, Trinder
Cardiology 39(7):1199-1203 D. Athletic induced iron deficiency: New insights into the
role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones. Eur J Appl
Physiol. 2008;103(4):381-391.

Pennings B, Boirie Y, Senden JM, Gijsen AP, Kuipers


H, van Loon LJ. Whey protein stimulates postprandial
muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein
and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin Nutr.
2011;93(5): 997-1005.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 19

Peppermint Monograph, Health Canada.


Phillips SM, Van Loon LJ. Dietary protein for athletes:
Périard JD, Racinais S, Knez WL, Herrera CP, Christian From requirements to optimum adaptation. J Sports Sci.
RJ, Girard O. Coping with heat stress during match-play 2011;29(suppl 1):S29-S38.
tennis: does an individualised hydration regimen enhance
Phillips SM. A brief review of critical processes in
performance and recovery? Br J Sports Med. 2014 Apr;48
exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy. Sports Med.
Suppl 1:i64-70.
2014;44(suppl 1): S71-S77.
Péteri Z, Teren J, Vagvolgyi C, Varga J. Ochratoxin
Phillips SM. Dietary protein requirements and adaptive
degradation and adsorption caused by astaxanthin-
advantages in athletes. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(suppl
producing yeasts. Food Microbiology 2007; 24(3):205-210.
2):S158-S167.
Peternelj TT, Coombes JS. Antioxidant supplementation
Philp A, Hargreaves M, Baar K. More than a store:
during exercise training: Beneficial or detrimental? Sports
Regulatory roles for glycogen in skeletal muscle
Med. 2011;41(12):1043-1069.
adaptation to exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol
Petrie K, Conaglen JV, Thompson L, Chamberlain K. Metab. 2012;302(11):E1343-E1351.
Effect of melatonin on jet lag after long haul flights.
Phinney SD, Bistrian BR, Evans WJ, Gervino E,
British Medical Journal 1989;298(6675):705-7
Blackburn GL. The human metabolic response to
Petrie K, Dawson AG, Thompson L, Brook R. A double- chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: Preservation
blind trial of melatonin as a treatment for jet lag in of submaximal exercise capability with reduced
international cabin crew. Biological Psychiatry 1993;33(7): carbohydrate oxidation. Metab Clin Experiment.
526-30 1983;32(8): 769-776.

Peyrebrune MC, Nevill ME, Donaldson FJ et al Phosphatidylserine Monograph, Health Canada.


(1998). The effects of oral creatine supplementation
Picard C, Fioramonti J, Francois A, Robinson T, Neant
on performance in single and repeated sprint
F, Matuchansky C. Review article: bifidobacteria as
swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences 16, 271-9.
probiotic agents -- physiological effects and clinical
Peyrollier K, et al. L-leucine availability regulates benefits. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p70 kinase and glycogen 2005; 22(6):495-512.
synthase-3 activity in L6 muscle cells: evidence for the
Piehl, Karin. Time Course for Refilling of Glycogen
involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin
Stores in Human Muscle Fibres Following Exercise-
(mTOR) pathway in the L-leucine-induced up-regulation
Induced Glycogen Depletion. Acta Physiologica
of system A amino acid transport. Biochem J. 2000 Sep
Scandinavica, Vol. 90 (1974), pp. 297-302.
1;350 Pt2:361-8.
Pinkoski C, Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Esliger D,
Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J. Bioactive substances in milk
Ewaschuk JB, Facci M, Farthing JP, Zello GA. 2006. The
with properties decreasing risk of cardiovascular diseases.
effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during
Brit. J. Nutr. 84: S155-S159 (Suppl. 1) (2000).
resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Philip P, Taillard J, Moore N, Delord S, Valtat C, Sagaspe Exercise 38(2):339-348.
P, Bioulac B. The effects of coffee and napping on night
Pizza, F., et al. A Carbohydrate Loading Regimen
time highway driving: a randomized trial. Annals of
Improves High Intensity, Short Duration Exercise
Internal Medicine 2006;144(11):785-791.
Performance. International Journal of Sport Science
Phillips SM, Chevalier S, Leidy HJ. Protein requirements (1995), pp. 110-116.
beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health. Appl
Plant Stanol Esters Monograph, Health Canada.
Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 May;41(5):565-72.
Plant Sterol Esters Monograph, Health Canada.
Phillips SM, Moore DR, Tang JE. A critical
examination of dietary protein requirements, benefits, Pline KA, Smith CL. 2005. The effect of creatine intake
and excesses in athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. on renal function. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2007;17(suppl 17):S58-S76. 39(6):1093-1096.

International Sports Sciences


20 | Appendix

Plioplys, Audrius V and Sigita Plioplys, Amantadine


Pridmore RD, Berger B, Desiere F, Vilanova D, Barretto
and L-carnitine treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome,
C, Pittet AC, Zwahlen MC, Rouvet M, Altermann E,
Neuropsychobiology Vol. 35 (1997): 16-23.
Barrangou R, Mollet B, Mercenier A, Klaenhammer
Plioplys, AV and S Plioplys, Serum levels of carnitine T, Arigoni F, Schell MA. The genome sequence of the
in chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical correlates, probiotic intestinal bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii
Neuropsychobiology Vol. 32 (1995): 132-139. NCC 533. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States of America
Pöchmüller M, Schwingshackl L, Colombani PC, 2004; 101(8):2512-2517.
Hoffmann G. A systematic review and meta-analysis
of carbohydrate benefits associated with randomized Pringle, JS., et al. Oxygen uptake kinetics during
controlled competition-based performance trials.J Int Soc moderate, heavy and severe submaximal exercise humans:
Sports Nutr. 2016 Jul 11;13:27. the influence of muscle fiber type and capillarisation. Eur
J Appl Physiol. 2003 May;89(3-4):289-300.
Pojednic RM, Ceglia L. The emerging biomolecular
role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Pritchard NR, Kalra PA. 1998. Renal dysfunction
Rev. accompanying oral creatine supplements. The Lancet
2014;42(2):76-81. 351(9111):1252-1253.

Popkin BM, D’Anci KE, Rosenberg IH. Water, hydration, Probart CK, Bird PJ, Parker KA. Diet and athletic
and health. Nutr Rev. 2010 Aug;68(8):439-58. performance. Med Clin North Am. 1993 Jul;77(4):757-72.

Prasad, Ananda S. Role of Trace Elements in Growth and Probiotics Monograph, Health Canada.
Development. Nutrition Research (1985), pp. 295-299.
Protease, Fungal Monograph, Health Canada.
Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin RE, Basu TK. 2006. Immune
Prud’homme, D. C. Bouchard, C. Leblanc, F. Landry,
Modulating Effects of Daily Supplementation of
and E. Fontaine. Sensitivity of Maximal Aerobic Power
COLD- fX (a Proprietary Extract of North American
to Training Is Genotype-Dependent. Medicine and
Ginseng) in Healthy Adults. Journal of Clinical
Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 16 (1984), No. 5, pp.
Biochemistry and Nutrition 39:162-167
489-493.
Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin RE, Donner A, Stitt L, Basu
Psyllium - Plantago afra Monograph, Health Canada.
TK. 2005. Efficacy of an extract of North American
ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides Psyllium - Plantago arenaria Monograph, Health Canada.
for preventing upper respiratory tract infections:
a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Psyllium - Plantago ovata Monograph, Health Canada.
Association 173(9):1043-1048
Pujalte J et al. Double-blind clinical evaluation of
Preen D, Dawson B, Goodman C, Beilby J, Ching S. oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of
Creatine supplementation: a comparison of loading and osteoarthrosis. Curr. Med. Res. Opin 1980; 7(2):110-114.
maintenance protocols on creatine uptake by human
skeletal muscle. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Pycnogenol®, French maritime pine bark extract,
Mar;13(1):97-111. augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in
humans. Hypertens Res 30: 775-780, 2007.
Prentice, A.M. & Jebb, S.A., 2001. Beyond body mass
index. Obes. Rev., 2(3), pp.141–7. Qiu, G. X., et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate
versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Prevost MC, Nelson AG, Morris GS (1997). Creatine Arzneimittelforschung 1998 May;48(5):469-474.
supplementation enhances intermittent work
performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport Quercetin Monograph, Health Canada.
68, 233-40.
Quesnele JJ, Laframboise MA, Wong JJ, Kim P, Wells
GD. The effects of beta-alanine supplementation on
performance: A systematic review of the literature. Int J
Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014;24(1):14-27.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 21

Raff M, Tholstrup T, Toubro S, Bruun JM, Lund P,


Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. 2006. The glycaemic
Straarup EM, Christensen R, Sandberg MB, Mandrup
effects of single doses of Panax ginseng in young
S. 2009. Conjugated linoleic acids reduce body fat in
healthy volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition
healthy postmenopausal women. The Journal of Nutrition
96(4):639-642
39(7):1347-1352
Redondo, D.R., E.A. Dowling, B.L. Graham, A.L. Almada,
Rafii M1, Chapman K1, Elango R2, Campbell WW3,
and M.H. Williams (1996). The effect of oral creatine
Ball RO4, Pencharz PB5, Courtney-Martin G6. Dietary
monohydrate supplementation on running velocity. Int. J.
Protein Requirement of Men >65 Years Old Determined
Sport Nutr. 6:213-221.
by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique Is
Higher than the Current Estimated Average Requirement. Reess M. Botanische Untersuchungen über die
J Nutr. 2016 Mar 9. Alkoholgährungspilze; 1870. p.83. (in German)
Raman A1, Macdermid PW, Mündel T, Mann M, Reginster J. Effects of glucosamine sulphate on
Stannard SR. The effects of carbohydrate loading 48 osteoarthritis progression: a randomized, placebo-
hours before a simulated squash match. Int J Sport Nutr controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2001; 357(9252):251-256.
Exerc Metab. 2014 Apr;24(2):157-65.
Rehrer NJ, van Kemenade M, Meester W, Brouns F, Saris
Ramnani P, Gaudier E, Bingham M, van Bruggen P, WH. Gastrointestinal complaints in relation to dietary
Tuohy KM, Gibson GR. Prebiotic effect of fruit and intake in triathletes. Int J Sports Nutr. 1992;2(1):48-59.
vegetable shots containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin: a
human intervention study. British Journal of Nutrition Reichelt A, Forster K, Fisher M, et al. Efficacy and safety
2010;104(2):233-240. of intramuscular glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of
the knee. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind
Rankin JW. Glycemic index and exercise metabolism. study. Arzneimittelforschung 1994;44:75-80.
Sport Sci Exch.1997;10(1):1-8.
Reid G, Jass J, Sebulsky MT, McCormick JK. Potential
Rasmusen M, Karlson J. Diet and muscle glycogen uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clinical
concentration in relation to physical performance Microbiology Reviews 2003; 16(4):658-672.
in Swedish elite ice hockey players. Int J Sport
Nutr. 1996;6:272-284. Reid G. Minireview- The scientific basis for
probiotic strains of Lactobacillus. Applied and
Rasmussen RB, Phillips SM. (2003). Contractile and Environmental Microbiology 1999; 65(9):3763-
nutritional regulation of human muscle growth. Exerc. 3766.
Sport Sci. Rev. 31:127-131.
Rennie MJ (1996). Glutamine metabolism and transport
Rawson ES, Clarkson PM, Price TB, Miles MP. in skeletal muscle and heart and their clinical relevance.
Differential response of muscle phosphocreatine to Journal of Nutrition 126(4), 1142S-9S.
creatine supplementation in young and old subjects. Acta
Physiol Scand. 2002 Jan;174(1):57-65. Rennie MJ, Tadros L, Khogali S et al (1994). Glutamine
transport and its metabolic effects. Journal of Nutrirtion
Rawson, E. S. & Volek, J. S. (2003). The effects of creatine 124, 1503S-8S.
supplementation and resistance training on muscle
strength and weight-lifting performance. J. Strength Rhodiola Monograph, Health Canada.
Cond. Res. 17, 822-831.
Riboflavin Monograph, Health Canada.
Rawson, E. S., Gunn, B. & Clarkson, P. M. (2001). The
effects of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced Rico-Sanz, J, W.R. Frontera, M.A. Rivera, A. Rivera-
muscle damage. J. Strength Cond. Res. 15, 178-184. Brown, P.A. Mole, and C.N. Meredith (1996). Effects
of hyperhydration on total body water, temperature
Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. 2006. Effects of regulation and performance of elite young soccer players
Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, in a warm climate. Int J Sports Med. 17:85-91.
on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance
during sustained ‘mentally demanding’ tasks. Journal of Rico-Sanz, J., W.R. Frontera, P.A. Mole, M.A. Rivera, A.
Psychopharmacology 20(6):771-781 Rivera-Brown, and C.N. Meredith (1998). Dietary and
performance assessment of elite soccer players during a
period of intense training. Int. J. Sport Nutr. 8:230-240.

International Sports Sciences


22 | Appendix

Rindone J, Hiller D, Collacott E, et al. Randomized,


Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark
controlled trials of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis
extract (Pycnogenol®), a herbal medication with a
of the knee. West J Med 2000;172:91-4.
diverse pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 40:
Rivera-Espinoza Y, Muriel P. 2009. Pharmacological 158-168, 2002.
actions of curcumin in liver diseases or damage. Liver
Rolfe RD. The role of probiotic cultures in the control
International 29(10):1457-1466.
of gastrointestinal health. Journal of Nutrition 2000;
Roberfroid M. Prebiotics: The Concept Revisited. The 130(Supplement 2S):396S-402S.
Journal of Nutrition 2007b;137:830S-837S.
Romer LM, Barrington JP, Jeukendrup AE. Effects of oral
Roberfroid MB. Inulin-type fructans: functional creatine supplementation on high intensity, intermittent
food ingredients. The Journal of Nutrition exercise performance in competitive squash players. Int J
2007a;137:2493S-2502S. Sports Med. 2001 Nov;22(8):546-52.

Roberts PA1, Fox J1, Peirce N1, Jones SW1, Casey Romieu, Isabelle, Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer,
A2, Greenhaff PL3,4. Creatine ingestion augments Graham A. Colditz, Laura Sampson, Bernard Rosner,
dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen Charles Hennekens, and Frank E. Speizer. Energy Intake
supercompensation during the initial 24 h of recovery and Other Determinants of Relative Weight. American
following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans. Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 47 (1988), pp. 406-412.
Amino Acids. 2016 May 19.
Ronca, L., et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin
Roberts, MD., et al. Effects of arachidonic acid sulfate. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1998; 6 Supp:14-21.
supplementation on training adaptations in resistance-
Roos S, Karner F, Axelsson L, Jonsson H. Lactobacillus
trained males. Journal of the International Society of
mucosae sp. nov., a new species with in vitro mucus-
Sports Nutrition 2007, 4:21.
binding activity isolated from pig intestine. International
Robertson, R. J., R. T. Stanko, F. L. Goss, et al. Blood Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
Glucose Extraction as a Mediator of Perceived Exertion 2000; 50(Part 1):251-258.
During Prolonged Exercise. European Journal of Applied
Rosenfeldt FL, Haas SJ, Krum H, Hadj A, Ng K, Leong
Physiology, Vol. 61 (1990), pp. 100-105.
JY, Watts GF. Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of
Robles Alonso V, Guarner F. Linking the gut microiota hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. Journal
to human health. British Journal of Nutrition 2013; of Human Hypertension 2007;21(4):297-306.
109(Supplement 2):S21-26.
Roy BD, Tarnopolsky MA (1998). Influence of differing
Roche HM, Noone E, Nugent A, Gibney MJ. macronutrient intakes on muscle glycogen resynthesis
Conjugated linoleic acid: a novel therapeutic nutrient after resistance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology
Nutr. Res. Rev. 14:173-187 (2001). 84, 890-96.

Rodriguez NR, Vislocky LM, Gaine PC. Dietary Roy BD, Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD et al (1997).
protein, endurance exercise, and human skeletal-muscle Effect of glucose supplementation timing on protein
protein turnover. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. metabolism after resistance training. Journal of Applied
2007;10(1):40-45. Physiology 82, 1882-88.

Roedde S, MacDougall JD, Sutton JR, Green HJ. Roza AM, Shizgal HM. The Harris Benedict equation
Supercompensation of muscle glycogen in trained reevaluated: Resting energy requirements and the body
and untrained subjects. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1986 cell mass. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;40(1):168-182.
Mar;11(1):42-6.
Rozen TD, Oshinsky ML, Gebeline CA, Bradley KC,
Rohde T, Asp S, MacLean DA et al (1998). Competitive Young WB, Shechter AL, Silberstein SD. Open label trial
sustained exercise in humans, lymphokine activated of coenzyme Q10 as a migraine preventative. Cephalgia
killer cell activity, and glutamine--an intervention study. 2002;22(2):137-141.
European Journal of Applied Physiology 78, 448-53.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 23

Rubin, M. A., et al. Acute and Chronic Resistive Exercise


Santos DA, Dawson JA, Matias CN, et al. Reference values
Increase Urinary Chromium Excretion in Men as
for body composition and anthropometric measurements
Measured With an Enriched Chromium Stable Isotope.
in athletes. PloS ONE. 2014;9(5):e97846.
Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 128 (1998), pp. 73-78.
Satabin, Pascale, Pierre Portero, Gilles Defer, Jacques
Rudakewich M, Ba F, Benishin CG. 2001. Neurotrophic
Bricout, and Charles-Yannick Guezennec. Metabolic and
and neuroprotective actions of ginsenosides Rb(1) and
Hormonal Responses to Lipid and Carbohydrate Diets
Rg(1). Planta Medica 67(6):533-537
During Exercise in Man. Medicine and Science in Sports
Ruohola JP, Laaksi I, Ylikomi T, et al. Association and Exercise, Vol. 19 (1987), No. 3, pp. 218-223. Saudek,
between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and bone stress Christopher D. The Metabolic Events of Starvation.
fractures in Finnish young men. J Bone Mineral Res. American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 60 (1976), pp. 117-126.
2006;21(9):1483-1488. Saunders MJ et al. (2004). Effects of a carbohydrate-
protein beverage on cycling endurance and muscle
Rutin Monograph, Health Canada. damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 36:1233-1238.

Sack RL, Brandes RW, Kendall AR, Lewy AJ. Entrainment Satoskar RR, Shah SJ, Shenoy SG. 1986. Evaluation of
of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl
people. New England Journal of Medicine 2000;343 methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation.
(15):1070-7 International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy
and Toxicology 24(12):651-654.
Sack RL, Lewy AJ, Blood ML, Stevenson J, Keith LD.
Melatonin administration to blind people: phase advances Saw Palmetto Monograph, Health Canada.
and entrainment. Journal of Biological Rhythms
1991;6(3):249-61 Saw palmetto, liposterolic extract Monograph, Health
Canada.
Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, Smith SR, Ryan DH, Anton
SD, McManus K, Champagne CM, Bishop LM, Laranjo Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain
N, Leboff MS, Rood JC, de Jonge L, Greenway FL, Loria SJ, Stachenfeld NS. American College of Sports Medicine
CM, Obarzanek E, Williamson DA. Comparison of position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci
weight- loss diets with different compositions of fat, Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):377-90.
protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med.
Sawka, M.N., Burke, L.M., Eichner, E.R. et al, American
2009;360(9):859-73
College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and
Saitoh, Shin-ichi, Yutaka Yoshitake, and Masahige fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:377–390.
Suzuki. Enhanced Glycogen Repletion in Liver and
Sawynok J. Pharmacological rationale for the clinical use
Skeletal Muscle With Citrate Orally Fed After Exhaustive
of caffeine. Drugs 1995;49(1):37-50.
Treadmill Running and Swimming. Journal of Nutritional
Science and Vitaminology, Vol. 29 (1983), pp. 45-52. Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, Cogo R. 1996.
Efficacy and safety of the standardized ginseng extract
Salleo, Alberto, Guiseppe Anastasi, Guiseppa LaSpada,
G115 for potentiating vaccination against common cold
Guiseppina Falzea, and Maria G. Denaro. New Muscle
and/or influenza syndrome. Drugs Under Experimental
Fiber Production During Compensatory Hypertrophy.
and Clinical Research 22(2):65-72
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 12
(1980), No. 4, pp. 268-273. Schalch, Don S. The Influence of Physical Stress and
Exercise on Growth Hormone and Insulin Secretion in
Sandage, B. W., L. A. Sabounjian, R. White, et al. Choline
Man. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol.
Citrate May Enhance Athletic Performance. Physiologist,
69 (1967), No. 2, pp. 256-267.
Vol. 35 (1992), pg. 236a.
Scheett, T. P., et al. Effectiveness of Glycerol As a
Sandor PS, Di Clemente L, Coppola G, Saenger U, Fumal
Rehydrating Agent. International Journal of Sport
A, Magis D, Seidel L, Agosti RM, Schoenen J. Efficacy of
Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2001, 11, 63-71.
coenzyme Q10 in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized
controlled trial. Neurology 2005;64(4):713-715.

International Sports Sciences


24 | Appendix

Schillinger U. Isolation and identification of lactobacilli


Seida JK, Durec T, Kuhle S. North American (Panax
from novel-type probiotic and mild yoghurts and their
quinquefolius) and Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
stability during refrigerated storage. International Journal
Preparations for Prevention of the Common Cold in
of Food Microbiology 1999; 47(1-2):79-87.
Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Evidence-based
Schleifer KH, Kilpper-Bälz R. Transfer of streptococcus complementary and alternative medicine 2011.
faecalis and streptococcus faecium to the genus
Selenium Monograph, Health Canada.
enterococcus nom. rev. as enterococcus faecalis comb.
nov. and enterococcus faecium comb. nov. International Selsby JT, Beckett KD, Kern M, Devor ST. Swim
Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1984; 34(1):31-34. performance following creatine supplementation in
Division III athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2003
Schmid, B., R. Ludtke, H.K. Selbmann, I. Kotter, B.
Aug; 17(3):421-4.
Tschirdewahn, W. Schaffner, and L. Heide (2001). Efficacy
and tolerability of a standardized willow bark extract Selsby JT, DiSilvestro RA, Devor ST. Mg2+-creatine
in patients with osteoarthritis: randomized, placebo- chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen
controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Phytother. Res. improve exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res.
15:344-350. 2004 May;18(2):311-5.
Schoenfeld BJ, Ratamess NA, Peterson MD, Contreras B, Sen, C., et al. Oxidative Stress After Human Exercise:
Sonmez GT, Alvar BA. Effects of different volumeequated Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation. Journal of
resistance training loading strategies on muscular Applied Physiology, Vol. 76 (1994), pp. 2570-2577.
adaptations in well-trained men. J Strength Condition
Res. 2014;28(10):2909-2918. Sengun IY, Nielsen DS, Karapinar M, Jakobsen M.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tarhana,
Scholey AB, Kennedy DO. 2002. Acute, dose-dependent a traditional turkish fermented food. International
cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng Journal of Food Microbiology 2009; 135(2):105-111.
and their combination in healthy young volunteers:
differential interactions with cognitive demand. Human Senna Monograph, Health Canada.
Psychopharmacology 17(1):35-44
Setnikar I et al. Antiarthritic effects of glucosamine
Schulten, B., M. Bulitta, B. Ballering-Bruhl, U. sulfate studied in animal models, Arzmelm-Forch/Drug
Koster, and M. Schafer (2001). Efficacy of Echinacea Res 1991; 41(5):541-545.
purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-
controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Shao A, Hathcock JN. Risk assessment for the amino
Arzneimittelforschung 51:563-568. acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine. Regul Toxicol
Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;50(3):376-99. Epub 2008 Jan 26
Sciberras JN1, Galloway SD2, Fenech A3, Grech
G4, Farrugia C5, Duca D5, Mifsud J3. The effect of Sharp, R. Less Pain, More Gain for Distance Runners on
turmeric (Curcumin) supplementation on cytokine HMB. Presented at the national meeting of Experimental
and inflammatory marker responses following 2 hours Biology, San Francisco, CA, 1998.
of endurance cycling. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Jan
Shaw, P. C. The Use of a Trypsin-Chymotrypsin
21;12(1):5.
Formulation in Fractures of the Hand. The British Journal
Scimeca JA, Miller GD. Potential health benefits of of Clinical Practice, Vol. 23 (January 1969), pp. 25-26.
conjugated linoleic acid. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 19:470S-471S
Sheikh, MM, et al. The effect of Permixon on
(2000).
androgen receptors. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.
Scott, C. Misconceptions about Aerobic and Anaerobic 1988; 67(5): 397-399.
Energy Expenditure. J. International Society of Sports
Shephard RJ, Shek PN. Immunological hazards from
Nutrition. 2(2):32-37, 2005.
nutritional imbalance in athletes. Exerc Immunol
Sedlock DA. The latest on carbohydrate loading: Rev. 1998;4:22-48. Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA,
a practical approach. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008 MacDougall JD, Chesley A, Phillips S, Schwarcz HP.
Jul-Aug;7(4):209-13. Evaluation of protein requirements for trained strength
athletes. J Appl Physiol. 1992 Nov;73(5):1986-95.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 25

Shephard RJ, Shek PN. Immunological hazards from


Siani A, Pagano E, Iacone R, Iacoviello L, Scopacasa F,
nutritional imbalance in athletes. Exerc Immunol Rev.
Strazzullo P. 2000. Blood pressure and metabolic changes
1998;4:22-48.
during dietary L-arginine supplementation in humans.
Sheppard, H. L., Raichada, S. M., Kouri, K. M., American Journal of Hypertension 13(5):547-551
Stenson- Bar-Maor, L. & Branch, J. D. (2000). Use of
Sim M, Dawson B, Landers G, Trinder D, Peeling
creatine and other supplements by members of civilian
P. Iron regulation in athletes: Exploring the
and military health clubs: a cross-sectional survey. Int.
menstrual cycle and effects of different exercise
J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 10, 245-259.
modalities on hepcidin production. Int J Sport Nutr
Sherman, W.M., and D.L. Costill (1984). The marathon: Exerc Metab. 2014;24(2):177-187.
dietary manipulation to optimize performance. Am. J.
Simard C. Tremblay A, Jobin M. Effects of carbohydrate
Sports Med. 12:44-51.
intake before and during an ice hockey game on
Shi, X., R.W. Summers, H.P. Schedl, S.W. Flanagan, R. blood and muscle energy substrates. Research Qtly.
Chang, and C.V. Gisolfi (1995). Effects of carbohydrate 1988;59:144-147.
type and concentration and solution osmolality on water
Simoneau, J.-A., G. Lortie, M. R. Boulay, M. Marcotte,
absorption. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:1607-1615.
M.-C. Thibault, and C. Bouchard. Human Skeletal Muscle
Shick, Siao Mei, et al., Persons successful at long-term Fiber Type Alteration With High-Intensity Intermittent
weight loss and maintenance continue to consume a Training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol.
low-energy, low-fat diet, Journal of the American 54 (1985), pp. 250-253.
Dietetic Association Vol. 98, No. 4 (April 1998): 408-
Simon-Schnass, I., and H. Pabst. Influence of Vitamin
413.
E on Physical Performance. International Journal of
Shigenaga, Mark K, Tory M Hagen, and Bruce N Ames, Vitamin Nutrition Research (1987), pp. 49-54.
Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging,
Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, Shukla PK, Thakur AS.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the
Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures
USA Vol. 91 (1994): 10771-10778.
and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with
Shirley DG, Walter SJ, Noormohamed FH. coronary artery disease. Journal of Human Hypertension
Natriuretic effect of caffeine: assessment of segmental 1999;13(3):203-208.
sodium reabsorption in humans. Clinical Science
Singh, RB, et al., A randomized, double-blind, placebo-
2002;103(5):461-466.
controlled trial of L-carnitine in suspected acute
Shirreffs SM, Sawka MN. Fluid and electrolyte needs myocardial infarction, Postgraduate Medical Journal 72:
for training, competition, and recovery. J Sports Sci. (1996): 45-50.
2011;29(suppl 1):S39-S46.
Sinha A, Hollingsworth KG, Ball S, Cheetham T.
Shirreffs, S.M., A.J. Taylor, J.B. Leiper, and R.J. Maughan Improving the vitamin D status of vitamin D deficient
(1996). Postexercise rehydration in man: effects of adults is associated with improved mitochondrial
volume consumed and drink sodium content. Med. Sci. oxidative function in skeletal muscle. J Clin Endocrinol
Sports Exerc. 28:1260-1271. Metab. 2013;98(3): E509-E513.

Shulman SP, Becker LC, Kass DA, Champion HC, Terrin Sivonova M et al. The effect of Pycnogenol® on the
ML, Forman S, Ernst KV, Kelemen MD, Townsend SN, erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Gen Physiol Biophys
Capriotti A, Hare JM, Gerstenblith G. 2006. L-Arginine 23: 39-51, 2004.
therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the vascular
Skare OC, Skadberg, Wisnes AR. Creatine
interaction with age in myocardial infarction (VINTAGE
supplementation improves sprint performance in male
MI) randomised clinical trial. Journal of American
sprinters. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001 Apr;11(2):96-102.
Medical Association 295(1): 58-64.
Skene DJ, Lockley SW, Arendt J. Melatonin in circadian
Shytle, RD. Oxidative stress of neural, hematopoietic,
sleep disorders in the blind. Biological Signals and
and stem cells: protection by natural compounds.
Receptors 1999;8(1-2):90-5
Rejuvenation Research 2007, 10(2):173-178.

International Sports Sciences


26 | Appendix

Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists


Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL,
of bacterial names. International Journal of Systematic
Fragala MS, Ho J-Y, Maresh CM, Anderson JM, Volek JS.
Bacteriology 1980; 30(1):225-420.
Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental
Slater G, Rice A, Jenkins D, Hahn A. Body mass doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. Journal of Strength and
management of lightweight rowers: Nutritional strategies Conditioning Research 2007;21:259-264.
and performance implications. Br J Sports Med.
Spiller, G. A., C. D. Jensen, T. S. Pattison, C. S. Chuck,
2014;48(21):1529-1533.
J. H. Whittam, and J. Scala. Effect of Protein Dose on
Smedman A, Basu S, Jovinge S, Fredrikson GN, Vessby Serum Glucose and Insulin Response to Sugars. American
B. 2005. Conjugated linoleic acid increased C-reactive Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 46 (1987), pp. 474-480.
protein in human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition
Spirulina Monograph, Health Canada.
94(5):791-795.
Spriet LL. New insights into the interaction of
Smith A, Sutherland D, Christopher G. Effects of
carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. Sports
repeated doses of caffeine on mood and performance of
Med. 2014;44(suppl 1):S87-S96.
alert and fatigued volunteers. Journal of
Psychopharmacology 2005;19(6):620-626 Srimal R, Dhawan B. 1973. Pharmacology of diferuloyl
methane (curcumin), a non-sterodal anti-inflammatory
Smith SA, Montain SJ, Matott RP et al (1998).
agent. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle
25:447-452.
metabolism during exercise. Journal of Applied
Physiology 85, 1349-56. St. John’s Wort - Oral - Hydroalcoholic Extract
Monograph, Health Canada.
Snyder, DS and Desforges JF. Lipoxygenase metabolites
of arachidonic acid modulate hematopoiesis. Blood. St. John’s Wort – Oral Monograph, Health Canada.
1986 Jun;67(6):1675-1679.
Stanko, R. T., A. Mitrakou, et al. Effect of
Soares, M. J., et al. The Effect of Exercise on Riboflavin Dihydroxyacetone and Pyruvate on Plasma Glucose
Status of Adult Men. British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 69 Concentration and Turnover in Noninsulin-Dependent
(1993), pp. 541-551. Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry
(1990), pp. 283-288.
Sommerfield LM1, McAnulty SR, McBride JM, Zwetsloot
JJ, Austin MD, Mehlhorn JD, Calhoun MC, Young JO, Stanko, R. T., H. Reiss Reynolds, et al. Pyruvate
Haines TL, Utter AC. Validity of Urine Specific Gravity Supplementation of a Low-Cholesterol, Low-Fat Diet:
When Compared With Plasma Osmolality as a Measure Effects on Plasma Lipid Concentrations and Body
of Hydration Status in Male and Female NCAA Collegiate Composition in Hyperlipidemic Patients. American
Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Aug;30(8):2219-25. Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 59 (1994), pp. 423-
427.
Soy Flour Monograph, Health Canada.
Stanko, R. T., R. J. Robertson, R. J. Spina, et al.
Soybean Extracts and Isolates Monograph, Health
Enhancement of Arm Exercise Endurance Capacity With
Canada.
Dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. Journal of Applied
Spector, S. A., M. R. Jackman, L. A. Sabounjian, et al. Physiology, Vol. 68 (1990), pp. 119-124.
Effects of Choline Supplementation on Fatigue in Training
Stanko, R. T., R. J. Robertson, R. W. Galbreath, et
Cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,
al. Enhanced Leg Exercise Endurance With a High
Vol. 27 (1995), pp. 669-673.
Carbohydrate Diet and Dihydroxyacetone and Pyruvate.
Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Vingren JL, Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 69 (1990), pp.
Fragala MS, Ho J-Y, Thomas GA, Hakkinen K, Volek 1651-1656.
JS. Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on
Stanton, R. & Abt, G. A. (2000). Creatine monohydrate
muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise.
use among elite Australian Power lifters. J. Strength Cond.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Res. 14, 322-327.
2008;22(4):1130-1135.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 27

Steck SE, Chalecki AM, Miller P, Conway J, Austin GL,


St-Onge MP1, Bosarge A. Weight-loss diet that includes
Hardin JW, Albright CD, Thuillier P. 2007. Conjugated
consumption of medium-chain triacylglycerol oil leads to
linoleic acid supplementation for twelve weeks increases
a greater rate of weight and fat mass loss than does olive
lean body mass in obese humans. The Journal of Nutrition
oil. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):621-6.
137(5):1188-1193.
St-Onge MP1, Jones PJ. Physiological effects of medium-
Steenge, G. R., Lambourne, J., Casey, A., Macdonald, I. A.
chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of
& Greenhaff, P. L. (1998). Stimulatory effect of insulin on
obesity. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):329-32.
creatine accumulation in human skeletal muscle. Am. J.
Physiol. 275, E974-979. Stout JR, Echerson J, Noonan D et al (1999). The effects
of a supplement designed to augment creatine uptake on
Steenge, G. R., Simpson, E. J. & Greenhaff, P. L. (2000).
exercise performance and fat free mass in football players.
Protein- and carbohydrate-induced augmentation of
Nutrition Research 19, 217-25.
whole body creatine retention in humans. J. Appl. Physiol.
89, 1165-1171. Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Johnson R, Tschopp A, Steffen
R. Comparative study to determine the optimal melatonin
Steffes GD, Megura AE, Adams J, et al. Prevalence of
dosage form for the alleviation of jet lag. Chronobiology
metabolic syndrome risk factors in high school and
International 1998a;15(6):655-6
NCAA division I football players. J Strength Conditiong
Res. 2013;27(7):1749-1757. Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Tschopp A, Hauri-
Bionda R, Friedrich-Koch A, Steffen R. Impact of
Steinberger, J. et al., 2005. Comparison of body fatness
melatonin on driving performance. Journal of Travel
measurements by BMI and skinfolds vs dual energy X-ray
Medicine 1998b;5(1):7-13
absorptiometry and their relation to cardiovascular risk
factors in adolescents. Int. J. Obes., 29(11), pp.1346–1352. Sun FH1, Wong SH2, Chen SH3, Poon TC4.
Carbohydrate electrolyte solutions enhance endurance
Stellingwerff T, Cox GR. Systematic review: Carbohydrate
capacity in active females. Nutrients. 2015 May
supplementation on exercise performance or capacity
15;7(5):3739-50.
of varying durations. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab.
2014;39(9):998-1011. Sun, Q. et al., 2010. Comparison of dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometric and anthropometric measures of
Stellingwerff T, Maughan RJ, Burke LM. Nutrition for
adiposity in relation to adiposity-related biologic factors.
power sports: Middledistance running, track cycling,
Am. J. Epidemiol., 172(12), pp.1442–1454.
rowing, canoeing/kayaking, and swimming. J Sport Sci.
2011;29(suppl 1):S79-S89. Sundgot-Borgen J, Garthe I. Elite athletes in aesthetic and
Olympic weight-class sports and the challenge of body
Stellingwerff T, Spriet LL, Watt MJ, et al. Decreased PDH
weight and body compositions. J Sport Sci.
activation and glycogenolysis during exercise following
2011;29(suppl 1):S101-S114.
fat adaptation with carbohydrate restoration. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290(2):E380-E388. Sünram-Lea SI, Birchall RJ, Wesnes KA, Petrini O. 2005.
The effect of acute administration of 400 mg of Panax
Stellingwerff T. Contemporary nutrition approaches to
ginseng on cognitive performance and mood in healthy
optimize elite marathon performance. Int J Sports Physiol
young volunteers. Current Topics in Nutraceutical
Perform. 2013;8(5):573-578.
Research 3(1):65-74
Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL.
Surawicz CM, Elmer GW, Speelman P, McFarland LV,
New insights concerning the role of carnitine in the
Chinn J, van Belle G. Prevention of antibiotic-associated
regulation of fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle. Journal
diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii: a prospective study.
of Physiology 2007;581.2:431-444.
Gastroenterology 1989; 96(4):981-988.
Stickler L, Hoogenboom BJ, Smith L. THE FEMALE
Sydow K, Schwedhelm E, Arakawa N, Bode-Böger SM,
ATHLETE TRIAD-WHAT EVERY PHYSICAL
Tsikas D, Hornig B, Frölich, Böger RH. 2002. ADMA
THERAPIST SHOULD KNOW. Int J Sports Phys Ther.
and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial
2015 Aug;10(4):563-71.
dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of
L-arginine and B vitamins. Cardiovascular Research
57:244-252.

International Sports Sciences


28 | Appendix

Syrotuik, D. G., Bell, G. J., Burnham, R., Sim, L. L.,


Tay J, Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, Keogh J, Clifton
Calvert, R. A. & MacLean, I. M. (2000). Absolute
PM. Metabolic effects of weight loss on a very-low-
and relative strength performance following creatine
carbohydrate diet compared with an isocaloric high-
monohydrate supplementation combined with periodized
carbohydrate diet in abdominally obese subjects. J Am
resistance training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 14, 182-190.
Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(1):59-67
Szolomicki S, Samochowiec L, Wójcicki J, Drozdzik M.
Taylor JS, Williams SR, Rhys R, James P, Frenneaux
The influence of active components of Eleutherococcus
MP. 2006. Conjugated linoleic acid impairs endothelial
senticosus on Cellular Defence and Physical Fitness in
function. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular
Man. Phytotherapy Research. 2000;14(1)30-35.
Biology 26(2):307-312.
Tang JE, Lysecki PJ, Manolakos JJ, MacDonald
Terrillion KA, Kolkhorst FW, Dolgener FA et al (1997).
MJ, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Bolus
The effect of creatine supplementation on two 700-m
arginine
maximal running bouts. International Journal of Sports
supplementation affects neither muscle blood flow nor
Nutrition 7, 138-43.
muscle protein synthesis in young men at rest or after
resistance exercise. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2):195-200. doi: Teruel, JL., et al. Androgen therapy for anaemia of chronic
10.3945/jn.110.130138. Epub 2010 Dec 29. renal failure. Indications in the erythropoietin era. Scan J
Urol Nephrol. 1996 Oct;30(5):403-8.
Tangphao O, Chalon S, Moreno HJr, Hoffman BB,
Blaschke TF. 1999. Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine Tesch, Per, et al. Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Loss Evoked by
during chronic administration to patients with Resistance Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning
hypercholesterolaemia. Clinical Science 96:199-207. Research, Vol. 12 (1998), pp. 67-73.
Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA, MacDougall JD, Chesley Theanine Monograph, Health Canada.
A, Phillips S, Schwarcz HP. Evaluation of protein
requirements for trained strength athletes. J Appl Physiol. Thein-Nissenbaum J1. Long term consequences of
1992 Nov;73(5):1986-95. the female athlete triad. Maturitas. 2013 Jun;75(2):107-
12.
Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA, Phillips SM, MacDougall
JD. Carbohydrate loading and metabolism during exercise Thiamine Monograph, Health Canada.
in men and women. J Appl Physiol. 1995;78:1360-1368.
Tholstrup T, Raff M, Straarup EM, Lund P, Basu S, Bruun
Tarnopolsky MA, Bosman M, Macdonald JR, Vandeputte JM. 2008. An oil mixture with trans-10, cis-12 conjugated
D, Martin J, Roy BD. Postexercise protein-carbohydrate linoleic acid increases markers of inflammation and in
and carbohydrate supplements increase muscle vivo lipid peroxidation compared with cis-9, trans-11
glycogen in men and women. J Appl Physiol. conjugated linoleic acid in postmenopausal women. The
1997 Dec;83(6):1877-83. Journal of Nutrition 138(8):1445-1451.

Tarnopolsky MA, MacLennan DP. Creatine monohydrate Thomas DE, Brotherhood JR, Brand JC. Carbohydrate
supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise feeding before exercise: Effect of glycemic index. Int J
performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Sports Med. 1991;12(2):180-186.
Metab 2000 Dec;10(4):452-63.
Thomas DM, Martin CK, Lettieri S, et al. Can a weight
Tarnopolsky MA. Caffeine and creatine use in sport. Ann loss of one pound a week be achieved with a 3500-kcal
Nutr Metab. 2010;57(suppl 2):1-8. deficit? Commentary on a commonly accepted rule. Int J
Obes (Lond). 2013;37(12): 1611-1613.
Tarnopolsky MA. Creatine as a therapeutic strategy for
myopathies. Amino Acids. 2011 May;40(5):1397-407. doi: Thomas DT, et al. Position of the Academy of Nutrition
10.1007/s00726-011-0876-4. Epub 2011 Mar 12. and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American
College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic
Taurine Monograph, Health Canada. Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Mar;116(3):501-28.
Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. Health-promoting properties Thomas W Buford, et al. International Society of Sports
of lactobacillus helveticus. Frontiers in Microbiology Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and
2012; 3:392. exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports
Nutrition 2007, 4:6 (30 August 2007)

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 29

Thomas, D., et al. Plasma Glucose Levels After


Torun, B., N. S. Scrimshaw, and V. R. Young. Effect of
Prolonged Strenuous Exercise Correlate Inversely With
Isometric Exercises on Body Potassium and Dietary
Glycemic Response to Food Consumed Before Exercise.
Protein Requirements of Young Men. American Journal
International Journal of Sport Nutrition, Vol. 4 (1994), p.
of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 30 (1977), pp. 1983-1993.
361.
Tribulus - Tribulus terrestris Monograph, Health Canada.
Thompson C, et al. Dietary nitrate improves sprint
performance and cognitive function during prolonged Tric, I., and E. Haymes. Effects of Caffeine Ingestion
intermittent exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015 on Exercise-Induced Changes During High-Intensity,
Sep;115(9):1825-34. Intermittent Exercise. International Journal of Sport
Nutrition, Vol. 5 (1995), pp. 37-44.
Thompson, Deborah A., Larry A. Wolfe, and Roelof
Eikelboom. Acute Effects of Exercise Intensity on Trickett, P. Proteolytic Enzymes in Treatment of Athletic
Appetite in Young Men. Medicine and Science in Sports Injuries. Applied Therapeutics (August 1964), pp. 647-652.
and Exercise, Vol. 20 (1988), No. 3, pp. 222-227.
Trommelen J, et al. Fructose and Sucrose Intake Increase
Thorland, William G., Glen O. Johnson, Thomas G. Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise.
Fagot, Gerald D. Tharp, and Richard W. Hammer. Body Nutrients. 2017 Feb; 9(2): 167.
Composition and Somatotype Characteristics of Junior
Olympic Athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Trommelen J, et al. Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to
Exercise, Vol. 13 (1981), No. 5, pp. 332-338. Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to
Exercise Training. Nutrients. 2016 Dec; 8(12): 763.
Tipton KD, Elliott TA, Cree MG, Aarsland AA, Sanford
AP, Wolfe RR. Stimulation of net muscle protein synthesis Trypsin Monograph, Health Canada.
by whey protein ingestion before and after exercise. Am J
Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292(1):E71-E76. Tsai PH, Tang TK, Juang CL, Chen KW, Chi CA,
Hsu MC. Effects of arginine supplementation on post-
Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Phillips SM, Doyle D Jr, exercise metabolic responses. Chin J Physiol. 2009
Wolfe RR. (1999). Postexercise net protein synthesis in Jun 30;52(3):136-42.
human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am
J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 276:E628-E634. Tsintzas K. and C. Williams. Human muscle glycogen
metabolism during exercise. Effect of carbohydrate
Tipton KD, Rasmussen BB, Miller SL, et al. Timing supplementation. Sports Medicine, Vol. 25 (1998),
of amino acid-carbohydrate ingestion alters anabolic pp. 7-23.
response of muscle to resistance exercise. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab. 2001;281(2): E197-E206. Tsomides, J., et al. Controlled Evaluation of Oral
Chymotrypsin-Trypsin Treatment of Injuires to the Head
Tipton KD, Witard OC. Protein requirements and and Face. Clinical Medicine (November 1996), pp. 40-
recommendations for athletes: Relevance of ivory tower 45.
arguments for practical recommendations. Clin Sports
Medicine. 2007;26(1):17-36. Tullson, P., and R. Terjung. Adenine Nucleotide
Synthesis in Exercising and Endurance-Trained Skeletal
Tipton KD, Wolfe RR. (2004). Protein and amino acids for Muscle.
athletes. J Sports Sci. 22:65-79. American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 261 (1991), pp.
C342-C347.
Tipton, K. D. and Wolfe, R. R. Exercise, Protein
Metabolism, and Muscle Growth. International Journal Tullson, P., D. Whitlock, and R. Terjung. Adenine
of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2001, 11, Nucleotide Degradation in Slow-Twitch Red
109-132. Muscle. American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 258
(1990), pp. C258-C265.
Todd, Karen S., Gail E. Butterfield, and Doris Howes
Calloway. Nitrogen Balance in Men With Adequate and Tullson, P., J. Bangsbo, Y. Hellsten, and E. Richter. IMP
Deficient Energy Intake at Three Levels of Work. Journal Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle After Exhaustive
of Nutrition, Vol. 114 (1984), pp. 2107-2118. Exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 78(1995), No.
1, pp. 146-152.

International Sports Sciences


30 | Appendix

Turmeric - Oral Monograph, Health Canada.


van Geijlswijk IM, Korzilius HP, Smits MG. The use of
Turocy PS, DePalma BF, Horswill CA, et al. National exogenous melatonin in delayed sleep phase disorder: a
Athletic Trainers’ Association position statement: Safe meta-analysis. Sleep 2010;33(12)1605-1614.
weight loss and maintenance practices in sport and
van Loon LJ, Oosterlaar AM, Hartgens F, Hesselink MK,
exercise. J Athletic Train. 2011;46(3): 322-336.
Snow RJ, Wagenmakers AJ. Effects of creatine loading
Tyrosine Monograph, Health Canada. and prolonged creatine supplementation on body
composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and performance in humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2003
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015–2020 Dietary Feb;104(2):153-62.
Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015.
van Loon, LJC. Is There a Need for Protein Ingestion
Ubiquinol Monograph, Health Canada. During Exercise? Sports Med. 2014; 44(Suppl 1): 105–111.

Udischev, S. N., and K. V. Yaremenko. The Use of the Van Schuylenbergh R, Van Leemputte M, Hespel P. Effects
Characteristic of the Rhodiola Rosea Extract to Stimulate of oral creatine-pyruvate supplementation in cycling
Regenerative Processes for an Increase in the Selectivity performance. Int J Sports Med. 2003 Feb;24(2):144-50.
of the Cyclophoshamide Anti-Tumor Action. In New
Medicinal Preparations From Plants of Siberia and the Far Vanakoski J, Kosunen V, Meririnne E et al (1998).
East. Tomsk, Russia: Tomsk University Publishers, 1968, Creatine and caffeine in anaerobic and aerobic exercise,
pp. 151-152. effects on physical performance and pharmacokinetic
considerations. International Journal of Clinical
Uebelhard, D., et al. Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate Pharmacology and Therapeutics 36, 258-62.
on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998 May;6 Suppl A:39-46. Vandebuerie, F., Vanden Eynde, B., Vandenberghe, K. &
Hespel, P. (1998). Effect of creatine loading on
Valerian Monograph, Health Canada. endurance capacity and sprint power in cyclists. Int. J.
Sports Med. 19, 490-495.
Valeriani, A. The Need for Carbohydrate Intake During
Endurance Exercise. Sports Medicine, Vol. 12 (1991), No. Vandenberghe K, Gillis N, Van Leemputte M, Van
6, pg. 349. Hecke P, Vanstapel F, Hespel P. Caffeine counteracts
the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. J
van Blitterswijk WJ, van de Nes JC, Wuisman PI. Appl Physiol. 1996 Feb;80(2):452-7.
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation
to treat symptomatic disc degeneration: biochemical Vandenberghe K, Goris M, Van Hecke P et al
rationale and case report. BMC Complement Altern Med. (1997). Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to
2003 Jun 10;3(1):2. muscle performance during resistance training.
Journal of Applied Physiology 83, 2055-63.
Van der Berg, J., N. Cook, and D. Tribble.
Reinvestigation of the Antioxidant Properties of Vanderhoof JA, Whitney DB, Antonson DL, Hanner TL,
Conjugated Linoleic Acid. Lipids, Vol. 73 (1995), pp. Lupo JV, Young RJ. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of
595-598. antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. The Journal of
Pediatrics 1999; 135(5):564-568.
Van Erp-Baart, A. M., J., W.H.M. Saris, R. A. Binkhorst,
J. A. Vos, and J.W.H. Elvers. Nationwide Survey on the Vardjan T, Mohar Lorbeg P, Rogelj I, Canzek Majhenic
Nutritional Habits of Elite Athletes, part 1: Energy, A. Characterization and stability of lactobacilli and yeast
Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake. International microbiota in kefir grains. Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 10 (1989), 2013; 96(5):2729-2736.
supplement, pp. S3-S10.
Varnier M, Leese GP, Thompson J et al (1995). Stimulatory
van Essen M, Gibala MJ. Failure of protein to improve effect of glutamine on glycogen accumulation in human
time trial performance when added to a sports drink. Med skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology 269,
Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(8):1476-1483. E309-15.

Sports
References and Glossary of Key Words | 31

Vaz AL. Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative


supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine
efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the
and Science in Sports Exercise 31(8):1147-1156.
management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in out-patients.
Curr. Med. Res. Opin 1982; 8(3):145-149. Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gomez AL, Ratamess
NA, Gaynor P. L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation
Vecchiet, L, et al., Influence of L-carnitine administration
favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise
on maximal physical exercise, European Journal of
stress. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology
Applied Physiology 61 (1990): 486-490.
and Metabolism 2002;282:E474-E482.
Velmurugan, et al. Dietary nitrate improves vascular
Volek JS, Rawson ES. 2004. Scientific basis and practical
function in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a
aspects of creatine supplementation for athletes. Nutrition
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am
20(7-8):609-614.
J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jan;103(1):25-38.
Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Staron, R.
Verrill, D. E. and Ribisl, P. M. Resistive exercise training
S., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., Pearson, D. R., Fink,
in cardiac rehabilitation. An update. Sports Med 1996
W. J. & Kraemer, W. J. (1999). Performance and muscle
May; 21(5): 347-383.
fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy
Vinciguerra G et al. Cramps and muscular pain: resistance training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31, 1147-1156.
prevention with Pycnogenol® in normal subjects,
Volek, J. S., Kraemer, W. J., Bush, J. A., Boetes, M.,
venous patients, athletes, claudicants and in diabetic
Incledon, T., Clark, K. L. & Lynch, J. M. (1997). Creatine
microangiopathy. Angiology 57: 331-339, 2006.
supplementation enhances muscular performance during
Vinciguerra, G., G. Belcaro, E. Bonanni, M. R. Cesarone, high-intensity resistance exercise. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 97,
V. Rotondi, A. Ledda, M. Hosoi, M. Dugall, M. Cacchio 765-770.
and U. Cornelli (2013). Evaluation of the effects of
Volek, J. S., Mazzetti, S. A., Farquhar, W. B., Barnes, B.
supplementation with Pycnogenol® on fitness in normal
R., Gomez, A. L. & Kraemer, W. J. (2001). Physiological
subjects with the Army Physical Fitness Test and in
responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine
performances of athletes in the 100-minute triathlon. J
loading. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33, 1101-1108.
Sports Med Phys Fitness 53(6): 644-654.
Volpe SL, Bland E. Vitamins, minerals, and exercise. In:
Vitali, G, et al., Carnitine supplementation in human
Rosenbloom CA, Coleman EJ, eds. Sports Nutrition: A
idiopathic asthenospermia: clinical results, Drugs Under
Practice Manual for Professionals. 5th ed. Chicago, IL:
Experimental and Clinical Research Vol. XXI, No. 4
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2012:75-105.
(1995): 157-159.
Von Allworden, H. N., S. Horn, J. Kahl, et al. The
Vitamin A Monograph, Health Canada.
Influence of Lecithin on Plasma Choline Concentrations
Vitamin B12 Monograph, Health Canada. in Triathletes and Adolescent Runners During Exercise.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 67 (1983),
Vitamin B6 Monograph, Health Canada. pp. 87-91.

Vitamin C Monograph, Health Canada. Vukovich MD, Stubbs NB, Bohlken RM et al (1997). The
effect of dietary hydroxyl -methylbutyrate (HMB) on
Vitamin D Monograph, Health Canada. strength gains and body composition changes in older
adults. FASEB Journal 11, A376.
Vitamin E (from rac-alpha-tocopherol and esters)
Monograph, Health Canada. Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, Wong
E, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Francis T, Jenkins AL, Leiter
Vitamin E (from RRR-alpha-tocopherol and esters) LA, Josse RG, Xu Z. 2000c. American ginseng improves
Monograph, Health Canada. glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance:
Volek JS, Duncan ND, Mazzeti SA, Staron RS, Putukian effect of dose and time escalation. Journal of the
M, Gomez AL , Pearson DR, Fink WJ, Kraemer WJ. American College of Nutrition 19(6):738-744.
1999. Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to
creatine

International Sports Sciences

You might also like